高中英语倒装句的语法知识

1、高中英语倒装句的语法知识，具体例子，倒装句的几种类型描述：倒装语序中又有全部倒装（Full In version ）和部分倒装（Partial In version ）两种情况。1首先，在全部倒装的句子中，要把整个谓语放在主语的前面去而构成倒装语序。例如：There are large nu mbers of stude nts in the lecture hall.（在There be的句式中，因此，There be的句式都是全部倒装的句子。）演讲厅里有大量的学生。When he ran to the door, there stood a mid-aged man with a lant

2、ern in his hand .（句子的主语是 a mid-aged man ，谓语是stood。）当他向房门跑去时，那儿正立着一位手里拿着一盏灯笼的中年男人。2在陈述句中1）为了避免句子部分内容不必要的重复，常用so + be动词（助动词、情态动词）+主语或neither / nor + be 动词（助动词、情态动词）+主语的倒装句式。His brother is a college stude nt; so is mine.他弟弟是大学生，我弟弟也是。His brother is not a college stude nt; nor is mine .他弟弟不是大学生，我弟弟也不是。H

3、e used to have his further study abroad; so did I.他曾去国外深造过，我也去过。He did nt use to have his further study abroad; n either did I.他没去国外深造过，我也没有。One of my friends can speak three foreig n Ian guages; so can his wife.我的一个朋友会说三门外国语，他的妻子也会。One of my friends cannot speak three foreig n Ian guages; n either

4、can his wife .我的一个朋友不会说三门外国语，他的妻子也不会。They are now prepari ng for their final exam in ati ons; so are we .他们正在为期末考试作准备，我们也一样。They are not now prepari ng for their final exam in ati ons; nor are we .他们没在为期末考试作准备，我们也没有。2）具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时（除否定词修饰主语外），句子一般要写成部分倒装句。这类词或短语常见的有：not, never, seldom, hardly, ra

5、rely, sc arcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, no sooner hardly （when）, not only （but also）, not until 等。例如：，Hardly had she sat dow n whe n she heard some one knocking at the door .她还没来得及坐下来，就听见有人敲门。Not un til twelve oclock did he go to bed last ni ght .他昨晚直到十二点钟才睡觉。Nev

6、er have my sisters bee n to Hong Kong before .我的妹妹们以前从未去过香港。No sooner had I returned home from New Zeala nd tha n I bought a house and went to live there.我从新西兰一回国，就买了一栋房子并在那儿住下了。So far as I know, seldom does Mary come back to see her mother.就我所知，玛利几乎很难回来看她妈妈。Scarcely a drop of rain fell here last fa

7、ll .（否定词修饰主语时，句子不用倒装。）去年秋天，这儿几乎没下一滴雨。3）当so, often, only等表示程度、频率的副词放在句首时，句子一般要倒装。例如：Only in this way can you come up with a solution to the problem.只有这样，你才有可能想出解决这个问题的办法。So serious was the situati on that everybody faced a test.形势如此地严峻，每个人都面临着一场考验。So hard did he overwork that he fell ill at last.他太操劳

8、过度以致最后病倒了。4） 当there, here, then, now 等副词在句首，且谓语是come, go, be等动词时，句子一般要全部倒装。其意义在于引起他人 的注意。如果这类句子的主语是代词，则不用写成倒装句。例如：Now, here goes the story.这个故事是这样的。Look, there comes the taxi.瞧，出租车过来了。Then came ano ther questi on.然后又一个问题提出来了。The n followed the four-year War of Liberatio n.接下来是四年的解放战争。5）当out, in, awa

9、y, up, bang等表示方位或拟声词放在句首时，句子一般要全部倒装。这类子比自然语序的句子更为生动、形象。但如果这类句子的主语是代词，则不用写成倒装句。例如：Away flew the bird.那鸟飞走了。Sudde nly, in came a man with a mask on his face.突然进来- -个蒙着面具的人。6）其他情况还有：省略了 if的虚拟条件句、某些表示祝愿的句子、以及某些让步状语从句，等等也要用倒装句式。例如：（省略了 if的虚拟条件句）Had they not helped us, we could not have done it so success

