考研2010年英语真题答案详细解析——并附有阅读a原文翻译、作文范文.doc

新浪考研2010年英语真题解析完形填空1选A主谓搭配词义搭配解析文章首句提出IN1924AMERICASNATIONALRESEARCHCOUNCILSENTTWOENGINEERSTOSUPERVISEASERIESOFINDUSTRIALEXPERIMENTSATALARGETELEPHONEPARTSFACTORYCALLEDTHEHAWTHORNEPLANTNEARCHICAGO第二句是要说明这个实验的目的。A项AFFECT意思是“影响，感动”；BACHIEVE意思是“达成，完成”；CEXTRACT意思是“提取，榨出”；DRESTORE是“恢复，重建”该句的意思是他们想通过实验探究车间照明是如何影响工人的生产率的，所以答案是A从后面关于工厂女工的描述来看也应该选AFFECT。2选B动词短语固定搭配解析本题考查了固定短语ENDUP的用法，ENDUP意思是“最终成为”，END和其它三个介词的搭配都无此意，故选B3选C解析本句的大意为研究最终总结为一个极具影响力的概念“霍桑效应”，也正是这一实验研究的行为改变了工人们的行为表现。所以这里应选择C4选B解析本句后面的一句当照明灯变亮或变暗时，工人的时产量就会提高。作者这里表达的意思是这个问题之所以引起大家的注意是因为工厂女工的行为令人费解。四个选项中PERPLEXING意为“令人费解的、迷惑的”，所以正确答案为B5选C解析本句的含义是根据研究描述，当照明灯变亮或变暗时，工人的时产量就会提高。四个选项中有描述含义的是CACCOUNTS。B项的意思是解释、说明，在这里是要反映实验的状况，而不是解释实验，所以排除。A和D项可以直接排除。6选B解析这句话的意思是实验中做什么并不重要。DONOTMATTER固定表达，故选B。本句中有个分号，表示前后两部分是解释说明的关系。7选D解析考查SOLONGAS短语，意思是“只有”，句子意思是只要有改变，生产率就会上升，而不管你做了什么。本句中有个分号，表示前后两部分是解释说明的关系，和上一句一起理解。8A解析A项AWARENESS意思是“意识”，B项EXPECTATION意为“期望”，C项SENTIMENT意为“观点，意见”，D项ILLUSION为“幻觉”，本句的大意是说工人知道自己本身是被研究对象这一意识就足以改变他们自己的行为。所以选A。9C解析见第8题解析。10D解析见第8题解析。11C解析SUBJECTN科目，主题，话题，题材，主观，语主语N君主国国民，实验对象ADJ服从的，易患的VT使隶属，使服从，使遭遇；BESUBJECTEDTO表示“服从于，与一致，为固定短语。12选A解析CONTRARYTO表示“与相反”。上一段说了使人迷惑的事情，而本句所说的使人惊奇的，根据语境提示，空白处应该填入“与相反。13选A解析只有EVIDENCE一词可与FOUND呼应，表示“发现或找到系统的证据”。14选D解析根据题意首先排除B项ENLIGHTENING和C项RELIABLE,如果选择A项，则后面应该表达所要争论的观点，把A项排除。D项MISLEADING“欺骗性，误导性的”，意思上来看，符合语境所表达的意思，从后面的举例当中可以看出。15选B解析FOREXAMPLE，举例说明上句的问题。16选A。解析DULY表示“准时地，在同一个时间地”，填入句中后意思表达更精确。17D解析根据题意是每周的第一个工作日和最后一个工作日产量都上升，与前句DULYROSE呼应，递进说明问题，故应选CONTINUE。18选CBUT解析此句意思与前面的内容，故填入转折词BUT。19选BTENDED解析TENDTODO“倾向于做某事”，说明一种常规的事实。20选D。解析HIT能与APLATEAU搭配，意为“到达高地，触及顶点”，句意才符合语境。CLIMBING也有达到的意思，但是比较缓慢，不符合题意。阅读ATEXT1OFALLTHECHANGESTHATHAVETAKENPLACEINENGLISHLANGUAGENEWSPAPERSDURINGTHEPASTQUARTERCENTURY,PERHAPSTHEMOSTFARREACHINGHASBEENTHEINEXORABLEDECLINEINTHESCOPEANDSERIOUSNESSOFTHEIRARTSCOVERAGE。【考点分析】灭绝师太常考THEMOST本句的意思是“过去这些年英语报纸上所发生的最有影响力的变化的可能是艺术评论的在报道范围和严肃性的堕落”。ITISDIFFICULTTOTHEPOINTOFIMPOSSIBILITYFORTHEAVERAGEREADERUNDERTHEAGEOFFORTYTOIMAGINEATIMEWHENHIGHQUALITYARTSCRITICISMCOULDBEFOUNDINMOSTBIGCITYNEWSPAPERSYETACONSIDERABLENUMBEROFTHEMOSTSIGNIFICANTCOLLECTIONSOFCRITICISMPUBLISHEDINTHE20THCENTURYCONSISTEDINLARGEPARTOFNEWSPAPERREVIEWSTOREADSUCHBOOKSTODAYISTOMARVELATTHEFACTTHATTHEIRLEARNEDCONTENTSWEREONCEDEEMEDSUITABLEFORPUBLICATIONINGENERALCIRCULATIONDAILIES。