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1、套模拟实战演练模拟?M练(一)A A(2017苏锡常镇四市一模)MoleculesFoundonPhonesRevealLifestyleSecretsMoleculesFoundonPhonesRevealLifestyleSecretsWhatdoesyourphonesayaboutyou?Molecules(分子)foundonmobilephonesrevealanastonishingamountabouttheownershealthandlifestyleincludingtheirfoodpreferencesandmedication.Californianscientis
2、tsfoundtracesofeverythingfromcaffeineandspicestoskincreamsandanti-depressants(抗抑有B药物)on40phonestheytested.Weleavetracesofmolecules,chemicalsandbacteriaoneverythingwetouch.Evenwashinghandsthoroughlywouldnotpreventthetransfertoeverydayobjects,theresearcherssaid.Usingatechniquecalledmassspectrometry(光谱
3、模U定),theUniversityofCaliforniaSanDiegoresearchteamtested500samplestakenfrom40adultsmobilephonesandhands.Theythencomparedthemwithmoleculesidentifiedinadatabaseandproducedaalifestyleprofileofeachphoneowner.DrAminaBouslimani,anassistantprojectscientistonthestudy,saidtheresultswererevealing.Byanalysingt
4、hemoleculestheyleftbehindontheirphones,wecouldtellifapersonislikelytobefemale,useshigh-endcosmetics(化妆品),dyesherhair,drinkscoffee,prefersbeeroverwine,likesspicyfood,isbeingtreatedfordepression,wearssunscreenandbugspray-andthereforelikelytospendalotoftimeoutdoorsallkindsofthings,shesaid.Mostofthemole
5、culesarethoughttobetransferredfrompeoplesskin,handsandsweattotheirphone.Mosquitorepellents (驱蚊齐U)andsunscreenswerefoundtostayforaparticularlylongtimeonpeople;sskinandphones,evenwhentheyhadnotbeenusedformonths.Previousresearchbythesameteamfoundthatpeoplewhohadnotwashedforthreedaysstillhadlotsoftraces
6、ofhealthandbeautyproductsontheirskin.Thestudysaidthetestingmethodcouldidentifyanobjectsownerwithoutfingerprints.Itcouldalsocheckifpatientsweretakingtheirmedication.Besides,itcouldprovideusefulinformationaboutapersonsexposuretopollution.Theresearchersnowwanttofindoutmoreaboutthegreatquantityofbacteri
7、athatcoverour港分方略第三步skinandwhattheyrevealaboutus.SeniorauthorProfPieterDorresteinsaidtherewereatleast1,000differentmicrobeslivingontheaveragepersonsskin,inhundredsoflocationsonthebody.MoleculesFoundonPhonesRevealLifestyleSecretsMoleculesFoundonPhonesRevealLifestyleSecretsResearchresultYourmobilephon
8、esconveyalargeamountofinformationonyourpersonalhealthandlifestyle.1.PreviousresearchPeoplewhohadnotwashedforthreedaysstillhadlotsoftracesofhealthandbeautyproductsontheirskin.Research2.details/information?Molecules,chemicalsandbacteriacanbetracedonmobilephones3.despitethehabitofwashinghandsthoroughly
9、.?Withthehelpofad.technique,researcherstested500samplesfrom40phones.?5.Comparingthesampleswithmoleculesidentifiedinadatabase,scientistsproducedaalifestyleprofile“ofeachphoneowner.?Basedonthe6.analysis/analysesofthemolecules,scientistcouldtellapersonsgender,habits,hobbies,etc.Practicalapplication?The
10、testingmethodcantellanobjectsowners7.identity/identificationintheabsenceoffingerprints.?Informationaboutapersonsmedicationcanbechecked.?Howmuchapersonis8.exposedtopollutioncanbetraced.9.FutureresearchTheresearcherswanttohaveabetter10.understanding/knowledgeofbacteriacoveringourskin.B B(2017盐城三模)Weal
11、lknowwhatmakesforgoodcharacterinsoldiers.Weveseenthemoviesaboutheroeswhodisplaycourage,loyaltyandcoolnessunderfire.Butwhataboutsomebodywhositsinfrontofakeyboardallday?Isitpossibletodisplayandcultivatecharacterifyouarejustaninformationageofficeclerk,alonewithamemooryourcomputer?Ofcourseitis.Evenifyou
