中考新突破（江西专用）中考英语 话题二十一 世界与环境试题

1、话题二十一世界与环境(The world and the environment).完形填空A( 2016济南改编)Did you throw something away today? The answer for most people would be yes. But where does our _1_ go? It doesnt just sit in the rubbish bin. Every day, _2_ come to take the rubbish from our rubbish bins. They put it into a big truck and _3_

2、 it to landfills(垃圾填埋场). At the landfill, people sort(分类) the rubbish. They recycle some, _4_ some and bury(埋) some of it underground. The more rubbish gets recycled, the _5_. It means that less rubbish ends up in landfills. Landfills can also be bad for the environment. So many Chinese cities encou

3、rage everyone to sort out their rubbish _6_ throwing it away. Put the food in one bag. Put the plastic bottles in _7_. And throw them in the right rubbish bins. In this way, we can help _8_ a lot of time, money and energy for all of society.Many foreign _9_ have good sorting systems(系统). So they hav

4、e higher recycling rates(比率)In Sweden, only 4 percent of household waste _10_ in landfills every year. In Japan, people recycle nearly 50 percent of all rubbish. There is _11_ a lot to do when it comes to rubbish sorting in China. People in the country make about 300 million tons of rubbish every ye

5、ar. _12_ they only recycle less than a quarter of the waste. The _13_ of it ends up in landfills. Most of it is unsorted. The good news is that many cities are trying different ways to make things better. Beijing will start a new program to _14_ rubbish sorting next year. If people sort out their ru

6、bbish, theyll _15_ WeChat bonus points(加分). They can exchange the bonus points for shopping cards!(B)1.A.transportation Brubbish Ccreativity Dstandard(D)2.A.policemen Bdoctors Cscientists Dworkers(C)3.A.take Bbring Ccarry Dovercome (B)4.A.buy Bburn Csell D.make (A)5.A.betterB.worse C.more D.less (D)

7、6.A.after B.unless Cuntil D.before (B)7.A.the other B.another Cothers D.the others (C)8.A.separate Bcancel Csave Ddiscover (A)9.A.countries B.cities Ctowns Dvillages (B)10.A.takes up B.ends up Cgets up Dputs up (D)11.A.already B.yet C.never D.still(D)12.A.So B.Or C.And DBut (B)13.A.piece B.rest C.su

8、rface D.kind (C)14.A.invent B.pull C.improve D.disappear (A)15.A.get B.finish C.refuse D.spare 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。主要向我们阐述了垃圾的“去处”，有的被回收利用，有的被填埋，有的被烧毁。作者呼吁大家将垃圾分类，这样可以节省大量的时间金钱和精力。【答案精析】1B考查名词辨析。transportation“交通”；rubbish“垃圾”；creativity“创造力”；standard“标准”。由上文“Did you throw something away today？”和“It doesn

9、t just sit in the rubbish bin.”可知此处指“垃圾”。故选B。2D考查名词辨析。policemen“警察”；doctor“医生”；scientist“科学家”；workers“工人”。由下文“to take the rubbish from our rubbish bins”可知是指“工人”。故选D。3C考查动词辨析。take“带走”；bring“带来”；carry“搬，运”；overcome“克服”。由“They put it into a big truck”可知是通过卡车把垃圾运到填埋场。故选C。4B考查动词辨析。buy“买”；burn“烧”；sell“卖”；

10、make“制造；使”。由空格前的“recycle some”和空格后的“bury(埋) some”可知此处是指烧垃圾。故选B。5A考查形容词辨析。better“更好”；worse“更差”；more“更多”；less“更少”。由“It means that less rubbish ends up in landfills.”可知垃圾回收越多就越好。故选A。6D考查连词辨析。after“在之后”；unless“除非；如果不”；until“直到为止”；before“在之前”。垃圾分类应该在扔掉垃圾之前。故选D。7B考查代词辨析。the other“(两者中)另一个”；another“(三者或三者以

11、上中)另一个”；others“其他人或物”；the others“(特指)其他人或物”。由上文“Put the food in one bag.”可知这里是泛指另一个袋子。故选B。8C考查动词辨析。separate“分离”；cancel“取消”；save“节省；挽救”；discover“发现”。垃圾分类可以节省时间、金钱和精力。故选C。9A考查名词辨析。country“国家”；city“城市”；town“城镇”；village“村庄”。Sweden和Japan是两个国家。故选A。10B考查动词短语辨析。take up“学着做；开始做；占用”；end up“结束；告终”；get up“起床；起来

12、”；put up“张贴；抬起；举起”。由空格前后的内容可知此处表示有百分之四的家庭垃圾最后到了垃圾填埋场，故选B。11D考查副词辨析。already“已经”；yet“还；已经”；never“从不”；still“仍然”。由下文“People in the country make about 300 million tons of rubbish every year . they only recycle less than a quarter of the waste.”可知仍然有许多事情要做。故选D。12D考查连词辨析。so“因此；所以”；or“或者；否则”；and“并且；和”；but“但