【考点分析】TOTHEPOINTOF“到地步”转折常考，出21题。“然而，在20世纪大量的最重要的批评集是有报纸评论组成的。”本句强调20世纪的报纸评论数量很多。沿着上句的意思论述如今读到这样的书的人不禁会对下面这个事实感到惊讶这些评论之前竟然被认为适合在面向大众的日报上刊登。21ITISINDICATEDINPARAGRAPHS1AND2THATAARTSCRITICISMHASDISAPPEAREDFROMBIGCITYNEWSPAPERS。BENGLISHLANGUAGENEWSPAPERSUSEDTOCARRYMOREARTSREVIEWS。CHIGHQUALITYNEWSPAPERSRETAINALARGEBODYOFREADERS。DYOUNGREADERSDOUBTTHESUITABILITYOFCRITICISMONDAILIES。【正确选项解析】B由第一段的DECLINEINSCOPE和第二段的ACONSIDERABLENUMBER都在强调以前的报纸关于艺术评论数量很多，所以选择B【干扰选项分析】A比较容易排除。与第一段矛盾，原文只是说DECLINE,即下降，没有说消失DISAPPEARC比较容易排除。“高质量的报纸未丧失大量的读者”。无中生有。D强干扰项。“年轻的读者怀疑报纸上的评论不合适”。原文牛津高阶英汉双解词典MARVELVBEVERYSURPRISEDANDOFTENADMIRING大为惊讶常含赞叹之意，表明其实读者是赞同这些评论可以再报纸上刊登的。这里的DOUBT表示怀疑，所以与MARVEL意思相反。WEAREEVENFARTHERREMOVEDFROMTHEUNFOCUSEDNEWSPAPERREVIEWSPUBLISHEDINENGLANDBETWEENTHETURNOFTHE20THCENTURYANDTHEEVEOFWORLDWAR2,ATATIMEWHENNEWSPRINTWASDIRTCHEAPANDSTYLISHARTSCRITICISMWASCONSIDEREDANORNAMENTTOTHEPUBLICATIONSINWHICHITAPPEAREDINTHOSEFAROFFDAYS,ITWASTAKENFORGRANTEDTHATTHECRITICSOFMAJORPAPERSWOULDWRITEINDETAILANDATLENGTHABOUTTHEEVENTSTHEYCOVEREDTHEIRSWASASERIOUSBUSINESSANDEVENTHOSEREVIEWSWHOWORETHEIRLEARNINGLIGHTLY,LIKEGEORGEBERNARDSHAWANDERNESTNEWMAN,COULDBETRUSTEDTOKNOWWHATTHEYWEREABOUTTHESEMENBELIEVEDINJOURNALISMASACALLING,ANDWEREPROUDTOBEPUBLISHEDINTHEDAILYPRESSSOFEWAUTHORSHAVEBRAINSENOUGHORLITERARYGIFTENOUGHTOKEEPTHEIROWNENDUPINJOURNALISM,NEWMANWROTE,“THATIAMTEMPTEDTODEFINE“JOURNALISM“AS“ATERMOFCONTEMPTAPPLIEDBYWRITERSWHOARENOTREADTOWRITERSWHOARE“【考点分析】否定常考UNFOCUSED出22题。承接上文，上文讲我们的评论数量减少，这里继续讲我们甚至离20世纪初到二战期间的报纸评论也相差很远。EVENFARTHERREMOVEDFROM表明作者的惋惜之情。INDETAILANDATLENGTH“详细的”SERIOUS“严肃的”CALLING“对做某项工作的强烈欲望或责任感”PROUD“骄傲”上面的这些词都表明二战前的报纸评论的风格。否定常考，出23题。“因此，几乎没有人有足够的智慧或文学天赋在新闻事业上成就自己，我更喜欢吧新闻事业定义为“被假作家耻辱地使用了的术语，对真作家来说，他们不足挂齿”。”其实本句话中NEWMANWROTE,后面的根本不需要看懂。22NEWSPAPERREVIEWSINENGLANDBEFOREWORLDWAR2WERECHARACTERIZEDBYAFREETHEMES。BCASUALSTYLE。CELABORATELAYOUT。DRADICALVIEWPOINTS。【正确选项解析】AUNFOCUSED的英文解释NOTCONCENTRATEDATONEPOINTORUPONONEOBJECTIVE,FREE的英文解释是UNRESTRICTED，所以UNFOCUSEDFREE,属于同义替换。【干扰选项分析】B请看牛津高阶英汉双解词典字典对CASUAL的解释AMADEORDONEWITHOUTMUCHCAREORTHOUGHTOFFHAND不经意的；随便的；马虎的；临时的BDEROG贬SHOWINGLITTLECONCERNNONCHALANTIRRESPONSIBLE漠不关心的；无动於衷的；不负责任的CNOTMETHODICALORTHOROUGHNOTSERIOUS无条理的；不彻底的；不认真的。