初高中英语衔接课程讲义句子的成分和基本句型定稿版

1、 4UM1*2!ttL03-7.""WftEtP-ITiB 滙IIw5皿"十圖团结奉献拼搏云第四章句子的成分和基本句型句子成分：组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可 分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。一、主语一一表明句子里所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词 或相当于名词的词或短语充当。例如：IAly IikeS her new bike.（名词）莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。He gets UP early every day.（代词）他每天都起得很早。To Iedrn EngliSh Well i

2、s not easy.（不定式短语）学好英语不容易。二、谓语一一说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动 i充当。例如：We WOrk hard.我们努力工作。The boy CZlUght a bird.那个男孩逮住一只鸟。He is my father.他是我父亲。They all IOOk fine.他们都很好。谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如：am reading.YoU are reading. HeShe is reading.We arereading.三、宾语一一宾语是动作行为的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语 充当，和及物动词一起

3、构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。例如:TOm bought a Story-book.（名词）汤姆买了一本故事书。I SaW him yesterday.（代词）昨天我看到他了。He Wanted to have a CUP Of tea.（不定式短语）他想要一杯茶。直接宾语和间接宾语一一有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人 的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如：He gave me SOnle ink .他给了我一些墨水。间接宾语直接宾语OUr teacher told US an interesting story.老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。间接宾语直接宾语四

4、、表语一一说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，与连系动词一起构成谓语，表语由 名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。例如：My SiSter is a nurse.（名词）我的姐姐是一名护士。They Were at home.（介词短语）他们在家里。She got angry.（形容词）她生气了。Her grandfather is OVer eighty years old.（数词）她的祖父八十多岁了。五、定语一一定语是修饰名词或代词的，可以作定语的除形容词外，还有名词、代 词、数词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。例如：ThiS is a green cup.（形容词）这是

5、一个绿色的杯子。Are these StUdentS your classmates?（代词）这些学生是你班的吗？Winter is the COldeSt SeaSOn Of the year.（介词短语）冬天是一年中最冷的季节。I have SOmething important to tell you.（不定式）我有重要的事情要告诉你。The PeOPIe here are Very friendly.（副词）这里的人们非常友好。注意：形容词作定语时通常放在被修饰的词之前。而介词短语、不定式短语或副词等 作定语时则放在被修饰的词之后。六、状语一一状语是修饰动词、形容词、或副词的，有的修饰

6、全句。可以作状语的主 要是副词和介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等。例如：YOU are quite right .（副词）你非常正确。Mr. WU COmeS to the SChOOI by bike.（介词短语）吴老师骑自行车上学校。She WilI arrive in Beijing On Monday.（介词短语）她将于星期一到达北京。He StOPPed to have a look.（不定式短语）他停下来看了看。七、宾语补足语一一有些及物动词的宾语后边还需要有一个补足语，意思才能够完整。宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。例如：We CalI her XiaO Li.宾语宾语补足语YOU

7、 must keep the room Clean and tidy.宾语宾语补足语JOhn asked me to help him With his Chinese.宾语 宾语补足语I WilI have Iny hair CUt tomorrow.宾语宾语补足语We SaW the boy PIdying basketball On the PIaygrOUnd just now.宾语宾语补足语句子成分巧记歌诀主谓宾表定状补，七种成分记清楚。句子主干主谓宾（表），枝叶成分定状补。定语修饰主宾表，宾语之后常有补。主谓人称数一致，状语位置最灵活。Exercises:指出下列句子中划线部分的成

8、分。1. We all StUdy hard dt English.A. 主语B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语2. Betty IikeS her new bike Very much.A.主语B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语3. My brother is a POIiCeman.A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语4. Were you at home IaSt night?A.定语B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语5 WirIter is the COldeSt SeaSOn Of the year.A定语 B.状语 C.宾补D.表语6. He Often WaIkS in the ParkA.定语

