交际翻译理论在信息类文本中的应用——以《伦敦的100处古迹》为例

分类号密级专业学位研究生学位论文校址甘肃省兰州市论文题目（中文）交际翻译理论在信息类文本中的应用以伦敦的100处古迹为例论文题目（外文）APPLICATIONOFCOMMUNICATIVETRANSLATIONININFORMATIVETEXTSINTHECASEOFAHISTORYOFLONDONIN100PLACES研究生姓名丁巧梅学位类别翻译硕士专业学位领域英语笔译学位级别硕士校内导师姓名、职称丁旭辉讲师校外导师单位、姓名甘肃省外事办公室王文斌论文工作起止年月2014年10月至2015年4月论文提交日期2015年4月论文答辩日期2015年5月学位授予日期2015年6月原创性声明本人郑重声明本人所呈交的学位论文，是在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的成果。学位论文中凡引用他人已经发表或未发表的成果、数据、观点等，均已明确注明出处。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的科研成果。对本文的研究成果做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本声明的法律责任由本人承担。论文作者签名日期关于学位论文使用授权的声明本人在导师指导下所完成的论文及相关的职务作品，知识产权归属兰州大学。本人完全了解兰州大学有关保存、使用学位论文的规定，同意学校保存或向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的纸质版和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅；本人授权兰州大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用任何复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。本人离校后发表、使用学位论文或与该论文直接相关的学术论文或成果时，第一署名单位仍然为兰州大学。本学位论文研究内容可以公开不宜公开，已在学位办公室办理保密申请，解密后适用本授权书。（请在以上选项内选择其中一项打“”）论文作者签名导师签名日期日期交际翻译理论在信息类文本中的应用以伦敦的100处古迹为例摘要彼得纽马克的翻译理论将文本类型分为三类表达类文本、信息类文本和呼唤类文本。信息类文本的特点是“以内容传达为主，形式技巧退居其次”。伦敦的100处古迹属于信息类文本中的通俗类历史文本，翻译中涉及较多语言文化转换的障碍，译者往往陷入“求实”和“求效”的两难境地。交际翻译理论要求以目的语读者为中心，注重交际效果的传达，并发挥译入语优势。因此，交际翻译理论适宜此类文本的翻译。本文以伦敦的100处古迹作为文本分析的对象，以交际翻译理论为指导，在探究原文文本的语体、句法和用词特点的基础之上，讨论词汇和句子的翻译，进而找出翻译信息类文本的可行性办法。关键词交际翻译；信息类文本；通俗类历史文本；词汇翻译；句法翻译APPLICATIONOFCOMMUNICATIVETRANSLATIONININFORMATIVETEXTSINTHECASEOFAHISTORYOFLONDONIN100PLACESABSTRACTPETERNEWMARKDIVIDESALLTEXTSINTOTHREECATEGORIES,NAMELY，EXPRESSIVE,INFORMATIVEANDVOCATIVETEXTANINFORMATIVETEXTFEATURESTHATTHEPRESENTATIONOFCONTENTISPRIORTOTHEPATTERNANDSTYLEASAPOPULARHISTORICALBOOK,AHISTORYOFLONDONIN100PLACESFALLSINTOTHECATEGORYOFINFORMATIVETEXTFORITSCULTURALOBSTACLESINTRANSLATING,ATRANSLATORMAYBECONFRONTEDWITHTHEDILEMMAOF“BEINGACCURATE”OR“BEINGEFFICIENT”MEANWHILE,COMMUNICATIVETRANSLATIONISATARGETREADERORIENTEDAPPROACH,STRESSINGCOMMUNICATIVEEFFECTANDTAKINGTHEBESTADVANTAGEOFTARGETLANGUAGETHEREFORE,THETHESISAIMSTOCOMBINEAHISTORYOFLONDONIN100PLACESWITHCOMMUNICATIVETRANSLATIONBASEDONTHEANALYSISOFSTYLE,WORDSANDSENTENCESOFTHEORIGINALTEXT,THETHESISEXPLORESTHEMETHODSOFTRANSLATINGWORDSANDSENTENCESINTHEINFORMATIVETEXTKEYWORDSCOMMUNICATIVETRANSLATIONINFORMATIVETEXTPOPULARHISTORICALTEXTWORDTRANSLATIONSENTENCETRANSLATION目录中文摘要I英文摘要II引言1翻译任务描述1材料及作者简介1选材缘由1翻译过程2论文选题综述2第一章信息类文本与通俗类历史文本的关系411文本类型的划分412信息类文本的特点513伦敦的100处古迹的文本类型514英汉信息类文本的语言差异及解决办法5141词汇层面6142句法层面6第二章交际翻译理论的特点、原则及可行性821交际翻译理论概述822交际翻译理论与其它类似理论的区别823交际翻译理论的原则924交际翻译理论在信息类文本翻译中的可行性10第三章交际翻译理论在信息类文本中的应用1131以“目的语读者”为中心11311替换法11312增词译法12313词义引申法1332注重交际效果的传达15321四字格的使用1633发挥译入语优势17331断句译法18332换序译法19结语21参考文献22附录一英文原文23附录二中文原文45在学期间的研究成果61致谢62引言翻译任务描述材料及作者简介本文的分析材料选自大卫朗（DAVIDLONG）的著作伦敦的100处古迹（AHISTORYOFLONDONIN100PLACES）一书的第一、二、三章和第四章的前半部分，该书以伦敦发展史为主线，对伦敦的100处古迹进行了详细介绍。