这几个意思都是和INDETAILANDATLENGTH“详细的”SERIOUS“严肃的”CALLING“对做某项工作的强烈欲望或责任感”PROUD“骄傲”相矛盾的。所以不选。C强干扰项。ELABORATE可以替换原文中的INDETAIL，但是LAYOUT布局无中生有，所以本题与原文不相符合。DRADICAL激进的无中生有。23WHICHOFTHEFOLLOWINGWOULDSHAWANDNEWMANMOSTPROBABLYAGREEONAITISWRITERSDUTYTOFULFILLJOURNALISTICGOALS。BITISCONTEMPTIBLEFORWRITERSTOBEJOURNALISTS。CWRITERSARELIKELYTOBETEMPTEDINTOJOURNALISM。DNOTALLWRITERSARECAPABLEOFJOURNALISTICWRITING。【正确选项解析】D对同义替换。FEWNOTALL，HAVEBRAINSENOUGHORLITERARYGIFTENOUGHCAPABLEOF注意D选项中NOTALL属于部分否定，语气委婉，在选项中出现往往正确。【干扰选项分析】AJOURNALISTICGOALS新闻业的目标，无中生有。B“作家成为记者是值得鄙视的。”与的PROUD自豪的相反。C“作者容易被新闻业吸引”。对偷梁换柱。原文说的是被DEFINE“JOURNALISM“AS所吸引，而不是被JOURNALISM所吸引。UNFORTUNATELY,THESECRITICSAREVIRTUALLYFORGOTTENNEVILLECARDUS,WHOWROTEFORTHEMANCHESTERGUARDIANFROM1917UNTILSHORTLYBEFOREHISDEATHIN1975,ISNOWKNOWNSOLELYASAWRITEROFESSAYSONTHEGAMEOFCRICKETDURINGHISLIFETIME,THOUGH,HEWASALSOONEOFENGLANDSFOREMOSTCLASSICALMUSICCRITICS,ANDASTYLISTSOWIDELYADMIREDTHATHISAUTOBIOGRAPHY1947BECAMEABESTSELLERHEWASKNIGHTEDIN1967,THEFIRSTMUSICCRITICTOBESOHONOREDYETONLYONEOFHISBOOKSISNOWINPRINT,ANDHISVASTBODYOFWRITINGSONMUSICISUNKNOWNSAVETOSPECIALISTS【考点分析】否定常考段首常考。“不幸的是，这些批评家几乎被忘记了。”言语之间是作者对报纸评论堕落的惋惜之情。是举NEVILLECARDUS的例子来论证以前的评论家怎么被忘记的，可以略读。ISTHEREANYCHANCETHATCARDUSSCRITICISMWILLENJOYAREVIVALTHEPROSPECTSEEMSREMOTEJOURNALISTICTASTESHADCHANGEDLONGBEFOREHISDEATH,ANDPOSTMODERNREADERSHAVELITTLEUSEFORTHERICHLYUPHOSTEREDVICWARDIANPROSEINWHICHHESPECIALIZEDMOREOVER,THEAMATEURTRADITIONINMUSICCRITICISMHASBEENINHEADLONGRETREAT。【考点分析】特殊标点常考，出25题。笔者在课堂中反复强调出现问号是必考的。“CARDUS那样的评论会重现吗不太可能”再一次点明了作者所讨论的中心报纸行业的堕落DECLINE，要注意DECLINE与中的REVIVAL是反义词。讲理由，出24题。24WHATCANBELEARNEDABOUTCARDUSACCORDINGTOTHELASTTWOPARAGRAPHSAHISMUSICCRITICISMMAYNOTAPPEALTOREADERSTODAY。BHISREPUTATIONASAMUSICCRITICHASLONGBEENINDISPUTE。CHISSTYLECATERSLARGELYTOMODERNSPECIALISTS。DHISWRITINGSFAILTOFOLLOWTHEAMATEURTRADITION。【正确选项解析】A说新闻业的品味已经改变，读者不需要HAVELITTLEUSEFOR他所擅长的风格，所以CARDUSSCRITICISM不可能复苏。而ACARDUSSCRITICISM也许不能吸引当今的读者。注意HAVELITTLEUSEFORNOTAPPEALTO同时本选项还有MAY,这个语气委婉的词，符合黄四“正确答案语气委婉”。【干扰选项分析】B原文没有提到他的名声有争议，所以无中生有。C“他的风格符合现在的专家”与本段最后一句相矛盾。D移花接木，是利用最后一句话编造的选项。25WHATWOULDBETHEBESTTITLEFORTHETEXTANEWSPAPERSOFTHEGOODOLDDAYSBTHELOSTHORIZONINNEWSPAPERSCMOURNFULDECLINEOFJOURNALISMDPROMINENTCRITICSINMEMORY【正确选项解析】主旨题，可以利用串线法解出本题。