骏泽电梯公司库存管理合理化建设探讨 文献及翻译

本科毕业设计（论文）外文参考文献译文及原文学院经济管理学院专业工商管理年级班别学号学生姓名指导教师年月日目录1什么是库存管理12WHATISTHEINVENTORYMANAGEMENT53库存控制104INVENTORYCONTROL15560天库存精度管理216INVENTORYACCURACYIN60DAYS241什么是库存管理DRHERMANNGRUENWALD公司过去常常用库存的规模来测量他们的实力，认为越大越好。仓库中巨大的贮存量能够有效地保证装配线和产品在面对任何困难下都不会停顿，谁会去关心储存成本它们会在增长的销售中被抵消。但现在这种平衡被改变了。降低库存量是最快降低工作资金需求量的一种方法。工作状况的测定，比如以前的ROA（资产收益率）和新的EVA（经济效益增值），以及其他测量方法都可以作为标准来确定使用多少的资金是最有效率的，这些都越来越普遍地被G1237G1006使用。实G19481G990，G5468多G7114G1517对一G1022工作的G3882G2181G14279少在一方面G2474G1927G1122G5602G7691有效率地使用资金，G5326G16786G20652效的资金使用率能G17817G17907G9397G17287变G2282的G4470G6155需求，使G5483G16758G17147G713G1998G17147G2620G7411越来越G11713，这些都是G1332G6373G6124G5468多其他G1237G1006G6164需G16213的。G1554G7024经济及其G5859G1053在大G14551G3272下，G13666G3281的G2842G1006成G2163G1055G3800在G1122它G6164G4559求的G1554G7024G5347G17828作，但G1972G1058G6164有的公司G1186G20G28G27G20G16G20G28G28G20G5192G7411G19400都在增G2164库存，G1000在过去的G20G19G5192G18336G11487不G2052G1172G1052经济效益G990G6564G20652，库存在G20G28G28G21G2052G21G19G19G19G5192G19400保G6357在G2356G42G39G51的G22G17G27G705，G1186G2058G17908G2842G2052G20042G4630G1391G5224G13785G1889G2052G5225G4630G1391G5224G13785，库存在G1391G5224G19154中被降低，但好过被消G9793。G1042G1375来G16840，G17902用公司，改G17839库存G2620G7411，用平G3355库存来测量销售G2842品的G5647库存，以G5483G2052一G1022有G1227值的G6363标，在G20G28G28G25G16G21G19G19G20G5192G19400，公司售G1998G2356其G5647库存G24G24G17G21G705的产品G6164G14731G5483的效G7536是最好的，G9994G13792，G16825公司G1391G5224G17730G13986，G7118G11439的G5192G5242，在G2528G7411它的库存降G14279G21G20G705，G6454G2489G16817G16840，下G4630G1391G5224G2842不G5088G7407G11053G11540G1699G17902用和G8791G4584G10607这G7691的大G21647G9914给自己。库存管理理论库存及其管理理论每一G1022公司都有但是没有人承认它们，库存管理理论是真正G5859G1053G990的跨学科和跨区G19400理论，包括财务，管理会计，G17828筹学和物流，以下是对库存控G2058和理论的一些G11487法库存动机库存维G6357G1391给与需求的平衡；库存是G1391G5224临界点的缓冲器；G1391G5224G13785G713G14731G2474；G14731G2474G713产品产品G713销售销售G713分配分配G713中G19400G2842中G19400G2842G713消费G13785库存允许规模经济购买G17828输G2058G17908G1237G1006都有G11540不G2528的原因G6357有库存，库存在G1391给与需求波动中和消除G1391G5224G19154系统错误方面扮演G11540缓冲器的角色，理顺G1332的G1391G5224G19154G17828作和使G1332更好地去预测G1332需G16213维G6357的最低库存，除非G1332是G17902过规模经济的购买，G17828输，G2058G17908来G14731利的。