变电站系统过电压防护技术--中英文翻译

太原科技大学本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译姓名陈茜学号200815010304班级电子081503专业电子信息工程指导教师张唐圣所在学院电子信息工程学院外文资料SUBSTATIONSYSTEMOVERVOLTAGEPROTECTIONTECHNOLOGYABSTRACTSECONDSUBSTATIONEQUIPMENTOVERVOLTAGEPROTECTIONONELECTRONICINFORMATIONSYSTEMFORTHEPROTECTIONOFCOREEQUIPMENTFORTHECONSTRUCTIONOFAPROTECTEDBOTHPRESSUREANDOTHERPOTENTIALSYSTEM,ANDTHROUGHALLLEVELSOFOVERVOLTAGESURGEPROTECTORSOFTHECURRENTSTEPBYSTEPINTOTHELANDOFCHINA,SUBSTATIONSECONDARYSAFETYEQUIPMENTANDRELIABLEOPERATION1SECONDOVERVOLTAGESUBSTATIONPROTECTIONINRECENTYEARS,THESUBSTATIONCOMMUNICATIONS,COMMUNICATIONSSYSTEMS,PROTECTIONSYSTEMS,BACKGROUNDMANAGEMENTMODULEFREQUENTOVERVOLTAGEDAMAGE,THEMAINREASONFORTHISISWEAKANDITSRELATEDSYSTEMSPRODUCTSOVERVOLTAGEPROTECTIONLEVELISWEAK,ORNOGUARDAGAINSTOVERVOLTAGETECHNICALMEASURES,THECONSEQUENCESFORTHESAFEOPERATIONOFPOWERGRIDSBRINGABOUTAGREATERNEGATIVEIMPACTWITHINTEGRATEDAUTOMATIONSYSTEMSANDAUTOMATIONSYSTEMSSUCHASCOMMUNICATIONSYSTEMSINTHESUBSTATIONWEAKSECONDARYBYTHEWIDERUSEOFSUCHELECTRONICSYSTEMSEQUIPMENTCOMPONENTSOFTHEINTEGRATEDMOREANDMORE,THEGROWINGVOLUMEOFINFORMATIONSTORAGE,SPEEDANDACCURACYOFTHEINCREASEDANDOPERATESONLYAFEWVOLTS,CURRENTINFORMATIONONLYMICROAMPLEVEL,THUSEXTREMELYSENSITIVETOOUTSIDEINTERFERENCE,ESPECIALLYTHELIGHTNINGANDELECTROMAGNETICPULSE,SUCHASOVERVOLTAGETOLERANCEISLOWWHENTHUNDERANDLIGHTNING,SUCHASOVERVOLTAGEANDACCOMPANIEDBYTHEELECTROMAGNETICFIELDSREACHACERTAINTHRESHOLD,RANGINGFROMSYSTEMFAILURECAUSED,RESULTEDINHEAVYEQUIPMENTORPERMANENTDAMAGETOITSCOMPONENTSDESPITETHETHUNDERANDLIGHTNINGVIEWPOINTOFELECTRONICSYSTEMSEQUIPMENTISUNLIKELY,BUTLIGHTNINGSTRIKENEARTHELAND,BUILDINGS,COMMUNICATIONANDAIRSUPPLYLINEDIRECTLYLEIYUNDISCHARGEFORM,ORBECAUSEOFELECTROSTATICINDUCTIONANDTHEIMPACTOFELECTROMAGNETICINDUCTIONFORMATIONOFOVERVOLTAGE,THEREMIGHTBECONNECTEDTOTHEPOWERLINES,SIGNALLINESORGROUNDINGSYSTEM,THROUGHVARIOUSINTERFACESTOTRANSFER,COUPLING,RADIATIONANDOTHERFORMSOFINVASIVEELECTRONICSYSTEMEQUIPMENTANDLEADTOSERIOUSDISTURBANCESORINCIDENTSTHEREFORE,STRENGTHENINGANDIMPROVINGTHEELECTRONICSYSTEMEQUIPMENTPROTECTION,TOMINIMIZETHEIMPACTOFINTERFERENCEBYLIGHTNINGANDOTHERDAMAGECAUSEDDIRECTLOSSESANDINDIRECTLOSSES,HASBECOMETHEURGENTNEEDTOSOLVETHEPROBLEM2OVERVOLTAGEPROTECTIONDESIGNIECINTERNATIONALELECTROTECHNICALCOMMISSIONTC/81MINETECHNICALCOMMITTEEWILLBEDIVIDEDINTOINTERNALANDEXTERNALMINEMINEINTWOPARTS,THEEXTERNALMINEISLIGHTNINGRODORWITHLIGHTNING,LIGHTNINGNETWORK,YINXIAXIANANDGROUNDINGSYSTEM,OBJECTSTOBEPROTECTEDFROMDIRECTLIGHTNINGSTRIKES,MINEISTOPREVENTINTERNALLIGHTNINGANDOTHERINTERNALOVERVOLTAGEDAMAGECAUSEDBYINVASIVEEQUIPMENTACOMPREHENSIVEMINEANDOVERVOLTAGEPROTECTIONSYSTEMSMUSTBEINTEGRATEDUSEOFDISCHARGESEGREGATION,BOTHPRESSUREANDOTHERPOTENTIAL,SHIELDINGISOLATION,GROUNDED,LIMITPRESSURECLAMPPROTECTION,ANDOTHERTECHNOLOGY,INACCORDANCEWITHTHEEXTERNALMINEANDTHEPRINCIPLEOFINTERNALMINE,INACCORDANCEWITHTHETARGETSOFPROTECTIVEFEATURES,FLEXIBLEAPPLICATIONTOTAKECONCRETEMEASURES,CONSTITUTEACOMPLETEPROTECTIONSYSTEMOVERVOLTAGESUBSTATIONINTHEFORMARELIGHTNINGOVERVOLTAGE,THERESONANTFREQUENCYOVERVOLTAGEANDOVERVOLTAGE,OVERVOLTAGEOPERATION,THESEOVERVOLTAGETRANSMISSIONORELECTROMAGNETICINDUCTIONTOTHEWAYTHELINESANDEQUIPMENTONADANGEROUSOVERVOLTAGE,INPARTICULAR,LIGHTNINGOVERVOLTAGE,LIGHTNINGSUBSTATION,INTHELOWVOLTAGEPOWERSUPPLYSYSTEMANDWEAKSYSTEMTOPRODUCEASTRONGOVERVOLTAGESENSOR,WHILETHESUBSTATIONTOPOTENTIALRISEFOREXAMPLETHESUBSTATIONGROUNDINGRESISTANCETO1Q,LIGHTNINGCURRENT10KA,WHILETHEPOTENTIALFOR10KV,DUETOTHEINCREASEDPOTENTIALOFTHECOUNTERLINESANDEQUIPMENTDAMAGEDLINESANDEQUIPMENTANDTHEEVENTSHAVEOCCURRED,THEREFORE,DESPITETHESUBSTATIONOUTSIDETHEMINESYSTEMLIGHTNINGRODYINXIAXIANANDGROUNDINGDEVICESINLINEWITHNATIONALSTANDARDSANDTHEREQUIREMENTSOFBUBAN,ANDTHEINTEGRATEDAUTOMATIONANDCOMMUNICATIONSAUTOMATIONSYSTEMS,SUCHASWEAKSECONDARYHAVEBEENTAKEN,SUCHASSHIELDING,GROUNDING,ISOLATION,FILTERING,ANDOTHERMEASURES,BUTITCANNOTCOMPLETELYAVOIDOVERVOLTAGEPOWERFULLIGHTNINGANDVOLTAGEOFTHESYSTEMCOUNTERTHEDISRUPTIONCAUSEDDAMAGEAND,THEREFORE,THESECONDWEAKSYSTEMSUBSTATIONANDAMINEVOLTAGEMUSTALSOTAKETHEAPPROPRIATEPROTECTIVEMEASURES,INACCORDANCEWITHTHEIECWITHINTHEMINEAREAEMP,THEDEVICESPOWERCORD,SIGNALLINES,DATALINES,ANDTHEINSTALLATIONOFLIGHTNINGPROTECTIONANDINTERNALOVERVOLTAGEDEVICESTOPREVENTLIGHTNINGSENSORS,CHANNELINGPEOPLEALONGTHELIGHTNINGCURRENT,VOLTAGECOUNTERATTACK,SUCHASTRANSIENTVOLTAGESURGETOOTRANSIENTOVERVOLTAGECAUSEDBYAFAULTANDDAMAGEDELECTRONICEQUIPMENTOVERVOLTAGESURGEPROTECTIONINACCORDANCEWITHITSCONNECTIONMODEISDIVIDEDINTOTWOSERIESANDPARALLEL,THEUSEOFOVERVOLTAGESURGEPROTECTIONTANDEMWITH,THEREMAYEXISTBECAUSEOFSIGNALTRANSMISSIONDOESNOTMATCHTHECAUSESOFTRANSMISSIONOFTHESIGNALINTERFERENCE,INPARTICULARDATACOMMUNICATIONINTERFACEINTHESERIESWEREOVERVOLTAGESURGEPROTECTIONINPLACE,WILLHAVETHENORMALDATACOMMUNICATIONSTHEREFORE,THEDATACOMMUNICATIONSACCESSIINTHESERIESWEREOVERVOLTAGESURGEPROTECTIONINPLACE,THETRANSMISSIONOFDATAMUSTBECARRIEDOUTCONSCIENTIOUSLYCHECKIFTHEDATAARENOTNORMALTRANSMISSION,ITMAYBEDUETOTHEREASONSDONOTMATCHTHETRANSMISSIONSIGNALINTERFERENCE,SHOULDBEREPLACEDTOMATCHTHEOVERVOLTAGESURGEPROTECTIONFORIFTHEUSEOFOVERVOLTAGESURGEPROTECTIONFORUSEOFPARALLEL,THESITUATIONISBASICALLYNONEXISTENT,BUTTHECONNECTIONMODEOFOVERVOLTAGESURGEPROTECTIONFORHIGHERTECHNICALREQUIREMENTS3SECONDARYSYSTEMOVERVOLTAGESUBSTATIONPROTECTION31POINTSOVERVOLTAGEELECTRICITYSYSTEMPROTECTIONSUBSTATIONINSTALLEDINTHECOMMUNICATIONSDISPATCHAUTOMATIONSYSTEMSAREUSEDACPOWERORADCPOWERSUPPLYEQUIPMENTFORTHERECTIFICATIONOFITSLINKSAREGENERALLYLARGERCAPACITYFILTERCAPACITANCE,THETRANSIENTOVERVOLTAGESHOCKABSORPTIONOFACERTAINEXTENT,THESTATIONLOWVOLTAGETRANSFORMERSIDEGOTOFEEDBETWEENTHESCREENUSINGASHIELDEDCABLEANDEQUIPMENTHAVEAGOODGROUNDING,THEUSEOFMODERNTECHNOLOGYTOANALYZEMINE,WEMUSTINCREASETHECIRCUITSSEGREGATIONMEASURES,BECAUSEITSGROUNDING,PROTECTIONANDOTHERELECTRICALGROUNDINGALLGROUNDINGDEVICESUSINGTHESAMEEQUIPMENT,ANDEQUIPMENTAREINALPZOB,THERELATIVESTRENGTHOFSTRONGELECTROMAGNETICPULSE,THESTATIONCHANGEDTOPREVENTLOWPRESSURESIDEALTHOUGHTHEREARELINESINTRUSIVEWAVEARRESTER,BUTTHERESIDUALPRESSUREHIGH,INTHESUBSTATIONOFLIGHTNING,THROUGHTHELINECOUPLINGANDTHEPOTENTIALRISECAUSEDBYOVERVOLTAGECOUNTERATTACKSTILLEXIST,ANDHIGHPRESSURESIDEOFTHERESIDUALPRESSUREASHIGHASSEVERALTHOUSANDVOLTS,ITISNECESSARYTOTHESESCHEDULINGAUTOMATIONEQUIPMENTFORTHEPOWERSUPPLYOVERVOLTAGECIRCUITPROTECTIONLIGHTNINGPROTECTIONINACCORDANCEWITHTHEPRINCIPLEOFREGIONALDIVISION,SUBSTATIONEQUIPMENTINTHESECONDARYPOWERSUPPLYSYSTEMOVERVOLTAGESENSORSLIGHTNINGPROTECTIONMAYBETWOB,CLEVELFORTHEPROTECTIONOFSEGREGATIONBMINEUSEISGENERALLYGREATERFLOWCAPACITYOFTHEMINEINSTALLATIONS,THELIGHTNINGCOULDBEMORECASUALLIUXIEPEOPLE,TOACHIEVETHEOBJECTIVEOFCURRENTLIMIT,OVERVOLTAGEATTHESAMETIMEWILLREDUCETOACERTAINEXTENT,CMINEUSEWITHLOWERRESIDUALPRESSUREOFTHEMINEINSTALLATIONS,YOUCANLOOPINTHEREMAININGSCATTEREDLIGHTNINGLIUXIEPEOPLE,TOLIMITTHEPURPOSEOFOVERVOLTAGE,OVERVOLTAGEEQUIPMENTCANBEREDUCEDTOTHELEVELOFTOLERANCETHEMAINPOWERSUPPLYSYSTEMISINHIBITEDLIGHTNINGPROTECTIONANDOPERATIONOFTHEPOWERBACKTOTHEROADANDOVERVOLTAGESURGEACCORDINGTOTHESUBSTATIONSTATUSOFTHESUBSTATIONOFTHESECONDMINESENSINGSYSTEMANDTHEOPERATIONANDUSEOFTWOOVERVOLTAGEPROTECTIONASBUILDMORESUBSTATIONSINTHEREGIONMOREOPEN,RELATIVELYSTRONGELECTROMAGNETICSTRENGTH,POWERLINESANDCOMMUNICATIONCABLESAREVERYVULNERABLETOLIGHTNINGATTACKSSENSORS,SENSORSALONGTHEOVERVOLTAGEPOWERLINESANDCOMMUNICATIONLINESINTOONEDEVICE,WHICHWILLDAMAGEEQUIPMENT,THEREFORE,THEEXCHANGEOFFIRSTCLASSBUSTOINSTALLTHEPOWERPROTECTIONBLEVELISTOENSURETHESAFETYOFTHEENTIRECONTROLROOM,AND80PERCENTOFTHEOVERVOLTAGECHINA,SCATTEREDTOTHEEARTH,PLAYAPRIMARYROLEINTHEPROTECTION,BUTARESTILLINTHEEXCHANGEOFFEEDERSOMEOFTHEBLEVELPOWERSUPPLYVOLTAGEANDMINETHERESIDUALPRESSUREINCREASESONLINEANDMUSTTHEREFOREBEIMPORTANTINTHEEXCHANGEOFFEEDERLINESDCCHARGINGSCREEN,UPS,ETCCLEVELPOWERPROTECTION,WHICHWOULDCURBOVERVOLTAGEELECTRICALEQUIPMENTTOBACKENDTOTHELEVELOFTOLERANCEPROTECTIVELOCATIONITIS1EC1312LEMPPROTECTION“INTHEREGIONOFLIGHTNINGPROTECTIONPRINCIPLESARRESTERINSTALLATIONSHOULDBEINDIFFERENTLOCATIONSATTHEJUNCTIONOFPROTECTEDAREAS,THISNETWORK,THEFIRSTCLASSPROTECTIONSHOULDBELOCATEDINTHEBUSEXCHANGEINTWOONTHEBUSWITHTHEINSTALLATIONOFABCLASSMODELSOFATHREEPHASEPOWERSUPPLYVOLTAGESURGEPROTECTORINSTALLLOCATIONACBUSCABINET312SECONDCLASSPROTECTIONMEASURESTODEALWITHFORTHEMOREIMPORTANTFEEDERLINESONTHEEXCHANGEOFEQUIPMENT,HEREFORTHEDCCHARGESCREEN,THEINSTALLATIONOFCLEVELTHREEPHASEPOWERARRESTERASDCCHARGINGSCREENISTWOWAYEXCHANGEOFELECTRICITYSUPPLY,SOTHESCREENINTHEDCCHARGEWITHTHEINSTALLATIONOFTWOMODELSOFCLEVELTHREEPHASEPOWERSUPPLYOVERVOLTAGESURGEPROTECTORINSTALLATIONLOCATIONSHOULDCHOOSETHEDCCHARGESCREENOPENEXCHANGEOFAIRPOWERCOMMISSIONEROFFICE32INTEGRATEDAUTOMATIONSYSTEMOVERVOLTAGEPROTECTIONPROTECTIVEPOSITIONCOMPUTERBASEDINTEGRATEDAUTOMATIONSYSTEMSABILITYTOBEARAVERYLOWVOLTAGE,SEVERALHUNDREDVOLTSOFOVERVOLTAGEISENOUGHTODAMAGETHEEQUIPMENT,SOMUSTTHEHIGHSIDEARRESTERTHERESIDUALPRESSURETHOUSANDSOFVOLTSTOFURTHERCURBTOMEETEQUIPMENTINSULATIONLEVELOFNEED,ANDBECAUSEOFTHEPOTENTIALRISETOPOWERANDTHEINDUCTIONLOOPISALSOOVERVOLTAGELINEUPONKV,TOBEUSEDINTHEEXCHANGEOFINTEGRATEDAUTOMATIONSYSTEMTOTHEEXCHANGEONTHECLEVELSINGLEPHASEINSTALLATIONOFASURGEVOLTAGEPROTECTIONLOCATIONSHOULDCHOOSETOINSTALLAUTOMATEDPINGINTHECOMPOSITEAIRSWITCHTHEACPOWER33DIDNOTASKOFFPOWERSUPPLIESUPSOVERVOLTAGEPROTECTIONPROTECTIONHEREBECAUSEOFTHEINTERNALCOMPUTERSYSTEMS,HUBS,MONITORINGEQUIPMENT,ELECTRICENERGYBILLINGSYSTEMSANDSOONTHROUGHTHEUPSPOWERSUPPLYPROTECTION,INORDERTOPROTECTTHESAFETYOFTHESEMICROELECTRONICSEQUIPMENT,THEUPSPOWERSUPPLYDEVICEINFRONTOFTHEINSTALLATIONOFACSURGEVOLTAGEPROTECTIONOPTIONALMODELSTHEUPSFORSINGLEPHASEPOWERINPUTCCLASSSINGLEPHASEPOWERSURGEOROVERVOLTAGEPROTECTIONUPSFORTHETHREEPHASEPOWERINPUTOFCLEVELTHREEPHASEPOWERSUPPLYOVERVOLTAGESURGEPROTECTORINSTALLATIONSHOULDCHOOSETHELOCATIONOFUPSINTOTHEFRONTLINE34COMMUNICATIONINTERFACEOVERVOLTAGEPROTECTIONCOMMUNICATIONINTERFACEOVERVOLTAGEPROTECTIONCOMPAREDWITHTHEGRIDSUPPLYSYSTEM,THISOVERVOLTAGECIRCUITONTHEDEGREEOFSENSITIVITYISMUCHHIGHER,ANDTHESEAREOVERVOLTAGEEQUIPMENTINTHECIRCUMSTANCESITISVERYFRAGILEEQUIPMENTINSULATIONTOLERANCELEVELISVERYLOWWITHTHEEQUIPMENTCONNECTEDTOASIGNA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防护器后，会产生数据无法正常通讯。因此，在数据通讯接II中串人浪涌过电压防护器后，必须对数据的传输情况进行认真检查，如发现数据无法正常传输，则有可能是由于不匹配的原因导致对传输信号的干扰，应更换相匹配的浪涌过电压防护器。如果在使用浪涌过电压防护器时采用并联方式，基本上不存在上述情况，但这种接线方式对浪涌过电压防护器的技术要求更高。3变电站系统过电压防护31站用电系统过电压防护安装在变电站内的通信调度自动化系统大多采用交流电源或直流电源为其设备供电，在其整流环节，一般有较大容量的滤波电容，对瞬态过电压冲击有一定的吸收作用，站用变压器低压侧到站用馈电屏之间采用的是屏蔽电缆且设备都有良好的接地，运用现代防雷技术来分析，必须增加回路的分流措施，因为其工作接地、保护接地都与其它电气设备采用同一接地装置，而且设备都处于LPZOB区，电磁脉冲强度相对较强，在站用变低压侧虽然有防止线路侵人波的避雷器，但残压高，因此在变电站遭受雷击时，通过线路耦合和地电位升高而造成的反击过电压依然存在，而且高压侧的残压高达几千伏，因此必须对这些调度自动化设备的供电回路进行过电压保护。根据雷电防护区域的划分原则，变电站内二次设备供电系统感应雷电过电压的防护可以按两级B、C级来进行分流保护。B级防雷一般采用具有较大通流容量的防雷装置，可以将较大的雷电流泄散人地，从而达到限流的目的，同时将过电压减小到一定的程度，C级防雷采用具有较低残压的防雷装置，可以将回路中剩余的雷电流泄散人地，达到限制过电压的目的，使过电压减小到设备能耐受的水平。电源系统的防护主要是抑制雷电及操作在电源回路上产生的浪涌和过电压。根据变电站的现状，对变电站的二次系统感应雷及操作过电压采用两级防护。由于变电站多建在较为空旷的区域，电磁强度相对较强，电力线路和通信电缆是很容易遭受到感应雷电的袭击，感应过电压沿着电力线路和通信线路进人设备，从而将设备损坏，因此，交流母线处加装第一级电源防护B级是为了保证整个控制室的安全，并且将80的过电压泄散到大地，起到初级保护的作用，但在交流馈线上仍有部分过电压和B级电源防雷的残压加在线路上，因此必须在重要的交流馈线处直流充电屏、UPS等进行C级电源防护，从而将过电压抑制到后端用电设备能够耐受的水平。311第一级防护处理措施防护位置据1EC1312雷电电磁脉冲的防护中的雷电保护区域的划分原则。避雷器的安装位置应在不同保护区的交界处，对于此网络即第一级防护应设在交流母线处。在两根母线上各加装一个同型号的B级三相电源浪涌过电压保护器。