10、fully.如果没有他们的帮助，我们不可能把那件事办的如此成功。Should he come, say Nobody in to him.万一他来了，对他说：”公司没人。”（某些表示祝愿的句子）Try as I might, I could nt lift the sto ne.无论我使多大的劲，我也无法搬起那块石头。倒装句之全部倒装全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有：1）here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首，谓语动词常用 be, come, go, lie, run 。There goes t

11、he bell.Then came the chairma n.Here is your letter.2）表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。Out rushed a missile from un der the bomber.Ahead sat an old woma n.注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。Here he comes. Away they went.三、作用通常是希望强调句中的某一部分1. 当以there, here, out , in , up , down, away等副词开头的句子，为了起到强调的作

12、用，可构成倒装句，只把副词放在句首，主语和谓语位置调换，不加助动词。Our teacher came in.In came our teacher.这种倒装要求：主语必须是名词。主语是人称代词时，主语和谓语语序不变。Here it is.Away he went.这类倒装句式一般只用一般现在时和一般过去时。Here comes the bus.Out rushed the boys.2. how, the n, just, ofte n表示时间的副词放在句首，可构成倒装句，只把副词放在句首，主语和谓语位置调换，不加助动词。Then came 8 years of the Anti Japa n

13、ese War.3. 表地点状语的介词短语放在句首，要用倒装句式，以示强调。这种倒装句也是主谓直接调换位置，不加助动词did, does或do.Un der a big tree, half asleep.A. did sat a fat man B. a fat man satC. did a fat man sat D. sat a fat man4. there放在句首时，要用倒装句式。第3页共6页在“there + be结构中的谓语动词有时不用be ,而用表示类似 存在观念的其他不及物动词。如：live, stand, come, lie, flow,enter, rise 和 app

14、ear 等。There came shouts for help from the river.There lies a large wheat field in front of the house.Many years ago there lived an old man in the woode n house.In front of the tower flews a stream.5. so +动词+主语n either/ nor + 动词 + 主语表示两人的同样一个情况时，只能表示一件事，即上、下句所使用的动词、时态要一致。否则要用so it is with You can rid

15、e a bike. So can I .He has bee n to Beiji ng. So have I .The first one isn t good, neither is the second.His un cle is a worker and has bee n work ing in the factory for more tha n ten years. So it is with his aunt.so6. so+形容词/副词that的结构状语从句可以用正常语序表示，也可以把so+形容词/副词放于句首构成倒装。句型如下：+形容词/副词+be/助动词/情态动词that

16、 +从句。Light travels so fast that it is difficult for us to imag ine its speed.=So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imag ine its speed.So easy was the work that they fini shed it in a few days.7. done做形容词在句中做表语时，常把表语放在句首，要用倒装句式。Gone forever are the days when the Chinese people had

17、 to use foreign oil.8. 否定副词 n ot , never, seldom, no where, little , rarely放于句首时要用倒装句式。We seldom get up at four in the morning.=Seldom do we get up at four in the morning.Not a sin gle word from him could the en emy drag.Rarely have I heard of such a silly thi ng.9. hardly when; scarcelywhen;no soon

18、er than 可以用正常语序had hardly done whendid 或用倒装句式Hardly had + 主语+ done whendid 句式。hardly所在的句子用过去完成时。The bell hardly had rung whe n the class bega n.= Hardly had the bell rung whe n the class bega n.No sooner had he arrived in Beiji ng tha n he bega n to work.10. not only but als o如连接两个成分时，不用倒装；连接句子时，前面的

19、句子要用倒装。Not only was everyth ing that he had take n away from him, but also his Germa n citize nship.Not only is he busy, but also I have a lot of work to do.Not only does he speak En glish very well, but also he speaks French well.11. only及所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，要用：only+状语+ be /助动词/情态动词+主语及其他Only whe