库存的G14551G3272原材料库存在G2058品库存完成品库存有三种类型的库存，过多的库存对G1332来G16840没有好G3800除非G1332因为季节性、生产正常G17828作，防止缺G17147或改G17839G4470G6155G9397G5859G5242这些原因来G6357有库存。库存的种类G2620G7411性库存；在G17828库存；安全（缓冲）库存；投机性库存；季节性库存；呆滞库存；如G7536需求量和G16758G17147G7114G19400不变，单G2620G7411库存是必须的。在G17828库存G17902常是G6363正在船G990G17828输G13792未能在目的地使用，在G17828库存能够G17902过G6564G20652G17828输模G5347的G17907G5242来减少。安全（缓冲）库存是为了G9397G17287不确定需求和延迟G7114G19400的库存，维G6357投机性库存的的原因不G2528G1122G9397G17287确定的需求，常常用来G14731G5483规模经济效益或G9397G17287季节性库存需求，呆滞库存包括市场对其没有需求或G13785是已经变坏的物品。库存管理状态确定性；不确定性；如经济学的课本和G1022案研究中G6164描述的，G17902过经济定购批量（EOQ）模型这一方法来使G5483库存G5647成本和定G17147成本最小G2282是最好的方法2PDEOQCVG51G16758G17147成本（/次）G39G5192需求量（数量单位）CG5192库存成本（产品成本的百分比）V单位库存成本（/件）这一公G5347能够调整G5647额折扣和需G16213增G2164的补给量，在任何条件下都适用。大多数情况下我们都不在一G1022理想的环境下工作，经常会面对不确定性，生命G1075是经常会因一些G5506不G17287G17959的G1119情G13792G13479G7475，因G8504，G1332G5224G5415G9921G15947G1122G11487一些G17828作管理的G1082和G6226方法计G12651补G17147G2620G7411、安全库存和G13984G12175G2620G7411的标准G1571G5058。低效库存管理的G15932现不G7041增G2164的G1119G2530命G1208不G7041增G2164的G2474消命G1208不G7041增G2164的G17832品数量G20652的G20050G4470流G17728率大量的G6265G5235G2842品G7411性缺G1059库存G12366G19400如G7536G1332的G1119G2530命G1208在不G7041增G2164以及有G7114G1332不G5483不去G2474消命G1208G1332G4613G11705G17959G1332有G19394G20076了，G1332的G17832品数量增G2164G4613是G17882G2533物流增G2164，以及G1332G4570会G3845去G20050G4470，G12227G13870的G5235G5335物品会G2356用其他物品的G12366G19400使G5483库存G12366G19400不G17287，G1332必须面对这些库存G1461G2507，但他们可能是G11013大G14551G3272中的一G18108分G17908成的。降低库存G8712平的方法前G13634G7114G19400分G7524；G1144G17147G7114G19400分G7524；消除低G2620G17728产品；消除G6265G5235品包装规模分G7524；分G7524G13479G7512折扣；G7828G7609G17876G17147G2842品G12255G5219；G5224单位维G6357库存（G54G46G56）测量补G17147G20069率；分G7524消费G13785需求；G20G19、G6564G20652库存预测；G20G20、改G17839买G2346G2464方的G11017G4388数G6466G1144G6454。以G990G4570的库存G8712平的G5326G16770是G6564G20652库存管理理论方法的一G18108分库存管理系统/分G7524AG37C分G7524法；库存预测；G16758单G3800理系统；G1237G1006资G9316计G2022；G11017G4388数G6466G1144G6454；G11705G16794管理系统；G1391G5224G2842库存管理；AG37C分G7524法是G7693G6466物品的G18337G16213性/收益率来对其G17839G15904分类的工G1867（A类物资比G37类物资G18337G16213，G1393G8504类G6524），以G1227值为G1393G6466来分类是AG37C分类法的G3534本方法，G6238G14403好的销售预测和G1820G17839的G16758G17147G3800理系统作为市场计G2022的一G18108分可以降低库存，G1237G1006资G9316规G2022G11ERG51G12系统和G1237G1006G11705G16794管理G11G46G48G12系统，如G54AG51G4570消除库存G12227G2399及资G16771滞G11053和G1431G17839G1461G5699G1861G1151。