高中英语 unit5 section2 Learning about Language 新人教版选修6

1、成才之路 英语,路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索,人教版 选修6,The power of nature,Unit 5,Section Learning about Language,Unit 5,根据词性及汉语提示写出单词及其拓展形式 1_(n.)候选人；候补者 2_(n.)平房；小屋 3_(n.)台风 4_(n.)雷暴 5_(adj.)贵重的；珍贵的 _(adv.)昂贵地；仔细地 6_(n.)小说家 _(n.)小说， 长篇故事 7_(n.)雾,candidate bungalow typhoon thunderstorm precious preciously novelist novel

2、fog,8_(n.)文件；证件 9_(n.)彩虹 10_(adj.)不舒服的；不舒适的 _(反义词) 11_(n.)阳台 12_(adj.)失去知觉的；未察觉的 _(反义词) 13_(vt.)射中；射伤 _(n.)射击；枪炮声,document rainbow uncomfortable comfortable balcony unconscious conscious shoot shot,短语互译 1be unconscious of_ 2shoot at _ 3find out _,未意识到 朝射击 查明，弄明白，搞清楚,用所给动词的适当形式填空 1We dont allow _(smo

3、ke) hereEspecially we dont allow students _(smoke) here. 2The window is dirty and wants _(clean) 3_(give) her opinion about the new building，she left the meeting. 4_(criticize) by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking. 5The gentleman _(stand) over there is our principal. 答案：1.smoking; to smoke2.clean

4、ing/to be cleaned3.Having given4.Having been criticized5.standing,1.precious adj.贵重的；珍贵的 The peacock is a precious bird in the subtropical zone. 孔雀是亚热带的珍禽。 Dont waste precious time talking to himHes not worth it. 别浪费宝贵的时间跟他交谈，他不值得。 知识拓展 (1)preciously adv.昂贵的 preciousness n珍贵 (2)同义词：expensive adj.昂贵的

5、,比较网站 precious, valuable shoot (3)shooting句意：射击中心在哪里？大约在北京城南50千米处。本题考查非谓语动词。此处用动名词作定语修饰centre,1.The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD took the people of Pompeii by surprise. 公元79年维苏威火山的爆发令庞培城的人们大吃一惊。 句中take.by surprise的意思是“使吃惊”，另外还可作“突然袭击”解。如： The heavy rain took us all by surprise. 这场大雨使我们大家猝不及防。

6、 We were taken by surprise while sleeping. 我们在睡梦中遭到突袭,知识拓展 (1)in/with surprise 吃惊地 He opened his eyes wide in surprise. 他吃惊地睁大了眼睛。 (2)to ones surpriseto the surprise of sb使某人吃惊的是 Much to my surprise, she failed in the examination. 使我非常吃惊的是，她考试没及格,活学活用 由于受到突袭，这个城镇被人民解放军占领了。 _ _ _， the town was seized

7、 by PLA men. 答案：Taken by surprise,2I rushed downstairs only to see my hostess lying unconscious on the floor, surrounded by her guests. 我冲到楼下，却意外地发现我的女主人不省人事地躺在地板上，她的客人们围着她。 only to see.为动词不定式，在句中作结果状语；lying unconscious是现在分词作see的宾语补足语；surrounded by her guests为过去分词作伴随状语,I walked all the way from home

8、 to the library, only to find it closed 我从家里一路走到图书馆，不料已经关门了。 He saw her reading in the classroom. 他看见她正在教室里读书。 They found themselves surrounded by friends. 他们发现自己被朋友围了起来。 The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. 老师进了实验室，随后跟着几个学生,比较网站 only to do/only doing only后接动词不定式和现在分词都被用作结果状语,活学

9、活用 补全句子 (1)(真题改编四川)汤姆乘出租车到了机场，发现他要乘坐的飞机已高在天空。 Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _ _ his plane high up in the sky. (2)盘子从他手中掉下来，结果摔成了碎片。 He dropped the plate, _ _ it into pieces. 答案：(1)to find(2)only breaking,一、v.ing形式的定义与分类 动词的ing形式是一种非谓语动词。它仍保有动词的特征，可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成短语。 动词的ing形式包括动名词与现在分词，也可统称为v

