高中英语语法：四种名词性从句讲解与练习

1、名词性从句名词性从句相当于名词， 可分别作主句的主语、 表语、 宾语和同位语。 因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。引导词 ： 主语从句就是在复合句中用作主语的从句， 引导主语从句的引导词主要有三类： 一是that； 二是whether； 三是那些可以用作疑问词的词语， 如 what,who, which, when, where, how, why 等（一）引导名词性从句的连接词1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分， 如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。2、 连接副词： when, where, why, ho

2、w。 有词义， 在从句中担任成分，作状语。3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if。 that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if （whether）, as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词 whether 和 if （是否） ，as if （好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据何义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、 if 和 as if 都用不上时，才用 that 作连接词（ that 本身无任何含义） 。一、主语从句与宾词

3、从句连词、语序、时态相同。只是不能用 if, that 不可省；（1） 、主语从句是一个句子，在句子中作主语成分。（2） ，主语从句的特点1.与宾语从句使用同样的连接词，只是if 不能用；1） 、陈述句用that。2） 、一般疑问句用whether。3） 、 特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词what, which, who,when, where, why, how 等词引导 。2.经常隐身（以it 为形式主语出现） 。例句：1.1 t's true that the earth is round.That the earth is round is true.2. 表是否的意思时，不能用 if

4、 代替 whether.It hasn't been decided whether he'll come or not.Whether he'll come or not hasn't been decided.3. 从句语序为主谓宾正常语序。Why didn't he come?Why he didn't come is not known.练习：1. makes mistakes must correct them.A. What B. ThatC. Whoever D. Whatever2. It worried her a bit he

5、r hair was turning gray.A. while B. thatC. ifD. for3. When and why he came here yet.A. is not knownB. are not knownC. has not knownD. have not known4. Tom liked to eat was different from .A. That that you had expected B. What that you had expectedC. That what you had expted D. What what you had expe

6、cted5. we go swimming every day us a lot of good.A. If.doB. That.do C. If.does D. That.does6.1 t Bob drives badly.A. thinks that B. is thought what C. thought that D. is thought that7.1 t's uncertain the experiment is worth doing.A. ifB. thatC. whether D. how8. the boy didn't take medicine m

7、ade his mother angry.A. ThatB. What C. HowD. Which9. you don't like him is none of my business.A. What B. WhoC. ThatD. Whether10. we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A. IfB. Whether C. ThatD. Where11. he won't go there is clear to all of us.A. HowB. What C. WhyD. This12. you

8、 come or not is up to you.A. What B. IfC. WhyD. Whether13. team will win the match is a matter of public concern.A. Which B. ThatC. IfD. How14. leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who二、同位语从句（一）、含义1、在主从复合句中作同位语的从句称为同位语从句；所用连词与宾语从句（除不能用if ）和主语从句相同2、连

9、词1） 、陈述句用that。2） 、一般疑问句用whether。3） 、 特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词what, which, who,when, where, why, how 等词引导 。3、常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, order, information, wish, promise,answer, evidence, report, explanation, suggestion, conclusi喻抽象名词后面， 说明 该名词的具体内容。换言之，同位语从句和所修饰的名词在内容上为同一关系，对其内容作进一步说明。例：The news

10、that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school们 比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。析：they had won the gamei明The news的全部内容，因此该句为同位语从句。（二） 、运用1 .如同位语从句意义完整，用that 引导同位语从句。 （that 不充当任何成分，只起连接作用）例：The general gave the order that the soldiers should cross the river at oncW 下达了战士们立即过河的命令。析：the soldiers should

11、cross the river at oncei the order的全部内容， 且意义完 整，因此应用 that 引导同位语从句。2 .如一般疑问句whether做同位语从句的连词，译成"是否"（if不能引导同位语 从句） 。例： We'll discuss the problem whether the sports meeting will be held on tim哉彳门 将讨论运动会是否会如期举行的问题。析：the sports meeting will be held 0ntime一般疑问句做同位语从旬，原旬为： Will the sports mee