13、是”。由空格前后的内容可知前后句是转折关系。故选D。13B考查名词辨析。piece“块；张；片”；rest“剩余的部分”；surface“表面”；kind“种类”。上文提到不到四分之一的垃圾被回收可知此处表示“剩下”的垃圾。故选B。14C考查动词辨析。invent“发明”；pull“拉”；improve“提高”；disappear“消失”。由上文“The good news is that many cities are trying different ways to make things better.”可知此处指提高垃圾分类的效率。故选C。15A考查动词辨析。get“得到”；finis

14、h“完成”；refuse“拒绝”；spare“抽出；留出”。由下文“They can exchange the bonus points for shopping cards！”可知他们可以得到微信加分。故选A。B (2016长沙改编) 请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后用方框中所给的词的适当形式填空。每个词限用一次。improveinfluenceunlessavoidimportance spendhealthyespeciallyangryrefuse Why is clean water so important to developing countries? A recent re

15、port shows that about 80 percent of diseases(疾病) in developing countries are caused by poor water and low sanitation(卫生) conditions. In those countries, women and girls 1 spend several hours collecting water, but often polluted, far away from their families. The polluted water more or less 2 influen

16、ces their health. In this case, there is an urgent(迫切的) need for people in developing countries to have access to(有机会或权力使用) clean water 3 to_improve their health.Here is a short story about Hadjara Zakari, a 12-year-old girl in Niger. Having access to clean water changed her life. She learned about

17、the 4 importance of hand-washing when the school first received clean water three years ago. That evening, she told her father, “You shouldnt eat with me 5 unless you clean your hands.” Her father was very 6 angry and shouted at her, “Its not up to you to tell me what to do！” Stunned (目瞪口呆的)，Hadjara

18、 sat in silence. But she knew she was right. In protest(抗议), Hadjara 7 refused to eat dinner that night. After her father questioned Hadjaras head teacher, he understood the importance of hand-washing and his daughters intention(目的). The girl really wanted her family to live longer and 8 healthier l

19、ives.For people in developing countries, clean water can change many things, 9 especially improve their health. So, from now on, lets 10 avoid wasting water and take actions to save water, which is important to people all over the world.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在发展中国家使用清洁水源对于提高人们健康水平很重要。以此呼吁全世界的人们一起来节约用水

20、，保护水资源。【答案精析】1spend此空后面是名词词组“several hours”，可确定此空填动词，由“spend时间段(in) doing sth.”结构确定选spend。注意要用一般现在时。 主语“women and girls”是复数，谓语要用动词原形。故填spend。2influences空格后的“health”是名词，确定此空填动词，由上文内容及“The polluted water”可知此处表示，污水或多或少“影响”了健康，应填influence。主语“The polluted water”是不可数名词，谓语要用第三人称单数。故填influences。3to improve空

21、格后的“health”是名词，确定此空填动词，由下文“Having access to clean water changed her life.”和“The girl really want her family to live longer.”可知干净的水能改善健康状况，选择填improve。注意正确答案要填to improve，用动词不定式短语表示“have access to clean water”的目的。4importance由“of handwashing”可知此空要填名词。再由“when the school first received clean water”可知此处表示，

22、她了解了洗手的重要性。故填importance。5unless既然了解了洗手的重要性，她肯定就要求父亲“如果你不洗手的话就不要和我一起吃饭”。故填unless。6angry在was后面确定填形容词。由下文“shouted at her”可知父亲生气了。故填angry。7refused由“In protest”可知她拒绝吃饭。注意要用一般过去时。故填refused。8healthier连词“and”连接两个并列成分，由“longer”确定此空要填形容词的比较级。结合空格前内容可知此处表示“生活的长久且健康”。故填healthy的比较级healthier。9especially由“clean wa

23、ter can change many things”可知这里是特指改善健康状况。故填especially。10avoid由“take actions to save water”可知是避免浪费水。lets后接动词原形。故填avoid。.阅读理解A 拯救大堡礁The worlds largest reef(礁), the Great Barrier Reef, has lost more than half of its coral(珊瑚) cover in the past 30 years because of global(全球的) warming. The beauty of the

24、Australian reef has been left lifeless.Scientists have been trying to find ways to save it, and now they may have found a special helping handvolcanoes(火山)During a volcano eruption(喷发), wherever hot lava(岩浆) goes, villages and plants are burned right down to the ground. How could it possibly save li

25、fe on Earth?When the lava goes into the ocean, it quickly cools down and becomes light rocks(岩石) that can float(漂浮) in the water. For example, shortly after the 2006 eruption of a volcano near Tonga, a southwest Pacific island, scientists found many large rocks floating on the ocean. These rocks tra

26、veled a long way from the island to Australia over the next eight months.But they didnt just float during this timethey acted like little lifeboats. Scientists found that the rocks “picked up” more than 80 kinds of corals, crabs(蟹) and other little animals on their way, before arriving at the Great

27、Barrier Reef.Once near the reef, these animal “passengers” can easily jump onto the rock and go to their new home. “Its like a boat of people landing on an island，” Judith Winston, a biologist at the Virginia Museum of Natural History, US, told Scientific American.Since volcanoes have been on Earth