9、B.状语 C.宾语D.表语7 Mary asked me to help her yesterday.A.定语B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语8 He bought me a nice PreSent IaSt WeekA.宾语 B.直接宾语 C间接宾语 D.宾补9.HiS ParentS are doctors.A.宾语B. 表语C. 谓语D 定语10. 11 getyou SOme tea now.11.A宾语My motherA.表语B.直接宾语C.间接宾语 D.宾补told US an interesting StOry IaSt nightB.直接宾语C间接宾语D.宾补12.He has

10、 read the book twice.A 主语B.谓语C.表语 D.宾语13 They Seemed ImhaPPy When they heard the news.A.表语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.定语14 DO you have SOmething to eat ?A.状语 B.定语 C.宾语 D.宾补 15 We made him OUr monitor.A 宾语B定语C.状语D宾补简单句的基本句型：由一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）所构成的句子叫简单句。根 据句子的基本结构，简单句分为5种基本句型：1. S+V;（主语+不及物动词）£ Cdn SWinL

11、我会游泳。主语谓语（不及物动词）EVerythingchanges. 万物都在变。主语谓语The PIanehas already arrived. 飞机已经抵达。主语谓语2. S+V+O;（主语+ +及物动词+宾语）I Iike English. 我喜欢英语。 主语谓语 宾语They are :Teading books . 他们在看书。主语. 谓语宾语He bought a COnIPUter IaSt week. 他上周买了 台电脑。主语谓语 宾语3. S÷V÷P;（主语+连系动词+表语）My mother isa scientist.我母亲是个科学家。主语谓语表语S

12、heIOOkSyoung.她看上去很年轻。主语谓语表语The food tastes Very delicious.这食物尝起来很香。主语谓语表语4. S+V+IO+DO;（主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语）My motherboughtmea dictionary yesterday.我母亲昨天给我买了本字典。主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语Can yougivemethe math book?你能给我那本数学书吗？谓语主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语WilI youtellUSSOmething about your SChOOIlife?你给我讲讲你们的学习生活，好吗？谓语主语谓语间接宾语直接宾语5.

13、 S+V+0 + 0c;（主语+及物动词+宾语+补语）We must keep our CIaSSroOm CIean and tidy. 我们必须保持教室干净、整f士 孑口。主语 谓语宾语宾语补足语My mothe:T asks me to SPeak EngIiSh as much as possible. 我母亲要求我尽 可能多地讲英语。主语 谓语宾语宾语补足语I heard her Singing happily in the room just now.刚才我听到她在房间里 咼兴地唱着歌。主语谓语宾语宾语补足语简单句五种基本句型巧记歌诀:英语句子万万千，五大句型把线牵。句型种类看动词

14、，后接成分是关键。系词之后接表语，不及物后无需连。及物乂可分三类，单宾双宾最常见。还有宾语补足语，各种搭配记心间。Exercises:指出下列句子的基本类型1 They are IiStening2 My mother is fifty now.3 I have bought three books4 My friend gave me a birthday PreSent.5. I Painted the WalI white.6 The boss Ofterl makes the WOrkerS WOrk twelve hours a day.7 They arrived at SiX o

15、' CIOCk8. The map is Orl the WalI9. ChiIdren Ofterl Sing this SOng10. Mr WU teaches US EngliSh11. She ShOWed her friends all her PiCtUreS12 I find him a IOVeIy boy.请朗读以下句子，划分下列句子的成分，并指出他们分别属于简单句中的哪种。1. OUr COUntry COnSUmeS a Iarge number Of PIaStic bags2. The SUPer-thin bags are the main SOUrCe Of White POlIUtiOn.3. We ShOUld encourage PeOPIe to return to Carrying CIOth bags4. The new rule Came OUt5. EnViOrnmentaI groups WelCOme the new rule6. They Can StOP USing PIaStiC bags7. What is PartiCUIarly POSitiVe is t