20、 n he told me the n ews did I know what had happe ned.Only in this way can you make progress in your En glish.12. 虚拟语气中的倒装句If I were you, I would take the job. = Were I you, I would take the job.语法专项选择（倒装结构）1.0nly when you have obta ined sufficie nt datacome to a sound con clusi on.A. can youB. you

21、can C. would you D. you would2. that this regi on was so rich in n atural resources.A. Little he knew B. Little did he know C. Little he did kn ow D. Little he had known3.0nly in recent yearsbegu n to realize that wild dogs, kept with in boun ds, ofte n do more good tha n harm.A. people have B. sinc

22、e people haveC. have people D.people who have4. Not un til I shouted at the top of my voicehis head.A. that he tur nedB. did he turnC. he didnt tur nD. he had tur ned第3页共6页5. Not onlyabout the food, he also refused to pay for it.A. the customer compla ined B. whe n the customer compla inedC. did the

23、 customer compla in D. the customer did complai n6. do we go for pic nics.A. Certai nlyB. Sometimes C. Seldom D. Once7. Her an swer is not acceptable, and.A. n either am I B. either is mine C. n either is mineD. mine is n either8.So fastthat it is difficult for us to imagi ne its speed.A. light trav

24、el B. travels the light C. do light travel D. does light travel9.Smith is a good stude nt and studies very hard,.A. so it is with Mary B. so does Mary C. so is Mary D. n either does Mary10. a little more time to think, he might have acted more sensibly.A. If he took B. If he has take n C. Had he tak

25、e nD. Should he take11. the beginning of the 19 th century did scientists know that all matter is made up of atoms.A. AtB. ByC. Up to D. Not until12. Hardlyhe got out of the courtthe reporters raised a lot of questi ons to him.A. had when B. had than C. did when D. has than13.1m porta nthis discover

26、y was, it was regarded as a matter of no acco unt in his time.A. toB. forC. asD. although14. Hereyou want to see.A. the man ager comesB. comes the man ager C. comes a man ager D. is coming a man ager15. By no meanstheir own Ian guage well.A. it is true that all En glish people knowB.is it true that

27、do all En glish people knowC. it is true that do all En glish people knowD.is it true that all En glish people know16. for the free tickets, I would not have gone to see the films so ofte n.A. If it is not B. Were it n ot C. Had it not bee nD. If they were not17. the mome nt bell rang.A. The stude n

28、ts out ran. B. Out ran the stude nts C. Ran out the stude ntsD. Out the stude nts ran18. Dow nand hurt his leg.A. fell the boy B. fell he C. did he fall D. did the boy fell19. and broke it.A. Dow n fell the coffee cup B. He dropped the coffee cup C. Dow n was the coffee cup falle n D. The coffee cup

29、 fell dow n20. differe nt opinions on his questi on.A. There exist B. There existi ngC There existsD. There were existed21. Betwee n the two buildi ngsa tall tree.A. sta ndsB. sta ndingC. liesD. are22. , he knows a lot about space and satellite.A. A child as he is B. As he is a childC. Child althoug

30、h D. Child though he is23. At the foot of the moun tai n.A. a village lies B. lies a village C. does a village lie D. lyi ng a village单项选择。1.Itthat after the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city, their bodies nearly completelyand disappeared,empty spaces in the ash.A.tur ns out; broke

31、dow n; leavi ngB.is tur ned out;was broke n out;leav ingC.tur ns dow n; broke up;leftD.tur ns up; broke dow n;left2. Would you like me tothe drivi ng for a while? A. take in B. take on C. take over D. take off3. The desert was once a gree n land with huge trees, but they were cut dow n,resulted in t

32、he cityby sand-what a pity!A.that; being buried B.which;was buried C.which; being buried D.this; buried4. it turns out , they did not know what a volca no was.A.WhatB.ItC.That D.As5. his accent, he comes from Hunan.A. Judging fromB. Judged from C. Judge from D. To judge from6. If Tim carries on work

33、ing like this, he will sooner or later.A. break downB. break inC. break upD. break out7. That it keeps raining cats and dogs the tourists.A. worryingB. worries C. have worried D. has worried8. A surprise attack was at Pearl Harbor by the Japanese in 1941, which led to the US the Second World War.A.