28、for all of history, scientists say these “lifeboats” might have even helped form the Great Barrier Reef in the first place.(A)1.What problem does the Great Barrier Reef face?AThere is less and less coral cover because of global warming.BIt lies in an area with volcanoes happening now and then.CThere

29、 are no living things on the Great Barrier Reef.DThe Great Barrier Reef is getting smaller and smaller.(B)2.What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 4?AA volcano.BThe lava. CA light rock. DA plant.(D)3.Which of the following is True?AVillages and plants are burned right down to the g

30、round before hot lava comes.BLots of little animals climb onto the huge light rocks in the villages.CLava goes into the ocean before the eruption of a volcano.DAnimals move to their new home through the rocks floating on the ocean.(B)4.What would be the best title for the passage?AThe beauty of the

31、Great Barrier Reef is going away.BVolcanoes can help the Great Barrier Reef become lively again.CGlobal warming has a bad influence on the Great Barrier Reef.DSave volcanoes, save the Great Barrier Reef.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。闻名世界的大堡礁正由于全球变暖的原因而失去了多半的珊瑚覆盖率。近来，科学家在试图拯救大堡礁的过程中发现，火山喷发将成为挽救它的新帮手。【答案精析】1A细节理解题。由

32、第一段中的“the Great Barrier Reef, has lost more than half of its coral(珊瑚) cover in the past 30 years because of global warming.”可知，由于全球变暖，大堡礁正面临着失去珊瑚的危险。故选A。2B单词指代题。由画线单词所在句的前半句“When the lava goes into the ocean”和后半句中的“becomes light rocks”可知it是指“岩浆”。故选B。3D推理判断题。由第四、五段内容可知，岩石在海面漂浮的漫长过程中，有80多种珊瑚、蟹及其他小动物寄

33、居在岩石上；最后岩石漂到大堡礁，小动物也就到达了新家。由此可推断D项是正确的。4B标题概括题。本文前三段主要介绍了新发现，又通过后面四段内容详细阐述了火山是如何成为挽救大堡礁的新帮手。故选B。B 请先阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后根据短文内容从下面方框内的七个选项中，选择五个还原到文中，使短文意思通顺、结构完整。How to protect yourself in the earthquake?Many earthquakes happen every year. Some of these earthquakes are very strong. When they happen in ci

34、ties, they can be very serious. 1_B_ Knowing some ways to protect yourself will help to keep you safe in the earthquake.If you are indoors when the earthquake happens, the safest place is under a strong table or desk. 2_F_ Remember to protect your head and neck with your arms. Stay away from windows

35、, tall furniture and pictures or anything that may fall on you. Do not try to run out of the building.If you are out of doors, move to clear areas. 3_A_ Be very careful of fallen power lines.The danger is not over when the strong shaking stops. 4_G_ We call them aftershocks and they sometimes can be

36、 more dangerous than the first earthquake.5_D_ Some may need help. You may feel afraid, but you should try to stay calm(镇静). That is the most important thing to do in the earthquake.AGet away from buildings and trees.BMany people will be hurt or die in the earthquakes.CIt is said that there has been

37、 a big earthquake in Italy.DWhen it is safe for you to move around, check the people near you.EThe earthquake caused many buildings to fall down.FSitting on the floor in a doorway or close to a wall is safer than standing in the middle of a room.GThere will be some shocks(震动) after most earthquakes.

38、【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章主要向我们介绍了在地震中如何保护自己。【答案精析】1B由前句的“When they happen in cities, they can be very serious.”和后句的“Knowing some ways to protect yourself will help to keep you safe in the earthquake.”可知B项“在地震中许多人会受伤或死亡”符合语境。2F由前句中的“the safest place is under a strong table or desk”可知这里是说地震时室内的安全躲避场所。故选F。3A由前句

39、“If you are out of doors, move to clear areas.”可知这里是说如果你在室外，地震时要远离大树和建筑物。故选A。4G由后句“We call them aftershocks and they sometimes can be more dangerous than the first earthquake.”可知此空和余震有关。故选G。5D由后句“Some may need help.”可知D项“当你安全时，看看你周围的人”符合上下文语境。故选D。.补全对话请阅读下面对话，根据对话内容补上所缺的句子，使对话通顺、合理，意思完整。(每空一句)Kate：Y

40、oure late today! 1_I_have_waited_here_for_twenty_minutes/a_long_time.Paul：Im really sorry to keep you waiting for so long. I had to wait for a bus for a long time.Kate：Why didnt you drive your car？2_Its_faster_than_taking_a_bus./Driving_a_car_is_faster_than_taking_a_bus.Paul：Although driving a car i

41、s faster than taking a bus, I wont drive unless it is necessary. Kate：Really? 3_But_why？/Why?Paul：Because I think its our duty to care for our environment.Kate：You have changed a lot. 4_What_made_you_do_that？/What_did_you_do?_Paul：I joined a volunteer clubGreen Helper. The environmental problem is becoming more and more serious. It is time to take actions to protect th