新概念二第78课笔记

课堂笔记：1) entitlean article entitledCigarette Smoking and Your Health,一篇题为吸烟与健康的文章。在英语中，文章名与书名中的每个单词的第一个字母均大写，不在开头位置的连词、冠词、小品词除外。entitle 的含义为“给.题名定名”，在这里是过去分词（短语）作定语。entitle 常用于被动语态：The writer hasnt entitled his new book yet.那位作家还没给他的新书写取名。She read a poem entitled The Apple Tree她读了一首题为苹果树的诗entitle sb to sth给予某人获得某事物或做某事的权利You are entitled to collect the rental fee from the customers.你有权利去收取客户的房租。This ticket doesnt entitle you to sit in first class.你这张票不能坐头等位。entitlement授权，有资格We have no record of your entitlement to free travel.我们没有让你免费旅行的记录。2）lit 原形light lit lit （lighted，ligthed）lighted candel燃着的蜡烛light a candlelight a cigarettelight up (with sth) 指人的脸等放光彩，容光焕发Her eyes lit up with joy.她因喜悦而目光炯炯3）calm adj.镇定的，安静的，无忧虑的It is important to keep calm in an emergency.在紧急情况下保持镇静是很重要的。the calm before the storm暴风雨前的宁静v. calm (sb) down使某人平静，镇静Just calm down a bit.你先静一静！calmly 若无其事地He walked into the shop and calmly stole a pair of gloves.他走进商店若无其事地偷了一副手套4）nerves用复数表示神经紧张，神经过敏，神经质She doesnt know what nerves are.她根本就不知道什么是神经紧张。胆量，勇气It takes nerve to be a racing driver.当赛车手要有胆量I wouldnt have the nerve to try anything so dangerous.我可没胆量做那么危险的事情。What a nerve！脸皮真厚（what a shame）get on sbs nerves刺激或烦扰某人Stop singing!You are getting on my nerves.别唱了！弄得我心烦hit/touch a (raw) nerve提及某人痛苦气愤等的事情，点到痛处You hit a raw nerve when you mentioned his first wife 你曾提到他的前妻刺到了他的痛处。5）concentrate on sth 集中注意力做某事6）suffer During this time, my wife suffered terribly.在此期间，我妻子吃尽了苦头。（1）vi. 受痛苦，受苦难；患病：suffer from/with/forDo you often suffer from headaches?你常头痛吗？She is suffering from loss of memory。她患有遗忘症He made a rash decision. Now he is suffering for it.他做的决定太草率了，现在可吃到苦头（2）vt.经历或遭受（痛苦、损害等）：Many people are suffering cold and hunger in that district.那个地区许多人正受冻挨饿。（3）变坏，变差，变糟Your studies will suffer if you play too much football.你要是总踢足球，功课就会变糟了。suffering痛苦（肉体的或心理的）There is so much suffering in this world.这个世界上有很多的痛苦。7）I had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking: a bad temper and an enormous appetite. 我具备了戒烟者通常表现出来的所有症状：脾气暴躁和食欲旺盛。a bad temper and an enormous appetite 为symptoms 的同位语。giving up smoking 可以看做是someone 的定语，即someone who gives up smoking.symptom症状，（坏事的）征兆You have a symptom of catching a cold你有患感冒的症状enormous巨大的，极大的an enormous amount of money巨款appetite食欲，胃口When I was ill I completely lost my appetite.我生病时完全没有食欲He has no appetite for the fight.他毫无斗志。8）My friends Kept on offering me cigarettes and cigars. 我的朋友们不断地向我递香烟和雪茄。keep on doing sth.表示“继续做某事”、“反复做某事”：The child was crying loudly, but he kept on watching TV.孩子在大声哭，但他却一直看电视。He kept on phoning me他不断地给她打电话。9）They made no effort to hide他们毫不掩饰地。 make effort to do sth 尽力做某事make no effort 表示“根本不作努力”。我们还可以说：He made no effort to take the exam.