G20652G4630管理人G2604可以G11487G2052G1391G5224G2842管理库存G11VG48G44G12作为一种G3818在的库存G19394G20076。但都必须非常小心G15因为它需G16213G2524G1261人G1055G19400有G20652G5242的G17891G7138G5242和一G1319G2282。G4613G1699G4142G4047一G7691在G15600G7388G7411有G5468多好G3800，但是G13984G2530G1075G19556G15267G11540G7126G17161的G12175G4142G2373G19517。库存是G11468对现金来G16840一种低效的投资，但G1075必须G17810G2052一定的G7393务G8712平，保G6357适G5415数量和种类的库存是必G16213的G15以为G1332的G20050G4470G6564G1391G20652G17148量的产品G15及G7114的G7393务和产品。防止缺G17147G15需G16213一G1022G1017G7696的过G12255和G1461G5699系统G15以动态地维G6357这一平衡，G1260G2282库存量的G1016G1022关G19202是改G17839G4470G6155可G19764性和G9397G17287G20050G4470需求来使G5483成本有效，以使库存G2030好G2052G17810准G7114和G17287量G8712平。2WHATISINVENTORYMANAGEMENTDRHERMANNGRUENWALDCOMPANIESUSEDTOMEASURETHEIRMUSCLEBYTHESIZEOFTHEIRINVENTORYBIGGERWASBETTERVASTWAREHOUSESFILLEDTOCAPACITYENSUREDEFFICIENTASSEMBLYLINESANDGUARANTEEDTHAT,COMEHELLORHIGHWATER,PRODUCTIONWOULDNEVERSTOPWHOCAREDABOUTCARRYINGCOSTSTHEYWOULDBEERASEDBYINCREASEDSALESBUTNOWTHATEQUATIONHASCHANGEDLOWERINGINVENTORIESISONEOFTHEQUICKESTWAYSTODECREASEWORKINGCAPITALNEEDSPERFORMANCEMEASUREMENTS,SUCHASTHEOLDSTANDBYROARETURNONASSETSANDTHENEWEREVAECONOMICVALUEADDED,ASWELLASOTHERMEASURESTHATGAUGEHOWEFFICIENTLYCAPITALISUSED,HAVEBECOMEMORECOMMONORGANIZATIONALDRIVERSINFACT,MANYTIMESANEXECUTIVESBONUSDEPENDS,ATLEASTINPART,ONHOWEFFICIENTLYCAPITALISUSEDCOUPLETHEDRIVEFOREFFICIENTCAPITALUSEWITHTHENEEDTORESPONDMOREQUICKLYTOCHANGESINCUSTOMERDEMAND,WITHSHORTERANDSHORTERORDERTODELIVERYCYCLETIMES,ANDYOUHAVEAPROBLEMTHATISCHALLENGINGMANYORGANIZATIONSLEANERANDMEANERINTHEBIGPICTURE,AMERICANBUSINESSHASSUCCEEDEDINITSQUESTTORUNLEANBUTALMOSTALLTHESEGAINSININVENTORYREDUCTIONHAPPENEDFROM1981TO1991,ANDTHEPAST10YEARSHAVENOTSEENMUCHIMPROVEMENTINVENTORYASAPERCENTOFGDPHELDSTEADYAT38PERCENTFROM1992TO2000RATHERTHANBEINGELIMINATED,INVENTORYHASBEENPUSHEDDOWNINTOTHELOWERREACHESOFTHESUPPLYCHAIN,FROMMANUFACTURERSTOTOPTIERSUPPLIERSTOLOWERTIERSUPPLIERSGM,FOREXAMPLE,IMPROVEDINVENTORYTURNS,ACOMMONMETRICTHATMEASURESTOTALCOSTOFGOODSSOLDDIVIDEDBYAVERAGEINVENTORY,ANDSERVESASAVALUABLEINDICATIONOFHOWOFTENACOMPANYSELLSOUTITSINVENTORYTHEHIGHERTHEBETTER552PERCENTBETWEEN1996AND2001HOWEVER,THECOMPANYTHATSUPPLIESITSTIRES,GOODYEAR,SAWITSINVENTORYTURNSDECLINE21PERCENTDURINGTHATSAMETIMEINOTHERWORDS,LOWERTIERSUPPLIERSARELEFTHOLDINGTHEBAGFORTHEBIGBOYSLIKEGMANDWALMARTINVENTORYMANAGEMENTTHEORYINVENTORYANDTHEMANAGEMENTTHEREOFBELONGTOEVERYONEINTHECOMPANYBUTNOBODYWANTSTOOWNITINVENTORYMANAGEMENTISTRULYINTERDISCIPLINARYANDSPANSFROMFINANCIALANDMANAGERIALACCOUNTING,TOOPERATIONSRESEARCH,MATERIALHANDLINGTOLOGISTICSTHEFOLLOWINGISAQUICKOVERVIEWOFINVENTORYCONTROL/MANAGEMENTTERMINOLOGYANDTHEORYREASONSFORHOLDINGINVENTORYINVENTORYBALANCESSUPPLYANDDEMANDINVENTORYACTSASABUFFERBETWEENCRITICALSUPPLYCHAININTERFACESSUPPLIERPROCUREMENTPROCUREMENTPRODUCTIONPRODUCTIONMARKETINGMARKETINGDISTRIBUTIONDISTRIBUTIONINTERMEDIARYINTERMEDIARYUSERINVENTORYALLOWSFORECONOMIESOFSCALEINPURCHASINGTRANSPORTATIONMANUFACTURINGTHEREAREVARIOUSREASONSFORHOLDINGINVENTORYINVENTORYACTSASABUFFERBETWEENSUPPLYANDDEMANDFLUCTUATIONSANDIRONSOUTSUPPLYCHAINSYSTEMFAILURESTHESMOOTHERYOURSUPPLYCHAINOPERATESANDTHEBETTERYOUAREABLETOFORECASTTHELESSINVENTORYYOUHAVETOHOLD,UNLESSYOUGAINSOMEECONOMIESOFSCALEINPURCHASING,TRANSPORTATIONANDORMANUFACTURINGCATEGORIESOFINVENTORYRAWMATERIALINVENTORYWORKINPROGRESSINVENTORYFINISHEDGOODSINVENTORYTHEREARETHREECATEGORIESOFINVENTORYTOOMUCHINEITHERMAYBEABADTHINGUNLESSYOUHAVEREASONSFORITSUCHASSEASONALITY,PRODUCTIONRUNS,ANDPREVENTIONOFSTOCKOUTSORIMPROVEMENTOFCUSTOMERSATISFACTIONLEVELSTYPESOFINVENTORY/STOCKCYCLESTOCKINTRANSITSTOCKSAFETYORBUFFERSTOCKSPECULATIVESTOCKSEASONALSTOCKDEADSTOCKIFDEMANDANDLEADTIMEISCONSTANT,ONLYCYCLESTOCKISNECESSARYINTRANSITINVENTORYISUSUALLYACCOUNTEDFORONTHEPLACEOFSHIPMENTASITISNOTAVAILABLEATTHEDESTINATIONINTRANSITSTOCKCANBEREDUCEDTHROUGHFASTERMODESOFTRANSPORTATIONSAFETYORBUFFERSTOCKISARESULTOFUNCERTAINTYOFDEMANDANDLEADTIMESPECULATIVESTOCKISINVENTORYHELDFORREASONSOTHERTHANSATISFYINGCURRENTDEMAND,OFTENACQUIREDTOREACHECONOMIESOFSCALEORTOGENERATESEASONALSTOCKDEADSTOCKINCLUDESITEMSFORWHICHNODEMANDHASBEENREGISTEREDANDMAYBECOMEOBSOLETEINVENTORYMANAGEMENTCONDITIONSCERTAINTYUNCERTAINTYINAPERFECTWORLDASDESCRIBEDINBUSINESSSCHOOLTEXTBOOKSANDCASESTUDIESONEMANAGESINAWORLDOFCERTAINTYANDTHEBESTORDERINGPOLICYCANBEDETERMINEDBYMINIMIZINGTHETOTALOFINVENTORYCARRYINGCOSTSANDORDERINGCOSTSUSINGTHEECONOMICORDERQUANTITYEOQMODEL2PDEOQCVPORDERINGCOST/ORDERDANNUALDEMANDNUMBEROFUNITSCANNUALINVENTORYCARRYINGCOSTOFPRODUCTCOSTVAVERAGECOSTOFONEUNITOFINVENTORY/UNITTHISFORMULACANBEADJUSTEDFORVOLUMEDISCOUNTSANDINCREMENTALREPLENISHMENT,ASWELLASOTHERCONDITIONSMOSTOFUSDONTWORKINAPLACECALLEDPERFECT,ANDAREFACINGUNCERTAINTIESLIFEENDSUPTHROWINGMONKEYWRENCHESINTOTHEPRODUCTIONOFWIDGETSFORTHOSEOFYOUWHOLOVEMATHLOOKATTHEOPERATIONSMANAGEMENTLITERATUREANDYOUWILLFINDWAYSTOCALCULATEFILLRATES,SAFETYSTOCK,ANDSTANDARDDEVIATIONOFREPLENISHMENTCYCLESSYMPTOMSOFPOORINVENTORYMANAGEMENTINCREASINGNUMBEROFBACKORDERSINCREASINGCANCELLEDORDERSINCREASINGNUMBERSOFRETURNSHIGHCUSTOMERTURNOVERRATELARGENUMBEROFOBSOLETEITEMSPERIODICLACKOFSTORAGESPACEYOUKNOWYOUHAVEAPROBLEMIFYOURBACKORDERSCONTINUETOINCREASEANDATTHESAMETIMEYOUAREFACEDWITHINCREASINGCANCELLEDORDERSREVERSELOGISTICSMAYBETASKINGASWELLASYOURNUMBEROFRETURNSINCREASE,ANDYOUENDUPLOOSINGCUSTOMERS,WHILEACCUMULATINGOBSOLETEITEMSWHICHAMONGOTHERTHINGSMAYLEADTOLACKOFSTORAGESPACEYOUMAYFACETHESEINVENTORYSYMPTOMS,BUTTHECAUSESMAYBEPARTOFTHEBIGGERPICTUREWAYSTOREDUCEINVENTORYLEVELSLEADTIMEANALYSISDELIVERYTIMEANALYSISELIMINATELOWTURNOVERITEMSELIMINATEOBSOLETEITEMSANALYSISOFPACKAGESIZEANALYSISOFDISCOUNTSTRUCTUREEXAMINERETURNEDGOODSPROCEDURESMEASUREMENTOFFILLRATEBYSTOCKKEEPINGUNITSKUANALYSISOFCUSTOMERDEMANDIMPROVEFORECASTINGIMPROVEELECTRONICDATAINTERCHANGEWITHVENDORS/SUPPLIERSTHEABOVEMENTIONEDWAYSTOREDUCEINVENTORYLEVELSSHOULDBEPARTOFASYSTEMAPPROACHTOIMPROVINGINVENTORYMANAGEMENTINVENTORYMANAGEMENTSYSTEMS/ANALYSISABCANALYSISFORECASTINGADVANCEDORDERPROCESSINGSYSTEMSENTERPRISERESOURCEPLANNINGERPELECTRONICDATAINTERCHANGEEDIKNOWLEDGEMANAGEMENTKMSYSTEMSVENDORMANAGEDINVENTORYVMIABCANALYSISISATOOLTOCLASSIFYITEMSACCORDINGTOTHEIRRELATIVEIMPORTANCE/PROFITABILITYCATEGORYAITEMSAREMOREIMPORTANTTHANCATEGORYBITEMS,ANDSOONADISTRIBUTIONBYVALUEREPORTUSUALLYFORMSTHEBASISOFANABCANALYSISBETTERSALESFORECASTINGANDADVANCEDORDERPROCESSINGSYSTEMSASPARTOFALARGERMARKETINGPLANWILLREDUCEINVENTORYANDENTERPRISERESOURCEPLANNINGERPSYSTEMSUCHASSAPWILLELIMINATESTOVEPIPESANDINFORMATIONSILOSANDCONTRIBUTETOINFORMATIONSHARINGALONGWITHACOMPANYKNOWLEDGEMANAGEMENTKMSYSTEMTOPMANAGEMENTMAYSEEVENDORMANAGEDINVENTORYVMIASAWAYTOOUTSOURCETHEINVENTORYPROBLEMBUTONEHASTOBECAREFULASITREQUIRESAHIGHDEGREEOFTRANSPARENCYANDINTEGRATIONBETWEENTHEPARTNERSSUCHAMARRIAGEMAYBRINGALOTOFBENEFITSDURINGTHEHONEYMOONPERIODBUTALSOMAYHAVEACOSTLYDIVORCELURKINGINTHEBACKGROUNDINVENTORYISAPOORINVESTMENTALTERNATIVEFORCASH,BUTIMPERATIVETOACHIEVEREQUIREDSERVICELEVELSMAINTAININGTHEAPPROPRIATELEVELSANDTYPESOFINVENTORYISESSENTIALTOPROVIDINGQUALITY,TIMELYSERVICEANDPRODUCTSTOYOURCUSTOMERSPREVENTINGSTOCKOUTSWITHOUTOVERSTOCKINGPRODUCTSREQUIRESADISCIPLINEDPROCESSANDINFORMATIONSYSTEMTHATCANDYNAMICALLYMANAGETHISBALANCETWOOFTHEKEYSTOOPTIMIZINGINVENTORIESARETOIMPROVERELIABILITYANDREDUCEVARIABILITYINTHESUPPLYCHAINTOMEETYOURCUSTOMERSDEMANDWHILEBEINGCOSTEFFECTIVETOORDERJUSTINTIMEANDJUSTENOUGH3库存控制JEBEASLEY库存的G3534本G2163能G4613是使生产过G12255G17840G12175环境变G2282G17908成的G5445G2721，如下G328231G6164G12046G328231库存G2163能在G8504G16840G7138，G15441G9994本G7003我们G2494G9053及G2052G2058G17908G1006的库存，G13792其他G1237G1006G1075有G11540库存，比如G19146G15904G18336可用的库存现金分配给G4470G6155，一G1022区G3507的警察储备等等。有一点值G5483注G5859的是，G1186G990G3282G11487G1998大多数活动都是一种成本G2494是它在最终点（销售最终产品）G7114我们用来抵消我们的成本和G5088G7407以G8504G14731G5483利润（收入G713成本）。因G8504如G7536我们计G12651成本G5647G1227值，我们G4613需G16213G9053及G2052库存的有效性，效率性和经济形G5347（我习惯称G1055为3ES）随G2530产生的G19394G20076是我们G5224G16825G6357有多少库存库存控G2058理论G4613是试G3282回答这G7691一G1022简单的G19394G20076。对这G1022G19394G20076有G1016G1022极端的回答1、大量库存确保我们生产不会中G7041；A1A0A2A3A4A6A5A7A3A4A9A8A11A9A7A3A4A1A0A2A12A10A14A15A13A3A4A17A18A16A19A7A14A21A20A3A4A17A23A22A5A24这是一种管理库存的简单方法；这G7691会是G7126G17161的库存成本，低廉的管理成本。2、没有/非常少库存G1699准G7114G2058（JIT）一G7691有效率；是一种困难的管理库存方法；这G7691会是低廉的库存成本和G20652G7126的管理成本；G1927定完成品库存；G1927定一G1022生产过G12255中产品的规模。