34、happened; enter B. carried out; entering C. occurred; entering D. taken place; enter9. The next day, US President Franklin Roosevelt war against Japan.A. indicatedB. admitted C. announced D. declared10. Sometimes the best way these events and changes is the people who played key roles in history.A.

35、to understand; to look atB. to understanding; looked atC. of being understood; to looking atD. of understanding; look at11. However, many cities rose up against Alexander, so he led an army them back.A. to takingB. to takeC. to bringD. to bringing12. There is no doubt the price of oil will be cut do

36、wn.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. why13. he never wrote a book, we know very little about his philosophy.A. Because ofB. As a result ofC. SinceD. Due to14. Socrates taught by asking questions, , he challenged his students to develop and explain their own arguments.A. by thisB. through this C. by which D.

37、through which15. The idea of asking questions until you reach the right answers the of modern philosophy and science.A. is; baseB. are; baseC. is; basisD. are; basis16. He always asked challenging questions to everyone he met, many people in Athens.A. only to upset B. so that to upset C. upsettingD.

38、 and upsetting17. Finally he was put to death by _to drink poison, through _death, Soarates became the hero of all people who search for the truth.A. being forced; whose B. forcing; hisC. being forced; his D.forcing; whose18. Even the best writers find themselves for words.A. lose B. lost C. to lose

39、D. having lost19. All people from Nanjing are excited at the Youth Olympic Games in Nanjing next year.A. to hold B. being heldC. holding D. to be held20. The final score of the basketball match was 93-94. We were only beaten.A. nearlyB. slightly C. narrowly D. lightly语法专练。1. John rushed out in a hur

40、ry, _ the door.A. leaving; unlockedB. leaving; unlockingC. left; unlocked D. to leave; unlocking2. Barbara is easy to recognize as she s the only one of the women whoevening dress.A.wear B.wears C.has worn D.have worn3. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which saved for ot

41、her purposes.A. isB. are C. was D. were4. The teacher together with the students discussing Reading Skills that newly published in America.A. are; wereB. is; wereC. are; wasD. is; was5. Books of this kind well.A. sell B. sells C. are sold D. is sold6. All possible means to prevent the air pollution,

42、 but the sky is still not clear.A. is usedB. are used C. has been used D. have been used7. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.A. were, wasB. was, wasC. was, wereD. were, were8. Twelve years _a precious period of time for the youth who likely to

43、learn a lot at school.A. are, isB. is, isC. is, areD. are, are9. your brother or you to blame for the broken TV set?A. Be B. Are C IsD Were10. More than one high official by the police since the mayor was shot dead.A. has been questioned B. have been questioned C. was questioned D. were questioned11

44、. What you said quite to the point but what we need experienced technical workers.A. is; aleB. is; isC. are; are D. are; is12. 一 Cydia ， what did you hear our teacher said just now?一 Every boy and every girl as well as the teachers who_to lead the group_ asked to be at the school gate before 6 ：30 i

45、n the morning A. is; is B. are; ateC. are; is D. is; are13. Could you show me the mobile phone you dlike ?A. to have repairedB. repairing itC. having it repaired D. to repair it14. You will see this product wherever you go.A. to be advertisedB. advertisedC. advertiseD. advertising15. When I caught h

46、im _ me, I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop.A. cheatingB. cheatC. to cheatD. to be cheating21. It really shocked us that he should have made such rapid progress in his study in such a short time! No surprising. He has been making most of his spare time to study.A. a; theB. a; /C. /; theD. /; /22. In front of the famous big trees a family, the parents treat their child like a friend.A. lives; whereB. were; whichC. settle; whileD. staying; who23. Lei Feng, we set up a sch