10、.ing形式。动名词在句中用作主语，宾语，表语，定语；而现在分词在句中用作表语、定语、状语与宾语补足语,新课标语法动词ing形式,二、动名词的基本用法 1动名词作主语 动名词可用作句子的主语。动名词在句中的位置通常有两种，一种位于句首，另一种是用it作形式主语，而将动名词短语移至句末。 Its no good sending him over. 派他去没用。 Smoking does harm to your health. 吸烟对你的健康有害,2动名词作宾语 动名词可用作某些动词、动词短语及介词的宾语。 Your shoes need repairing. 你的鞋该补了。 The boy a

11、dmitted stealing the money. 这个孩子承认偷了这笔钱,1)常用动名词作宾语的动词及动词短语，我们可以用口诀归纳如下： 考虑建议盼原谅(consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon) 承认推迟没得想(admit，delay/put off，fancy) 避免错过继续练(avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practise) 否认完成停能赏(deny，finish，quit，enjoy/appreciate) 不禁介意准逃亡(cant help，mind，allow/permit，escape) 不

12、准冒险凭想像(forbid，risk，imagine,2)need，want，require，be worthdoing表示被动意义 The house need repairing. 房子需修理了。 The Great Wall is worth visiting. 长城值得参观,3动名词作表语 Her job is cleaning the window. 她的工作是擦窗子。 4动名词作定语(表用途) There is some drinking water here. 这儿有一些饮用水,三、现在分词 现在分词可在句中作表语、定语、状语与补足语，本单元只讲现在分词作状语。 现在分词/动词i

13、ng形式作状语时，表示的动作或状态与谓语动词表示的动作或状态是同时或几乎是同时发生的，或是先于谓语动词表示的动作或状态发生，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。动词ing形式作状语常表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随、让步、结果等，多用逗号同句子其他成分隔开。并且可以转换成相应的状语从句或并列句,1现在分词(v.ing)的基本形式,Hearing the news, they immediately set off. 听到这个消息，他们立即出发了。 Having written a letter, I listened to music for a while. 写完信后，我听了一会儿音乐。 Havi

14、ng been held back by the traffic jam, she couldnt get there on time. 她被交通阻塞耽搁了，无法准时到达那里,2现在分词作状语的基本用法 (1)作时间状语。强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，动词ing形式之前可用连词while或when等。如 Walking in the park, she saw an old friend When she was walking in the park, she saw an old friend 在公园散步时，她看到一个老朋友,While playing the piano, she go

15、t very excited While she was playing the piano, she got very excited 弹钢琴时(过程中)，她变得十分激动。 Having finished their homework, they all went out to play After they had finished their homework, they all went out to play. 完成作业后，他们都出去玩了,2)作原因状语。相当于原因状语从句。如： Not recognizing the voice, he refused to give the pe

16、rson his address As he didnt recognize the voice，he refused to give the person his address. 因为没听出那个人是谁，他拒绝把自己的地址给他。 Being so angry，he couldnt go to sleepAs he was so angry，he couldnt go to sleep. 因为太生气了，他睡不着,3)作让步状语。相当于一个让步状语从句。有时动词ing形式前可带有连词although，even if，even though等。如： Although working hard fr

17、om morning till night, he didnt get enough food Although he worked from morning till night，he didnt get enough food 虽然他从早到晚拼命干，但挣的还是不够吃。 Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake Though he had been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. 尽管被告知许多次了，他仍然犯同样的错误,4)作结果状语

18、。作结果状语时，通常放在句末，用逗号与前面的部分隔开；有时为了突出结果，其前可带thus。如： She was so angry that she threw the plates on the floor, breaking them into pieces. 她是如此生气以致于把盘子扔在地上，摔得粉碎。 The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus causing the delay. 公共汽车被风雪所阻，因而耽搁了,5)作条件状语。作条件状语时，相当于if引导的条件状语从句。如： Taking(If you take)the path that l