第一段开宗明义过去这些年英语报纸上所发生的最有影响力的变化的可能是艺术评论的在报道范围和严肃性的堕落DECLINE。第二段承接第一段的意思。第三段首句“不幸的是，这些批评家几乎被忘记了。”言语之间是作者对报纸评论堕落的惋惜之情。第四段“CARDUS那样的评论会重现吗不太可能”再一次点明了作者所讨论的中心报纸行业的堕落DECLINE，所以C令人惋惜的新闻业的堕落。MOURNFUL是大纲词汇。【干扰选项分析】A“报纸行业过去的黄金岁月”。没有点出作者对现在的报纸的惋惜之情B“报纸行业的消失的视野”本选项的错误类型和A一样。D“记忆中的杰出的评论家”本文的中心不是怀恋过去，而是批判现在的堕落。TEXT2OVERTHEPASTDECADE,THOUSANDSOFPATENTSHAVESEENGRANTEDFORWHATARECALLEDBUSINESSMETHODSAMAZONCOMRECEIVEDONEFORITS“ONECLICK”ONLINEPAYMENTSYSTEMMERRILLLYNCHGOTLEGALPROTECTIONFORANASSETALLOCATIONSTRATEGYONEINVENTORPATENTEDATECHNIQUEFORLYINGABOX。本段是背景段，讲过去的事情。只需看懂第一句“过去的几十年中，上千个商业方法被授予专利。”NOWTHENATIONSTOPPATENTCOURTAPPEARSCOMPLETELYPROPERTYLAWYERSABUZZTHEUSCOURTOFAPPEALSFORTHEFEDERALCIRCUITSAIDITWOULDUSEAPARTICULARCASETOCONDUCTABROADREVIEWOFBUSINESSMETHODPATENTSINTHEBILSKI,ASTHECASEISKNOWN,ISA“VERYBIGDEAL”，SAYSDENNISDCROUCHOFTHEUNIVERSITYOFMISSOURISCHOOLOFLAWIT“HASTHEPOTENTIALTOELIMINATEANENTIRECLASSOFPATENTS。”本段转折。“将会用一个案例来全面审查商业方法专利”。最后一句“它有可能排除一种专利即上文的BUSINESSMETHODPATENT”26BUSINESSMETHODPATENTSHAVERECENTLYAROUSEDCONCERNBECAUSEOFATHEIRLIMITEDVALUETOBUSINESSBTHEIRCONNECTIONWITHASSETALLOCATIONCTHEPOSSIBLERESTRICTIONONTHEIRGRANTINGDTHECONTROVERSYOVERAUTHORIZATION选C，根正苗红的同义替换。POSSIBLEPOTENTIAL，ELIMINATERESTRICTIONA无中生有B用第一段的一个小例子中的细节捏造选项DCONTROVERSY无中生有。27WHICHOFTHEFOLLOWINGISTRUEOFTHEBILSKICASEAITSRULINGCOMPLIESWITHTHECOURTDECISIONSBITINVOLVESAVERYBIGBUSINESSTRANSACTIONCITHASBEENDISMISSEDBYTHEFEDERALCIRCUITDITMAYCHANGETHELEGALPRACTICESINTHEUS。选DPOTENTIALMAY,CHANGE对应着第一段和第二段之间的转折。从本段的REVIEW，ELIMINATE也可以看出这是一种转折。全文一直没有讲BILSKICASE的判决的结果，而AC都是在讲其判决结果，所以与原文相反。B是从原文“A“VERYBIGDEAL”字面意识出发设置的干扰选项。ABIGDEAL其实在英文中的意思是“重要”，而不是“生意TRANSACTION”本题D还有MAY,正确答案往往语气委婉，所以更加确定选这个选项。CURBSONBUSINESSMETHODCLAIMSWOULDBEADRAMATICABOUTFACE,BECAUSEITWASTHEFEDERALCIRCUITITSELFTHATINTRODUCEDSUCHPATENTSWITHIS1998DECISIONINTHESOCALLEDSTATESTREETBANKCASE,APPROVINGAPATENTONAWAYOFPOOLINGMUTUALFUNDASSETSTHATRULINGPRODUCEDANEXPLOSIONINBUSINESSMETHODPATENTFILINGS,INITIALLYBYEMERGINGINTERNETCOMPANIESTRYINGTOSTAKEOUTEXCLUSIVEPINHTSTOSPECIFICTYPESOFONLINETRANSACTIONSLATER,MOVEESTABLISHEDCOMPANIESRACEDTOADDSUCHPATENTSTOTHEIRFILES,IFONLYASADEFENSIVEMOVEAGAINSTRIVALSTHATMIGHTBENTTHEMTOTHEPUNCHIN2005,IBMNOTEDINACOURTFILINGTHATITHADBEENISSUEDMORETHAN300BUSINESSMETHODPATENTSDESPITETHEFACTTHATITQUESTIONEDTHELEGALBASISFORGRANTINGTHEMSIMILARLY,SOMEWALLSTREETINVESTMENTFILMSARMEDTHEMSELVESWITHPATENTSFORFINANCIALPRODUCTS,EVENASTHEYTOOKPOSITIONSINCOURTCASESOPPOSINGTHEPRACTICE。