12、arealoneinyouroffice,youarethinking.Thinkingwellunderaneraofinformationmaybeadifferentsortofmoralchallengethanfightingwellunderahailofbullets,butitsacharacterchallengenonetheless.Intheirbook,IntellectualVirtues,RobertC.RobertsofBaylorUniversityandW.JayWoodofWheatonCollegelistsomeoftheintellectualvir
13、tues.Wecanallgradeourselvesonhowgoodweareateachofthem.First,thereiscourage.Theobviousformofintellectualcourageisthewillingnesstoholdunpopularviews.Buttheslighterformisknowinghowmuchrisktotakeinjumpingtoconclusions.Theimpulsivethinkertakesafewpiecesofinformationandleapstosomefarawaytheory.Theperfecti
14、onist,ontheotherhand,isunwillingtoputanythingoutthereexceptunderidealconditionsforfearthathecouldbewrong.Intellectualcourageisself-regulation,RobertsandWoodargue,knowingwhentobedaringandwhentobecautious.ThephilosopherThomasKuhnpointedoutthatscientistsoftensimplyignorefactsthatdontfitwiththeirexistin
15、gparadigms(范例),butanintellectuallycourageouspersoniswillingtolookatthingsthataresurprisinglyhardtolookat.Second,thereisfirmness.Youdontwanttobeapersonwhoabandonshisbeliefsattheslightestsignofopposition.Ontheotherhand,youdontwanttoholdrigidlytoabeliefagainstallevidence.Themedianpointbetweenflaccidity
16、(软弱)andrigidityisthevirtueoffirmness.Thefirmbelievercanbuildasteadyworldviewonsolidmaterialsbutstilldelightinnewinformation.Hecangracefullyadjustthestrengthofhisbelieftothestrengthoftheevidence.Firmnessisaqualityofmentalalertness.Third,thereismodesty,whichisnotlettingyourowndesireforstatusgetinthewa
17、yofaccuracy.Themodestpersonfightsagainstprideandself-importance.Hesnotwritingthosesentencespeoplewritetomakethemselvesseemsmart;hesnotthinkingofhimselfmuchatall.Themodestresearcherdoesntbecomearroganttowardhissubject,assuminghehasmasteredit.Suchapersonisdelightedtolearnfromanyoneatanystageinlife.Fou
18、rth,thereisautonomy.Youdontwanttobeapersonwhoblindlyadoptswhateveropinionyourteacherorsomeauthorgivesyou.Ontheotherhand,youdontwanttorejectallguidancefrompeoplewhoknowwhattheyaretalkingabout.Autonomyisthemedianofknowingwhentobowtoauthorityandwhennotto,whentofollowarolemodelandwhennotto,whentostickto
19、traditionandwhennotto.Finally,thereisgenerosity.Thisvirtuestartswiththewillingnesstoshareknowledgeandgiveotherscredit.Butitalsomeanshearingothersastheywouldliketobeheard,lookingforwhateachpersonhastoteachandnotlookingtojumponothersfortheirerrors.Montaigneoncewrotethat“Wecanbeknowledgeablewithotherme
20、nsknowledge,butwecantbewisewithothermenswisdom.Thatsbecausewisdomisntabodyofinformation.Itsthemoralqualityofknowinghowtohandleyourownlimitations.Charactertestsareexistingeverywhereeveninmoderneverydaylife.Itspossibletobeheroicifyourejustsittingaloneinyouroffice.Itjustdoesntmakeforagoodmovie.Intellec
21、tualVirtuesIntellectualVirtuesPassageoutlinePassageoutlineSupportingdetailsSupportingdetailsIntroduction11.Though/Although/Whileyouarenotaheroatwarandliveinpeace,youstillhavechancestodisplayintellectualvirtues.Intellectualvirtues12.listedbytheexperts?Apersonwithintellectualcourageiswillingtosticktot
22、heviewsnotwell13.received/accepted.?Youshould14.balanceflaccidityandrigiditytopossessthevirtueoffirmness.?Inadditiontotheestablishedsteadyworldview,youshouldbe15.opentonewideasandadjustyourbeliefflexibly.?Ratherthanbeingproudandself-important,modestpeopleare16.keen/bentonlearningfromotherswheneverpo