我们G5224G16825考虑的是定购原材料的G19394G20076，但是G11468G2528的G3534本理论G1075能够G5224用在以下G19394G20076G990我们需G16213考虑成本是为了我们能够G17902过如下的库存维G6357成本和G16758G17147（收G17147）成本来G1927定库存数量。在这G18336G6363G1998，习惯地，管理成本是可以忽略的。1、维G6357成本G713随G11540库存的增G2164G13792增G2164储存成本租借费/折旧劳动力费用一般管理费用（比如保温、照G7138、安全管理费）资金G2356用（机会成本损G3845）无形损耗费（如G7536G1889生产末G7411还剩下库存）库存老G2282（如G7536库存物资在保存G7114老G2282G13792损耗的资金）防盗/保G19517费2、G16758G17147成本G713随G11540G16758G17147和收G17147次数增G2164G13792增G2164定G17147过G12255中的记录/人工成本G7828G7609和G17832修低G17148量产品G17828输成本G16758G17147手续费在这G18336G6363G1998G5415我们的存G17147不G17287以G1391G5224给G4470G6155G7114G4613会发生存G17147G11713缺现象，G17902常库存G11713缺发生在G16758G17147的前G13634G7114G19400，这G1022G7114G19400是G6363作G1998G16758G17147G6363G1208G14279G2052G17147这一段G7114G19400。发生缺G17147G7114可能会完全G3845去G4470G6155或G13785G4470G6155会选择G17876定，G1075G4613是G16840，我们G16213准备充G17287的库存来G9397G17287G4470G6155的G16758G17147G16213求。在这G18336G6363G1998，G15441G9994在理念G990我们G11705G17959成本与这些因素有关，但是却G5468难G5483G2052一G1022适G5415G2524理的库存G6363数（G1042G1375来G16840，如G7536产品存储在一幢有多种使用目的的大楼G18336，我们G5224G5415G5602G7691去G2524理安G13634保温/照G7138/保安成本）G17902过考虑以下简单的模型来G1927定我们的库存G8712平G3534本模型在这G1022G3534本模型我们G16786想G3800G1122以下情形1、我们的公司G1186一G1022G3818G18108G1391G5224G2842那G18336G16758G17147；2、G3818G18108G1391G5224G2842G2030好能够G6564G1391我们G6164需的定G17147数量；3、我们的库存产品流G17902G2052G4470G6155（无论是在一G1022G11468G2528公司的G3818G18108G4470G6155还是内G18108G4470G6155（G1375如定购在生长过G12255中使用的原材料）。假想1、库存以一G1022G6357续的G17907率消耗；2、每次G16758G17147的成本固定为COG713常常称G1055为G16758G17147成本；3、G1186发G1998G16758G17147命G1208G2052G17147物G2052G17810没有前G13634G7114G19400；4、每单位每G5192的储存可变成本为CH；5、G9994G2530我们必须确定每次G16758G17147的数量Q，常常称G1055为定购批量。在这些假G16786条件下随G11540G7114G19400的G6524移可以G5483G2052如G328232的库存G8712平Q0A3A4A26A27A28A25A29A30A31A32A33A34A35A36A37A380A39A40A41A42A43A44A45A46A47A34A35A4832A49A50A51A3A4A52A53考虑在G990G3282Q/2G3800G2022一条线，如G7536G1332G2022这条线G4613能清楚地G15932G12046G5415库存量在Q/2附近波动G7114，G8504G7114的库存量是G3355衡的，G6454G2489G16817G16840，我们G2528G7691可以认为G990G3282G15932G12046随G11540G7114G19400的G6524移库存量G6357续维G6357在Q/2的G8712平G990。