28THEWORD“ABOUTFACE”LINE1,PARA3MOSTPROBABLYMEANSALOSSOFGOODWILLBINCREASEOFHOSTILITYCCHANGEOFATTITUDEDENHANCEMENTOFDISNITY本题是词汇题，一定要返回原文通过上下文解题。BECAUSE之前是说对BUSINESSMETHOD的约束CURBS，而BECAUSE之后说的是“正是联邦审判引入了BUSINESSMETHOD”，所以二者之间自然表明了是“态度的转变”。所以选CTHEBILSKICASEINVOLVESACLAIMEDPATENTONAMETHODFORHEDGINGRISKINTHEENERGYMARKETTHEFEDERALCIRCUITISSUEDANUNUSUALORDERSTATINGTHATTHECASEWOULDBEHEARDBYALL12OFTHECOURTSJUDGES,RATHERTHANATYPICALPANELOFTHREEANDTHATONEISSUEITWANTSTOEVALUATEISWEATHERITSHOULD“RECONSIDER”ITSSTATESTREETBANKRULING。本段第一句话没有看懂，直接跳过。第二句讲“联邦审判要求这个案子要12个法官审，而不是普通的3人小组，并且要求判断是否要重新考虑之前的BANKRULING”由本句可以排除29ATHEFEDERALCIRCUITSACTIONCOMESINTHEWAKEOFASERIESOFRECENTDECISIONSBYTHESUPREMECOUNTTHATHASNARROWEDTHESCOPEOFPROTECTIONSFORPATENTHOLDERSLASTAPRIL,FOREXAMPLETHEJUSTICESSIGNALEDTHATTOOMANYPATENTSWEREBEINGUPHELDFOR“INVENTIONS”THATAREOBVIOUSTHEJUDGESONTHEFEDERALCIRCUITARE“REACTINGTOTHEANTI_PATENTTRENDATTHESUPREMECOURT”，SAYSHAROLECWEGNER,APARTENDATTORNEYANDPROFESSORATAEORGEWASHINGTONUNIVERSITYLAWSCHOOL。INTHEWAKEOFAFTER。第一句最高法院已经减少了对专利持有者的保护PROTECTION。而29C减少了对专利持有者的尊重ESTEEM。其中ESTEEM是对PROTECTION的偷梁换柱。第二句举例子。法官发出信号TOOMANY过多的专利被授予了，表明法院认为很多BUSINESSMETHOD不应该被授予，所以选BTOOMANYOFTENUNNECESSARILYD无中生有。29WELEARNFROMTHELASTTWOPARAGRAPHSTHATBUSINESSMETHODPATENTSAAREIMMUNETOLEGALCHALLENGESBAREOFTENUNNECESSARILYISSUEDCLOWERTHEESTEEMFORPATENTHOLDERSDINCREASETHEINCIDENCEOFRISKS见上文的解析。本题AB两项相反必去其一。30WHICHOFTHEFOLLOWINGWOULDBETHESUBJECTOFTHETEXTAALOOMINGTHREATTOBUSINESSMETHODPATENTSBPROTECTIONFORBUSINESSMETHODPATENTHOLDERSCALEGALCASEREGARDINGBUSINESSMETHODPATENTSDAPREVAILINGTRENDAGAINSTBUSINESSMETHODPATENTS选择A。首先排除B，与原文相反。C大帽子。AD的选择有一定难度。用串线法解题。第一段讲过去BUSINESSMETHOD很容易被授予专利。其中第一段的最后一句话已经暗含着对这种做法的反对。第二段转折将会用一个案例来全面审查商业方法专利。第三段对BUSINESSMETHOD的约束CURBS是法院态度的巨大转变。最后一段明确提出REACTINGTOTHEANTIPATENTTRENDATTHESUPREMECOURT。要注意的是原文始终没有说BILSKICASE的判决，因此只是一个LOOMING隐约地出现的DANGER，而不是已经盛行的趋势。