他考试根本不努力。make every effort尽一切努力I will make every effort to arrive on time.我将尽一切努力准时到达。She wrote the letter with/without effort.她费力地毫不费力地写了那封信。Georeg made every effort to get/at getting the job.乔治竭尽全力想得到那份工作。10）produce sth (from/out of sth)掏出，拿出或出示某事物Please produce your ticket for inspection.出示火车票以供检查The man produced a knife from his pocket.那男人从他口袋里掏出一把刀第78课课堂笔记（二）11)urge urge sb to do sth 催促某人干某事。力劝某人做某事They urged us to go at once他们催促我们马上去。极力主张，强烈要求，力劝My friends urged that I should apply for the job朋友们力劝我申请那份工作。He urged that they go to New York他极力主张他们去纽约。urge sb. on鼓励或激励某人，鞭策We urged the school team on with loud cheers.我们大声助威，激励校队拼搏强调 urge on/upon sb 对某人/某事强调We urged on you the importance of the time factor. 我们曾向你方强调过时间因素的主要性。n.强烈的欲望，冲动The vacation is coming and I have an urge to travel.假期快到了，我很急迫地去旅行。冲动，强烈的欲望”。 I had a sudden urge to tell the boss what I thought of him.我突然想告诉老板我对他的看法。12） it was more than I could bear. .我再也忍不住了。more than 后面跟一个从句或一个形容词时可以表示“超出” （多用于口语）：He was more than pleased with his new room.他对自己的新房间极其满意。This was more than I had expected.这超出了我的预料。13）guiltily内疚地guilty adj.guilty of sth.有罪的He was found guilty of murder他被判犯谋杀罪。有過失的(+of)The manager was guilty of an important misjudgment.经理犯了一個重大的判断错误。自知有過錯的,內疚的(+about)I felt guilty after breaking my promise.我违背诺言后感到内疚。You look guilty. 你看上去心虚。guilt n 有罪，罪状The police established his guilt.警方认定他有罪。guiltless of sth 无罪的，无辜的14）delight1. 欣喜,愉快UTo our delight, our football team won.令我们高兴的是,我们的足球队贏了。She ran back home with delight.她兴高采烈地跑回家。2。vt.1. 使高兴，愉快Im delighted that you are back.你回來了,我很高兴。We were delighted to read your novel.我们很高兴拜读你的小说。Her singing delighted everyone.她的歌声使大家很愉快。vi. delight in sth/doing sth1. 喜爱，取乐(+in)She delights in her work.她喜愛她的工作。14）Anyway,as Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking.不管怎么说，正如布赖恩指出的那样，戒烟是世界上最容易的事情。it 为先行主语，代替后面的不定式短语 to give up smoking。 point out 为固定短语，表示“指出”、“指明”：He pointed out the mistake to me.他向我指出错误。He pointed out that we still had to get a few other things.他指出我们还需要得再买一些其他东西。2与keep 有关的短语动词keep 与不同的小品词搭配可以有不同的含义。（1）keep on 与动名词连用时表示“反复”、“持续”：Keep on trying.继续努力。He kept on saying that he was tired.他不断地说他累了。（2）keep off 表示“不靠近”、“从.离开”：Keep off the flower bed.请勿进入花坛。Keep your hands off the food.别动吃的东西。（3）keep away from 表示“（使.）不靠近”、“避开”：Why do you always keep away from me?你为什么总躲着我？Keep the children away from the river.别让孩子们去河边。（4）keep it up 表示“不松劲”、“保持成绩”或“继续下去”，而keep up with 则表示“跟上”、“不落在.后面”：Youve made much progress. Keep it up!你已取得了很大进步。继续努力！If you keep it up, youll be able to set up a new world record.你如果保持下去不松劲，你就能创一项新的世界纪录。Although he walked as fast as he could, he still couldnt keep up with hisfather.虽然他尽快走，但他仍跟不上他父亲。In order to keep up with his classmates,