因G8504我们可以G5483G2052G5192库存成本CHQ/2Q/2是平G3355库存G8712平G5192定G17147成本COR/Q（RG5192G5647需求量，Q定购量）R/Q是G6363每G5192的G16758G17147次数G6164以G5192库存G5647成本CHQ/2COR/Q我们可以G17902过选择一G1022最G2524适的Q值来实现G5192库存G5647成本最小在这G18336G6363G1998，显G9994地，G17839G17147成本与R单位每G5192有关，G9994G13792R是一G1022G6357续不变的固定值，G6164以我们在这G18336可以忽略它。G328233库存成本曲线G990G3282G1042G1375G16840G7138了G1016G1022G18108分（G5192维G6357成本和G5192G16758G17147成本）的改变对Q，G16758G17147数量的改变，随G11540Q的增G2164，维G6357成本在增G2164，但是G16758G17147成本却在下降，因G8504G5647成本曲线如G328223G6164G12046，曲线G990的一G1022Q值能够实现最小G5647成本。我们能够视Q为0G7114来区分G5647成本以准确地计G12651G1998哪一G1022Q值能够实现最小G5647成本，成本最小G2282公G5347DG5647成本/DQCH/2COR/Q0使G5483Q2COR/CH因G8504最G1260定购量Q（G5647定购量G5647库存量）如下G6164G12046Q2RCO/CH05这G1022G4613成为经济定购批量（EOQ）注释1、EOQ公G5347被认为是起G9316与十二十世纪初的大规模的装配线生产G7114G7411。2、G1186G5192库存G5647成本与EOQ有关我们可以G6238公G5347Q2RCO/CH05代入G5192G5647库存成本CHQ/2COR/Q中，G1186G13792G5483G2052以下G5192G5647成本公G5347CH2RCO/CH05/2COR/2RCO/CH05RCOCH/205RCOCH/2052RCOCH05因G8504G5192库存G5647成本是2RCOCH05G4613G5859味G11540G5415定购最佳数量（EOQ），其G5647成本G4613与一些有关因素R,COANDCH的乘G12227的平方G7693成比G1375。比如，如G7536我们降低四G1022因素中的其中一G1022因素CO，我们G4613能降低G5647成本中一G1022因素的G1016倍，（EOQG1075是G2528G7691G17959理），实G19481G990准G7114G2058生产（JIT）的G3534本原理G1075是在G1122（不G7041地）减少CO和CH以致G1122降低整G1022成本。3、回G2052管理成本被忽略这一G19394G20076，如G7536我们考虑G990G3282的G5647成本曲线可G11705其G3534本理G11013是G713假如我们不G6524G15904政策使G5483Q非常低（JIT）或Q非常G20652G713我们可以G16840管理成本整G2524在一G1022固定的广G1053G990的Q值G18336面，如G7536是这G7691的G16817,那G1052这些费用G4570不G5445G2721G1927定采用G1172G1052G16758G17147量Q最G2524适，G8504G3818，如G7536我们需G16213数量G990更G2164接近，我们需G16213一些能力来确定G11013G8504招致的管理成本和定购批量QG1055G19400的关系G713估计这是一G1022不可能的任务。4INVENTORYCONTROLJEBEASLEYTHEBASICFUNCTIONOFSTOCKINVENTORYISTOINSULATETHEPRODUCTIONPROCESSFROMCHANGESINTHEENVIRONMENTASSHOWNBELOWNOTEHERETHATALTHOUGHWEREFERINTHISNOTETOMANUFACTURING,OTHERINDUSTRIESALSOHAVESTOCKEGTHESTOCKOFMONEYINABANKAVAILABLETOBEDISTRIBUTEDTOCUSTOMERS,THESTOCKOFPOLICEMENINANAREA,ETCONEPOINTTONOTEFROMTHEABOVEDIAGRAMISTHATMOSTOFTHEACTIVITIESAREACOSTITISONLYATTHEFINALPOINTSALESOFFINISHEDGOODSTHATWEGETREVENUETOSETAGAINSTOURCOSTSANDHOPEFULLYMAKEAPROFITREVENUECOSTHENCEIFWEHAVECOSTASSOCIATEDWITHSTOCKWENEEDTODEALWITHTHATSTOCKINANEFFECTI