TEXT3INHISBOOKTHETIPPINGPOINT,MALCOLMALADUELLARGUESTHAT“SOCIALEPIDEMICS”AREDRIVENINLARGEPARTBYTHEACTIONSOFATINYMINORITYOFSPECIALINDIVIDUALS,OFTENCALLEDINFLUENTIALS,WHOAREUNUSUALLYINFORMED,PERSUASIVE,ORWELLCONNECTEDTHEIDEAISINTUITIVELYCOMPELLING,BUTITDOESNTEXPLAINHOWIDEASACTUALLYSPREAD。【考点分析】因果常考DRIVEN，出31题A。MALCOLMALADUELL的观点“社会流行的东西在很大程度上是有一小部分有影响力的人发动的，这些人见多识广，有说服力”转折常考，出31题B。“这个观点不能解释思想是如何传播的”。要注意IDEASACTUALLYSPREADSOCIALEPIDEMICS这就意味着作者认为INFLUENTIAL对HOWIDEASACTUALLYSPREAD作用不大，不起DRIVEN驱动的作用。31BYCITINGTHEBOOKTHETIPPINGPOINT,THEAUTHORINTENDSTO_。AANALYZETHECONSEQUENCESOFSOCIALEPIDEMICSBDISCUSSINFLUENTIALSFUNCTIONINSPREADINGIDEASCEXEMPLIFYPEOPLESINTUITIVERESPONSETOSOCIALEPIDEMICSDDESCRIBETHEESSENTIALCHARACTERISTICSOFINFLUENTIALS。【正确选项解析】B本题是说明作者目的题。由上文的分析可知选本选项。【干扰选项分析】A与原文相反。本文讨论的是原因DRIVEN，而本题是说结果CONSEQUENCE。C本段没有提到人们的直觉的反应INTUITIVERESPONSE。只是说“作者认为这个观点从直觉上看是吸引人的”。所以无中生有D偏离中心INFLUENTIAL对SOCIALEPIDEMICS的作用。只是中的细节。THESUPPOSEDIMPORTANCEOFINFLUENTIALSDERIVESFROMAPLAUSIBLESOUNDINGBUTLARGELYUNTESTEDTHEORYCALLEDTHE“TWOSTEPFLOWOFCOMMUNICATION”INFORMATIONFLOWSFROMTHEMEDIATOTHEINFLUENTIALSANDFROMTHEMTOEVERYONEELSEMARKETERSHAVEEMBRACEDTHETWOSTEPFLOWBECAUSEITSUGGESTSTHATIFTHEYCANJUSTFINDANDINFLUENCETHEINFLUENTIALS,THOSESELECTPEOPLEWILLDOMOSTOFTHEWORKFORTHEMTHETHEORYALSOSEEMSTOEXPLAINTHESUDDENANDUNEXPECTEDPOPULARITYOFCERTAINLOOKS,BRANDS,ORNEIGHBORHOODSINMANYSUCHCASES,ACURSORYSEARCHFORCAUSESFINDSTHATSOMESMALLGROUPOFPEOPLEWASWEARING,PROMOTING,ORDEVELOPINGWHATEVERITISBEFOREANYONEELSEPAIDATTENTIONANECDOTALEVIDENCEOFTHISKINDFITSNICELYWITHTHEIDEATHATONLYCERTAINSPECIALPEOPLECANDRIVETRENDS【考点分析】因果常考DERIVEFROM转折常考BUT否定常考UNTESTED段首常考特殊标点常考冒号，出32题。请看SUPPOSED在牛津高阶英语词典的英文解释ONLYBEFORENOUNUSEDTOSHOWTHATYOUTHINKTHATACLAIM,STATEMENTORWAYOFDESCRIBINGSB/STHISNOTTRUEORCORRECT,ALTHOUGHITISGENERALLYBELIEVEDTOBE。这就意味着SUPPOSED后面的东西在本质上都是作者反对的。“这种INFLUENTIAL的假象的重要性来源于一个貌似合理但是实质上未经检验的TWOSTEPFLOWOFCOMMUNICATION的理论”。讲商人接受了这一错误观点。中的SEEMS中的CURSORYSEARCH草率的搜索中的ANECDOTALEVIDENCE传闻的证据这几个词组都表明作者对这个理论持反对态度。32THEAUTHORSUGGESTSTHATTHE“TWOSTEPFLOWTHEORY”_。ASERVESASASOLUTIONTOMARKETINGPROBLEMSBHASHELPEDEXPLAINCERTAINPREVALENTTRENDSCHASWONSUPPORTFROMINFLUENTIALSDREQUIRESSOLIDEVIDENCEFORITSVALIDITY【正确选项解析】D由可知这个理论是未经检验的UNTESTED，这就意味着“需要可靠的证据证明其有效性”REQUIRESSOLIDEVIDENCEFORITSVALIDITY。所以本题是同义替换之正话反说。【干扰选项分析】A与作者对该理论的反对态度矛盾。B这个理论似乎SEEMS可以解释某些流行的趋势，SEEM这个词表明作者其实是反对这个说法的。C偷换概念，偷换了中的MARKETERINTHEIRRECENTWORK,HOWEVER,SOMERESEARCHERSHAVECOMEUPWITHTHEFINDINGTHATINFLUENTIALSHAVEFARLESSIMPACTONSOCIALEPIDEMICSTHANISGENERALLYSUPPOSEDINFACT,THEYDONTSEEMTOBEREQUIREDOFALLTHERESEARCHERSARGUMENTSTEMSFROMASIMPLEOBSERVATIONABOUTSOCIALINFLUENCE,WITHTHEEXCEPTIONOFAFEWCELEBRITIESLIKEOPRAHWINFREYWHOSEOUTSIZEPRESENCEISPRIMARILYAFUNCTIONOFMEDIA,NOTINTERPERSONAL,INFLUENCEEVENTHEMOSTINFLUENTIALMEMBERSOFAPOPULATIONSIMPLYDONTINTERACTWITHTHATMANYOTHERSYETITISPRECISELYTHESENONCELEBRITYINFLUENTIALSWHO,ACCORDINGTOTHETWOSTEPFLOWTHEORY,ARESUPPOSEDTODRIVESOCIALEPIDEMICSBYINFLUENCINGTHEIRFRIENDSANDCOLLEAGUESDIRECTLYFORASOCIALEPIDEMICTOOCCUR,HOWEVER,EACHPERSONSOAFFECTED,MUSTTHENINFLUENCEHISORHEROWNACQUAINTANCES,WHOMUSTINTURNINFLUENCETHEIRS,ANDSOONANDJUSTHOWMANYOTHERSPAYATTENTIONTOEACHOFTHESEPEOPLEHASLITTLETODOWITHTHEINITIALINFLUENTIALIFPEOPLEINTHENETWORKJUSTTWODEGREESREMOVEDFROMTHEINITIALINFLUENTIALPROVERESISTANT,FOREXAMPLE,THECASCADEOFCHANGEWONTPROPAGATEVERYFARORAFFECTMANYPEOPLE。【考点分析】承上启下。研究者推翻了上文的错误观点。无需看懂。研究者的理由来自关于社会影响的简单的观察。即使最有影响力的人也不会与太多的人交流。是TWOSTEPFLOWTHEORY理论。转折常考出33题。“每一个受影响的人必须要影响他的熟人，他的熟人再影响自己的熟人”，这也就因为是SOCIALINTERACTION。33WHATTHERESEARCHERSHAVEOBSERVEDRECENTLYSHOWSTHAT_。ATHEPOWEROFINFLUENCEGOESWITHSOCIALINTERACTIONS。BINTERPERSONALLINKSCANBEENHANCEDTHROUGHTHEMEDIA。CINFLUENTIALSHAVEMORECHANNELSTOREACHTHEPUBLIC。DMOSTCELEBRITIESENJOYWIDEMEDIAATTENTION。【正确选项解析】A由可知，ASOCIALEPIDEMICTOOCCURTHEPOWEROFINFLUENCE，HISORHEROWNACQUAINTANCESSOCIALINTERACTION可以明确的同义替换。GOESWITH与相伴而生。【干扰选项分析】B本段没有提到媒体增加人际联系。无中生有。CCHANNEL渠道无中生有D“大多数名人有很大的媒体影响力”无中生有。34THEUNDERLINEDPHRASE“THESEPEOPLE”INPARAGRAPH4REFERSTOTHEONESWHO_。ASTAYOUTSIDETHENETWORKOFSOCIALINFLUENCEBHAVELITTLECONTACTWITHTHESOURCEOFINFLUENCECAREINFLUENCEDANDTHENINFLUENCEOTHERSDAREINFLUENCEDBYTHEINITIALINFLUENTIAL【正确选项解析】本题可以看做是指代词具体是指代的对象。指代的对象一定是向前指代，往前找最近的名词。中“每一个受影响的人必须要影响他的熟人，他的熟人再影响自己的熟人”所以THESEPEOPLE就是指这些“被影响并且影响别人的人”【干扰选项分析】CA“在社会影响的网络之外”与原文相反。B强干扰项。说的是“HOWMANYOTHERSPAYATTENTIONTOEACHOFTHESEPEOPLE”与INITIALINFLUENTIALTHESOURCEOFINFLUENCE无关，而B偷换为“THESEPEOPLE”与INITIALINFLUENTIALTHESOURCEOFINFLUENCE接触不多。