23、ssible.?Autonomymeansyouhavetheabilitytomakeyourowndecisionsaboutwhattodoinsteadofbeing17.influencedbysomeoneelseortoldwhattodo.?Agenerouspersontendstoshareknowledgeandapplaudothersin18.recognitionoftheirachievements.?Youshouldbeagoodlistenerandlearnerinsteadoffinding19.faultwithothers.SummaryOnlywh
24、enweknowhowto20.deal/copewithourlimitationscanwebewise.C C(2017南京、盐城二模)“HELLisacitymuchlikeLondon,saidPercyByssheShelleyin1819.Modernacademicsagree.LastyearDutchresearchersshowedthatcitydwellers(居民)havea21%higherriskofsufferingfromanxietydisordersthandotheircalmerruralcountrymen,anda39%higherriskofs
25、ufferingfrommooddisorders.Butexactlyhowtheinnerworkingsoftheurbanandruralmindscausethisdifferencehasremainedunclearuntilnow.AstudyjustpublishedinNaturebyAndreasMeyer-LindenbergoftheUniversityofHeidelbergandhiscolleagueshasusedascanningtechniquecalledfunctionalmagnetic-resonanceimaging(机能性磁共振成像,简称fMR
26、I)toexaminethebrainsofcitydwellersandcountrymenwhentheyareunderstress.InDrMeyer-Lindenbergsfirstexperiment,participantslyingwiththeirheadsinascannertookmathsteststhattheywereboundtofail(theresearchershaddesignedsuccessratestobejust2540%) .Tomaketheexperiencestillmoreembarrassing,theteamprovidednegat
27、ivefeedbackthroughheadphones,allthewhilecheckingparticipantsforindicationsofstress,suchashighbloodpressure.Thecitypeoplesgeneralmentalhealthdidnotdifferfromthatoftheruralcountrymen.However,theirbrainsdealtwiththestresscausedbytheexperimentersindifferentways.Thesedifferenceswerenoticeableintworegions
28、:theamygdalas( 杏 仁 核)andtheperigenualanteriorcingulatecortex(前扣带皮层,简称pACC).Peoplelivinginthecountrysidehadthelowestlevelsofactivityintheiramygdalas.Thoselivingintownshadhigherlevels.Citydwellershadthehighest.InthecaseofthepACC,however,whatmatteredwasnotwheresomeonewaslivingnow,butwhereheorshewasbrou
29、ghtup.Themoreurbanaperson;schildhood,themoreactivehispACC,regardlessofwherehewasdwellingatthetimeoftheexperiment.Theamygdalasthusseemtorespondtothehere-and-nowwhilethepACCisprogrammedearlyon,anddoesnotreactinthesame,flexiblewayastheamygdalas.Second-to-secondchangesinitsactivitymight,though,beexpecte
30、dtobeconnectedwithchangesintheamygdalas,becauseofitsroleinregulatingthem.fMRIallowssuchconnectionstobemeasured.Inthecasesofthosebroughtupinthecountryside,regardlessofwheretheynowlive,theconnectionswereasexpected.Forthosebroughtupincities,however,theseconnectionsbrokedown.Theregulatorymechanismofthen
31、ativeurbanite,inotherwords,seemstobeoutoforder.DrMeyer-Lindenbergandhisteamconductedseveralmoreexperimentstochecktheirfindings.Theyaskedparticipantstocompletemoremathstestsandalsotestsinwhichtheywerementallyupsanddownswhileinvestigatorsscoldedthemabouttheirperformance.Theresultsmatchedthoseofthefirs
32、ttest.Theyalsostudiedanothergroupofvolunteers,whoweregivenstress-freetaskstocomplete.TheseexperimentsshowednoactivityineithertheamygdalasorthepACC,suggestingthattheearlierresultswereindeedtheresultofsocialstressratherthanmentaleffort.Asisusuallythecaseinstudiesofthissort,thesamplesizewassmallandther
33、esultshowedanassociation,ratherthanadefinite,causalrelationship.Thatassociationis,nevertheless,interesting.Livingincitiesbringsmanybenefits,butDrMeyer-LindenbergsworksuggeststhatShelleyandhisfellowRomanticshadatleasthalfapoint.TitleTitle: :DoUrbanBrainsBehaveDifferentlyfromRuralOnes?DoUrbanBrainsBehaveDifferentlyfrom
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