12、ting be held on time?3 .如同位语是特殊疑问句做同位语从句，连词就应用when, where, how等疑问词引导例 1： I have no idea when he will be back.例 2： I have no impression how he went home, perhaps by bike.4 .当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。如：The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.&突然想至U敌 人可能已经逃出城了。（三）、同位语从句和定语从

13、句的区别 :同位语从句和定语从句相似， 都放在某一名词或代词后面， 但同位语从句不同于定语从句。 同位语从句对名词加以补充说明， 是名词全部内容的体现， 且名词和同位语从句的引导词均不在从句中作成分； 定语从句说明先行词的性质与特征， 与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系， 且名词和定语从句的引导词均在从句中作成分。区分时可以在先行词与与从何之间加一个系动词be使之构成一个新句子，如果句子通顺且符合逻辑，则为同位语从句，反之，则为定语从句。如：The report that he was going to resign was false他将辞职的传闻是彳贸的。因为 the report was th

14、at he was going to resigM意通顺，所以，that he was going to resign 是同位语从句。例 1. Information has been put forward more middle school graduates will beadmitted into universities.(NMET2001 上海 )A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as2. It is said that more middle school graduates will be admitted into universitie，s this is the

15、 information has been put forward.A.whatB.thatC.whenD.as3. She heard a terrible noise,brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91)A.itB.which C.thisD.that练习：1 .The fact she works hard is well known to us all.A.thatB.whatC.whyD.which2 .The news he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whe

16、n1.1 have no idea he will start.A.whenB.thatC.whatD./4 .The thought he might fail in the exam worried him.A.whenB.whichC.whatD.that5 .The order the prisoner be set free arrived too late.A.whichB.whetherC.thatD.what6 .He often asked me the question the work was worth doing.A.whetherB.whereC.thatD.whe

17、n三、表语从句1、定义用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。7 、引导表语从句的词有从属连词（所用连词与宾语从句（除不能用 if ）和主语从旬相同、同位语从何相同），不同之处还可用because, as if ; as thought导。1） 、陈述句用 that。2） 、一般疑问句用whether。3） 、特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词 what, which, who,when, where, why, how, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whicheve等词弓I导。3、 That 引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或可以省略。The tr

18、ouble is that we are short of money.困难是我们资金短缺。That is why stone walls are used instead of fences around New England fields 是为什么在新英格兰用石头墙而不用栅栏的原因。At that time, it seemed as if I couldn't think of the right word anyhow 当时，我彳以乎怎 么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。4、陈述句做表语从句连词that， that 在引导表语从句时无词义。一般疑问句用whether引导，wheth

19、er有词义，意为、是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question（问题），trouble（麻烦），problem（问题），result结 果），chance（能性），suggestion侬议），idea（想法），reason（S由）等。表语从句 对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。The trouble is （that） she has lost his money 麻烦的事是他丢了 钱。The question is whether we need more ice cream题是我们是否还要一些冰淇淋。The problem was that it was too

20、valuable for everyday use3题是它作为 日 常之用 太贵重了。What she couldn t understand was that fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.我们不能理解越来越少的学生对他的课不感兴趣。5、由疑问词引导的表语从句。who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whicheve 等弓 I 导 表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，疑问代词不能省略。The question is which of

21、 us should gd可题是我们哪个应该去。The problem was who could do the work 问题是谁能做这项工作。That's what he is worrying about那就是他在担心的事。That's what we should do那是我们应该做的。Go and get your coat. It's where you left it. 去把雨衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That' thrwhyhL gotfwet 没伞也没雨衣，这

22、是我们淋湿的原因。That is what he is worried about那就是他所担心的。6、由连词because, as if/as thoug筹引导的表语从句。It looked as if it was going to snow 看起来好像要下雪了。That's because we never thought of i这是因为我们从未想过此事。 练习1. The question is we will have our sports meet next week.A. thatB.ifC.whenD. whether2. The reason why he failed is he was too careless.A. becauseB.thatC.forD.becauseof3. The problem is to take th