BUILDINGONTHEBASICTRUTHABOUTINTERPERSONALINFLUENCE,THERESEARCHERSSTUDIEDTHEDYNAMICSOFSOCIALCONTAGIONBYCONDUCTINGTHOUSANDSOFCOMPUTERSIMULATIONSOFPOPULATIONS,MANIPULATINGANUMBEROFVARIABLESRELATINGTOPEOPLESABILITYTOINFLUENCEOTHERSANDTHEIRTENDENCYTOBEINFLUENCED。【考点分析】35WHATISTHEESSENTIALELEMENTINTHEDYNAMICSOFSOCIALINFLUENCEATHEEAGERNESSTOBEACCEPTEDBTHEIMPULSETOINFLUENCEOTHERSCTHEREADINESSTOBEINFLUENCEDDTHEINCLINATIONTORELYONOTHERS【正确选项解析】CTHEREADINESSTOBEINFLUENCED由本段最后一句可知社会影响的动力要素是人们影响别人的能力以及被别人影响的倾向性。所以选C。【干扰选项分析】B错在IMPULSE突如其来的念头A错在ACCEPTD错在RELYON。解法二BC符合黄二。但是由第四段最后一句IFPEOPLEINTHENETWORKJUSTTWODEGREESREMOVEDFROMTHEINITIALINFLUENTIALPROVERESISTANT,FOREXAMPLETHECASECADEOFCHANGEWONTPROPAGATEVERYFARORAFFECTMANYPEOPLE。尤其是RESISTANT可知更强调的是“被影响”TEXT4注本文含有的生词和难句较多，考研阅读的原则是过难的单词和句子一定不会出题，在考场上紧紧抓住能看懂的句子即可，因为文章上下文的意思都是有密切关联的。笔者把本文无需看懂的句子用删除线标出来，以便于学生更好的复习。示例NOTTHEPRICEMANAGERSANDREGULATORSWOULDLIKETHEMTOFETCH。第一部分36题BANKERSHAVEBEENBLAMINGTHEMSELVESFORTHEIRTROUBLESINPUBLICBEHINDTHESCENES,THEYHAVEBEENTAKINGAIMATSOMEONEELSETHEACCOUNTINGSTANDARDSETTERSTHEIRRULES,MOANTHEBANKS,HAVEFORCEDTHEMTOREPORTENORMOUSLOSSES,ANDITSJUSTNOTFAIRTHESERULESSAYTHEYMUSTVALUESOMEASSETSATTHEPRICEATHIRDPARTYWOULDPAY,NOTTHEPRICEMANAGERSANDREGULATORSWOULDLIKETHEMTOFETCH。【考点分析】“台面上，银行家们将他们的麻烦归咎于己身，台面下，他们一直把目标对准他人会计准则制定者。”台上台下，表里不一，暗含了作者对银行家的虚伪的否定，对无辜者STANDARDSETTERS的同情。讲具体的抱怨的内容。“银行业抱怨会计规则迫使他们报告巨大损失，认为这不公平。”二者相比必出考点。出36题。进一步描述会计规则的内容。“规则认为他们必须以第三方付出价格来评估部分资产的价值，而非按照管理者和监管者期望该资产能够获得的价格。”本句其实只要看懂“THESERULESSAYTHEYMUSTVALUESOMEASSETSATTHEPRICEATHIRDPARTYWOULDPAY,NOT”NOT后面无需看懂，只要知道是与NOT前面不一样的方法。36BANKERSCOMPLAINEDTHATTHEYWEREFORCEDTO_。AFOLLOWUNFAVORABLEASSETEVALUATIONRULESBCOLLECTPAYMENTSFROMTHIRDPARTIESCCOOPERATEWITHTHEPRICEMANAGERSDREEVALUATESOMEOFTHEIRASSETS。【正确选项解析】A36题COMPLAINMOAN，NOTFAIRUNFAVORABLE,VALUESOMEASSETSASSETEVALUATION所以本题属于根正苗红的同义替换。【干扰选项分析】B对偷梁换柱。把VALUE偷换为COLLECT。C与原文相反。错误一原文说“THESERULESSAYTHEYMUSTVALUESOMEASSETSATTHEPRICE。，NOTTHEPRICEMANAGERSANDREGULATORSWOULDLIKETHEMTOFETCH”明确说“规则不让按照MANAGERS的期待的价格评估”，所以这与COOPERATE合作相反。错误二原文中没有提到PRICEMANAGER这个概念，MANAGERSANDREGULATORSWOULDLIKETHEMTOFETCH。是定语从句来修饰PRICE。DREEVALUATE重新评估无中生有。第二部分37题UNFORTUNATELY,BANKSLOBBYINGNOWSEEMSTOBEWORKINGTHEDETAILSMAYBEUNKNOWABLE,BUTTHEINDEPENDENCEOFSTANDARDSETTERS,ESSENTIALTOTHEPROPERFUNCTIONINGOFCAPITALMARKETS,ISBEINGCOMPROMISEDAND,UNLE