英语专业开题报告

. 滨 州 学 院毕业设计（论文）开题报告题 目A Study of E-C Translation of Cosmetic Brands from the Perspective of Skopos Theory 从目的论的角度看化妆品品牌的汉译 系 （院） 外语系 年级 2011级 专 业 英语 班级 1班 学生姓名 崔婕 学号 1114030101 指导教师 程虎 职称 讲师 滨州学院教务处二一四年十二月开题报告填表说明1.开题报告是毕业设计（论文）过程规范管理的重要环节，是培养学生严谨务实工作作风的重要手段，是学生进行毕业设计（论文）的工作方案，是学生进行毕业设计（论文）工作的依据。2.学生选定毕业设计（论文）题目后，与指导教师进行充分讨论协商，对题意进行较为深入的了解，基本确定工作过程思路，并根据课题要求查阅、收集文献资料，进行毕业实习（社会调查、现场考察、实验室试验等），在此基础上进行开题报告。3.课题的目的意义，应说明对某一学科发展的意义以及某些理论研究所带来的经济、社会效益等。4.文献综述是开题报告的重要组成部分，是在广泛查阅国内外有关文献资料后，对与本人所承担课题研究有关方面已取得的成就及尚存的问题进行简要综述，并提出自己对一些问题的看法。5.研究的内容，要具体写出在哪些方面开展研究，要突出重点，实事求是，所规定的内容经过努力在规定的时间内可以完成。6.在开始工作前，学生应在指导教师帮助下确定并熟悉研究方法。7.在研究过程中如要做社会调查、实验或在计算机上进行工作，应详细说明使用的仪器设备、耗材及使用的时间及数量。8.课题分阶段进度计划，应按研究内容分阶段落实具体时间、地点、工作内容和阶段成果等，以便于有计划地开展工作。9.开题报告应在指导教师指导下进行填写，指导教师不能包办代替。10.开题报告要按学生所在系规定的方式进行报告，经系主任批准后方可进行下一步的研究（或设计）工作。一、 课题的目的意义：The significance of the study: Skopos theory, put forward by German functionalists Reiss, Vermeer and Nord, is based on the prerequisite that translation as a cross-culture communicative activity is purposeful. The core of this theory is Skopos theory- any translation is decided by the purpose of translation. In short, the purpose of translation decides the means of translation (Reiss & Vermeer, 1984, P.10). With Chinas entry to WTO and the rapid development of Chinese economy, plenty of foreign commodities flood into Chinese markets, among which there are foreign cosmetics. As a special kind of advertisement that bridge consumers and companies, cosmetic brands play a crucial role. Correspondingly, the translation of cosmetic brands has become a significant and urgent task. However, due to the insufficient attention to cosmetic brands translation at home and abroad, studies in the cosmetic brands translation fall behind other pragmatic translation, such as tourist translation, advertisement translation and etc. To some extent, the quality of a brand translation will help to attract more consumers. This research adopts the Skopos theory discusses the translation of cosmetic brands and tries to find out some suitable translation strategies or approaches.The purpose of the studyThis paper mainly studies cosmetic brands translation from the perspective of Skopos theory. Based on Skopos theory, the paper analyzes Chinese translation of brands for cosmetics and illustrates that instructions for cosmetics should be translated with Skopos theorys guidance. Besides, the validity of Skopos theorys functions will be examined in the translation of cosmetics brands.二、文献综述（分析国内外研究现状、提出问题，找到研究课题的切入点，附主要参考文献，不少于1000字）：Translation Skopos theory, which developed by the German scholar Hans Vermeer, is a translation theory for the external research of translation. This Theory focused on the choice of a variety of purposes in the translating process, so that it will be able to make up for the shortage of the traditional translation studies, and add a new research perspective to the multidisciplinary exploration in translation. The Skopos theory points out translators do not focus on the equivalence of both source and target language texts, at the same time, both information and function of source texts are not to be considered. Therefore, we need to produce the expected function in translated texts for the understanding of readers under their language and cultural environment. From the perspective of functionalists, translation is a kind of communication activity which could be helpful communicating between cross-culture exchanging. They claim that many participants would be involved in the translating process, including the author of original text, translator, receptors, and readers etc. According to the main idea of original text，specific purpose and accurate strategies, the translator must try to get the translation standardized. Translator, as the first reader, his capabilities can decide the quality of translation. According to the main idea of original text, Skopos theory stresses on using translators subjective initiative to adopt different methods and techniques for translating. It makes the translation to convey the original content and to meet the stand of the target norms and culture. In addition, the translator can adjust, cut or even rewrite the original according to their need. Skopos theory provided the translator a feasible way to successfully use the translation strategy. Skopos theory was proposed in General Translation Theory Framework by the German scholar Hans. Vermeer in the late 1970s. Later, Vermeer and his teachers Reiss wrote an essay Ordinary Translation Foundation, and explained Skopos theory systematically. Skopos theory bases on communicative behavior, text linguistics, text theory and the research achievement of reception theory. The term Skopos theory was from Greek, it means purpose and objective, Vermeer used this word to signify translation or the purpose of translation behavior. (Vermeer, 1978). Functionalist translation theory has gone through four stages: the first stage is Katharina Reiss functional translation theory. She believes that the equivalence of the target text and the source text