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1、Effective SentencesUnity 统一性Unity is the first quality of an effective sentence. It refers to two qualities: there is only one main idea in a sentence, and that idea is complete.1Born in a small town in South China in theearly 50s, he grew up to be a famous musician.2He is from Hebei, and I am 22yea
2、rs old nowCoherence 连贯性Coherence means clear and reasonable connection between parts. A sentence is coherent when its words or parts are properly connected and their relationship clear. To make your sentences coherent, you should keep the following in mind:Do not separate words that are closely rela
3、ted;Do not use a pronoun with ambiguous reference;Do not use a dangling modifier;Do not make confusing shift in person andnumber;Do not make unnecessary changes in tense, voice, or mood.1) A man is judged not only by what he says but also by his deeds.2) We thought she was charming, intelligent, and
4、 a very capable young woman.3) We have great faith and high hopes for her.4) She told my sister that she was wrong.5) He was knocked down by a bike, but it was not serious.6) I read an interesting story in a magazine about sportsmen.Conciseness (简洁性)A sentence should contain no unnecessary words. If
5、 the idea if fully expressed, the fewer words are used, the better.Wordy:1) My father has returned back from Beijing.2) It is blue in colour.3) In my opinion, I think you are right.4) Mary is a quiet and careful woman.Concise:1) My father has come back from Beijing.2) It is blue.3) I think you are r
6、ight.4) 4) Mary is quiet and careful .Emphasis (有重点性)1. Placing: The end and the beginning , especially the end, of a sentence usually attract readers' attention, so important elements of a sentence should be put at these two places.1) Zhangjiajie, some tourists say, is in many ways more interes
7、ting than Shaoshan.2) Modest and hardworking, Wang Wei is a good student.2. Short sentences: Short sentences are more emphatic than long ones, especially at the beginning or end of a paragraph, or in the midst of long sentences.The sky was overcast. A north wind was blowing. It threatened to rain at
8、 any moment. A gloomy day.3. Inverted sentences. They are emphaticbecause their unusual word order draws the reader's attention:In rushed the noisy children.The poet was born poor, and poor he remained all his life.4. parallel constructions and balanced sentences.The politician is concerned with
9、 successful elections, whereas the statesman is interested in the future of his people.5. Periodic sentences: their climatic word ordermakes them emphatic.It is a truth universally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.6. Imperative 命令的 and exclama
10、torysentences. They are naturally emphatic: Don't move!How wonderful.7. Rhetorical questions.反问句 They arequestions in form but emphatic statements in meaning:Didn't I tell you that you mustn't touch this machine?8. Negative-positive statements. They first pointout what is not the truth,
11、and then what is. The contrast makes them emphatic:There were so many errors in the performance that the result was not a tragedy, but a comedy.9. Sentences with repeated words or phrases.Government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.Bright, very bright, wer
12、e the stars over the wild, dark Yenan hills.The good old days were gone forever, could never be got back again.10. Use verb instead of noun, active voice instead of passive voice.The moment he saw ( not at the sight of) the disorderly crowd, he knew (not was aware that)that something bad would happe
13、n (not would be possible).We planted many trees yesterday. ( not Many trees were planted yesterday>)11. Subordination (使用附属结构): Subordinating a part of a sentence is a way of giving emphasis to the main part / idea of the sentence. This means putting a minor idea in a dependent element of the sen
14、tence so as to give the main idea a prominent position:The professor walked into the classroom, carrying a bag of books with him. ( not The professor walked into the classroom and he carried a bag of books with him 力).12. Emphatic words and phrases.The director himself told me this news.This is the very dictionary I have been looking for.13. Alliteration. It means the appearance of thesame consonant sound at the beginning of two or more words, like 'busy as abee"The government was faced with the choice between the ballot and the bullet.Varity 变化性: Variety is achieve
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