19、eads out of the town，you will come to a dense wood 如果你沿着通向郊外的小道前进，就会走到一片密林处,6)表示方式或伴随情况。这种用法可以用并列复合句或两个简单句代替。如： They came into the classroom singing and laughing.They sang and laughed，and came into the classroom. 他们又唱又笑地走进了教室。 He stood leaning against the wall.He stood and leaned against the wall. 他

20、靠墙站着,3现在分词作状语的注意事项 (1)主语一致 现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语保持一致，否则就要在分词前加上其自身的逻辑主语构成分词的独立结构。 Mary coming back, they discussed that together. 玛丽回来后，他们一起讨论了那件事。 Weather permitting, we shall go there on foot. 天气允许的话，我们就步行去那儿,温馨提示 分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，但不构成语法错误的常见分词(短语)：副词(frankly/generally.)speaking, judging from, t

21、alking of, considering等,2)否定形式 现在分词的否定形式是“not现在分词”。 Not knowing how to do it，he had to ask for help. 因为不知道该怎样做，他不得不寻求帮助。 Not having received any reply，he decided to write another letter. 由于没收到任何答复，他决定再写一封信,1.(2014北京25)The film star wears sunglassesTherefore, he can go shopping without _(recognize) 答

22、案：being recognized 考查动名词的用法。recognize“认出”，为及物动词，且与句子主语he构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动形式。句意为：那位电影明星戴着太阳镜。因此，他去购物的时候就不会被人认出来了,2(2014江苏29)The lecture _(give), a lively questionandanswer session followed 答案：having been given考查非谓语动词。a lively questionandanswer session followed紧跟着是一个问答环节，是句子主干，所以逗号前面部分是要用非谓语动词作状语，the le

23、cture与give之间是被动关系，又give动作发生在follow动作之前，所以要用having been done形式作状语，即表示被动，又强调完成，故填having been given,3(2014江西31)_(spend) nearly all our money, we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel 答案：Having spent考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：花光了我们差不多所有的钱，我们住不起旅馆了。动词spend与主语we之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，又动作spent发生在主句动作couldnt afford之前，所以用having d

24、one形式作状语，表示主动，强调完成,4(2015真题改编北京)The park was full of people _(enjoy)themselves in the sunshine. 答案：enjoying句意：这个公园充满了人，在阳光下他们玩得很尽兴。本题考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词的逻辑主语为people，人们玩得很开心为主动的，因此填enjoying,5(2015真题改编安徽)_(ignore) the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make. 答

25、案：Ignoring句意：忽视这两项研究结果的差异将会是你所犯的最严重错误之一。句子缺少主语，ignore的逻辑主语是you，两者是主谓关系，因此用动名词作主语,每空填一词，使该句与所给句子的意思相同 1After the scientists had studied the information, they predicted that the lava would flow through the village. _ _ _ _， the scientists predicted that the lava would flow through the village. 2Becaus

26、e I had experienced a few earthquakes before，I wasnt frightened _ _ a few earthquakes before，I wasnt frightened,3As I had never seen a volcano erupting before, I was very excited _ _ _ a volcano erupting before, I was very excited 4Because I had spent all night watching the game, I was very tired th

27、e next day. _ _ all night watching the game, I was very tired the next day,5As I came out of my house，I saw my father planting trees in the garden. _ _ _ my house, I saw my father planting trees in the garden. 答案：1.Having studied the information2.Having experienced3.Never having seen4.Having spent5.

28、Coming out of,单词拼写 1Her daughter is the most _(宝贵的) person to her in the world 2The foreign ministers of the two countries signed the _(文件) yesterday. 3She still finds it _(不舒服的) to stand without support. 4They found him lying _(失去知觉的) on the floor. 5There were a large number of _(候选人) for the job 答案：1.precious2.document3.uncomfortable4.unconscious5candidates,按照要求，用动词ing形式改写下面句子 1When they heard the news, they immediately set off(动词ing作时间状语) _ 2After I had written a letter, I listened to music for a while(动词ing作时间状语) _ 3Because she had been held back