所以，这本书对读者了解伦敦史和伦敦古迹意义重大。伦敦标准晚报（EVENINGSTANDARD）曾评价，伦敦的100处古迹深受英国读者喜爱，即便是最优秀的历史学家也能从中获取所需的知识。大卫朗是英国著名的自由作家和记者，深受读者喜爱。作为公众人物，他在英国享有较高的名气，经常出现在英国各大媒体。他对英国历史，尤其是伦敦历史颇有研究，他的著作包括英国方言（SPECTACULARVERNACULAR）、隧道（TUNNELS）、塔和寺（TOWERSNORFOLLOWINGTHEDISCOVERYOFTHEAMPHITHEATREWASITSREMOVALANDRELOCATIONAVIABLEOPTIONASITHADBEENFORTHEMUCHSMALLERMITHRAEUMINSTEAD,IMAGINATIVESTEPSHAVEBEENTAKENTOPRESERVESOMETHINGMEANINGFUL,ANDTODAYTHEOUTLINEOFTHEACTUALARENAISCLEARLYMARKEDOUTINTHEPAVINGOFGUILDHALLYARD,ANDINTHEBASEMENTOFTHEGUILDHALLARTGALLERYPARTIALREMAINSOFTHEMAINENTRANCEAREAVAILABLETOVIEWVISITORSHERECANALSOSEETWOSMALLVESTIBULES,POSSIBLYWHERECOMBATANTSWOULDHAVEGATHEREDBEFOREEACHPERFORMANCE,ANDPARTOFADRAINAGESYSTEMINWHICHWEREFOUNDANIMALANDHUMANREMAINSPRESUMABLYFROMTHOSEWHOTOOKPARTINTHEFAMOUSLYGRISLYPERFORMANCES6MOSAICPAVEMENTALLHALLOWSBYTHETOWER,CITYOFLONDON,EC3COLOUREDMOSAICSANDTESSELLATEDFLOORSANDPAVEMENTSAREAMONGTHEMOSTEXCITINGRELICSFROMTHISERA,ANDTHEDISCOVERYOFTHISLARGESECTIONOFMOSAICWITHITSLIMESTONEBORDEREDRED,YELLOW,BLACKANDWHITETESSERAEINTHECITYOFLONDONIN1976ISSTILLCONSIDEREDTOBEONEOFTHEDECADESBIGGESTFINDSSEALEDFORCENTURIESBENEATHALAYEROFTHICKGREYSILTONASITEINMILKSTREET,BETWEENCHEAPSIDEANDGRESHAMSTREETTHEMOSAICWASCAREFULLYLIFTEDANDEVENTUALLYPUTONDISPLAYATTHEMUSEUMOFLONDONOTHER,EQUALLYSTRIKINGEXAMPLESCANBESEENINTHESMALLMUSEUMATTHEBANKOFENGLANDANDATTHEBRITISHMUSEUM,BUTBENEATHTHECHURCHOFALLHALLOWSBYTHETOWERITISTHRILLINGLYSTILLPOSSIBLETOSEEASECTIONOFROMANPAVEMENTINITSORIGINALPOSITIONWITHAFOUNDATIONDATEOF675THECHURCHISCONCEIVABLYLONDONSOLDEST,ASWESHALLSEEINTHENEXTCHAPTERTHESITEWASCLEARLYOCCUPIEDLONGBEFORETHISDATE,HOWEVER,ANDIN1926,DURINGWORKINTHECRYPT,AWONDERFULFRAGMENTOFSECONDCENTURYREDMOSAICWASUNCOVEREDBENEATHTHEFOUNDATIONSOFTHEEASTWALLPERFECTLYPRESERVEDINTHEANCIENTUNDERCROFT,ITISTHOUGHTTOHAVEFORMEDPARTOFTHEFLOOROFADOMESTICDWELLINGTHATSTOODHERECENTURIESBEFORETHECHURCHSENDOWMENTBYASEVENTHCENTURYBISHOPOFLONDONTHESAMECRYPTISALSOHOMETOAMODERNSCALEMODELOFLONDINIUM,PROVIDINGVISITORSWITHABIRDSEYEVIEWOFTHECITYSEENFROMAVANTAGEPOINTACROSSTHETHAMESANDSOMEWHEREINTHEAREAWHERETHESHARDNOWSTANDS7LONDONSLASTROMANCITIZENSTMARTININTHEFIELDS,TRAFALGARSQUARE,WC2ASRECENTLYAS2006THEBBCREPORTEDTHEHISTORICALLYSIGNIFICANTDISCOVERYOFASKELETONDURINGBUILDINGWORKSATTHISLANDMARKLONDONCHURCHTHEBODYWASFOUNDINAROMANLIMESTONECOFFIN,SECRETEDBETWEENSOMEVICTORIANVAULTSANDTHEBOUNDARYOFTHEPROPERTY,ANDWASMISSINGITSHEADNOTFORTHEFIRSTTIMEWITHBURIALS,THEFINDWASINITIALLYWRONGLYDA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