sometimes is impossible to achieve, and have different functions in the process of translation. Therefore, the translator should give priority to the translation function rather than the principle of equivalence. The second stage is the Hans. Vermeers Skopos theory. Based on behavior theory Vermeer created Skopos theory. The third stage is the Justa Holz -Manttaris action of translation theory. Manttari based on Vermeers theory to develop hers with the transmission of information to a variety of cross-cultural conversion, translation as a complex activity to achieve a specific purpose. The fourth stage is the Christiane Nord text analysis mode. Christiane Nord sorted out the functionalist translation theory, and put forward that translator should follow the principle of “function plus loyalty”, which perfect the theory. Skopos theory has been translated into multinational languages and spread to several countries in the world in more than 30 years since Skopos theory came into being. Since 1980s, Skopos theory disseminated in China, and played an important role on Chinese translation studies. According to incomplete statistics, from 1987 to 2006, more than 100 articles that referred to Skopos theory was published in all kinds of academic periodicals and papers of China, among them, approximately 37 core journals was published. The scope of the research covers the subject in translation definition, translation criteria, translation criticism, translation teaching, translation strategies, literary translation, and non-literary translation (including tourism translation, brand translation, advertisement translation, film title translation, translation of Chinese medical documents, news translation, and legal translation). In 1987, Gui Qianyuan published the paper Remember the Federal Republic of Germany Three Translators in Chinese Translators Journal. It briefly described the Vermeers new insights about translation. In 1995, Zhang Nanfengs Out of the Dead end and into Translation Studies and Chen Xiaoweis a brief comment on function theory, made brief introduction and comment on Skopos theory. After the two, the introduction related Skopos theory gradually increased. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press also introduced Nord and Reisss theoretical writings Translating As a Purposeful Activity: Functional Approaches Explained and Translation Criticism: The Potentials & Limitations. It has played a leading role in academia for understanding the connotation and denotation of Skopos theory.Skopos theory has been studied by many home and abroad scholars and widely applied in translation. It is also useful in explaining practical translation. Different translation purposes will produce different versions. That means we need to choose the best one to give the target consumers. However, due to the insufficient attention to cosmetic brands translation at home and abroad, studies in the cosmetic brands translation fall behind other pragmatic translations. This thesis adopts the Skopos theory to discuss the translation of cosmetic brands and tries to find out some suitable strategies or approaches. And it is hoped that the improved translations of cosmetic brands can be helpful to the consumer, the manufacturer, the agent and also the product itself. Cosmetic brand is a very practical type of propaganda with high commercial value, and the ultimate purpose of all cosmetic brands is the same- to promote sales. Skopos theory is a relatively new model in translation studies, and it can release translation from the shackle of the source text, providing a new perspective to translation, especially such pragmatic translation as cosmetic brands.References:1Mark, N. 2001. Approaches to TranslationM. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.2Nida, A. E. 1993. Language, Culture and TranslatingM. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.3Nida, A. E. & C. R. Taber. 2004. The Theory and Practice of TranslationM. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.4Nord, C. 2001. Translation as a Purposeful ActivityM. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.5范勇. 2009. 功能主义视角下的中国高校英文网页中的翻译问题研究M. 北京：科学出版社.6高俊，韩丹丹. 2011. 从目的论视角看翻译过程中译者的责任J. 长沙铁道学院院报（社会科学版). 12(2): 154-155.7黄晓. 2009. 浅析化妆品商标名的翻译策略J. 西南民族大学学报. (11): 51538李长栓. 2004.非文学翻译理论与实践M. 北京：中国对外翻译出版公司.9石英. 2001. 析德国功能派翻译理论J. 四川师范大学学报. 10王铮. 2011. 从作者的意图和读者的需求论述翻译目的论J. 甘肃联合大学学报(社会科学版). 27(2): 96-98.11谢天振. 2008. 当代外国翻译理论导读M. 天津：南开大学出版社.12杨柳. 2009. 20世纪西方翻译理论在中国的接受史M. 上海：上海外语教育出版社.13赵鹏. 2011. 目的论视角下翻译本质的再思考J. 华北水利水电学院院报(社会科学版). 27(3): 96-9714张美芳. 2005. 翻译研究的功能途径M. 上海：上海外语教育出版社.15张凌. 2009. 化妆品商标翻译探讨J. 商场现代化. (1): 17417516诸葛巧媛. 2008. 化妆品商标的翻译原则及方法J. 安徽文学. (8): 3536三、课题研究的内容、方法和预期目标：In this research, we are firstly required to study the definition of Skopos theory and know it well, then examine its application in cosmetic brands through case study. Compared with other traditional translation theories, German Functionalism, especially Skopos theory provides useful guidance in cosmetic brands translation. This thesis focuses on the application of sko