[英语考试]网考英语b语法复习2

,大学英语B网考辅导,语法精讲与样题分析,1,语法知识归纳,一、非谓语动词,二、情态动词和虚拟语气,2,非谓语动词,非谓语动词,动名词,分 词,不定式,现在分词,过去分词,3,非谓语动词的三种形式,4,语法知识归纳,一、非谓语动词,1、哪些动词接不定式，哪些接动名词，哪些动词即可接不定式，又可接动名词，但是词义不同。,2、不定式、动名词的复合结构及其时态和语态。,3、不定式符号to的省略与否。,4、现在分词与过去分词的区别。,5,1、接不定式作宾语的动词有,afford,（加TO）付得起，买得起 agree,同意 decide,决定 determine,下定决心 expect期望，期盼, hope,希望 manage,设法 refuse,拒绝 offer,主动提出做某事 pretend（假装作某事）等。,55. He _C_ to arrange a loan through a finance company. (test 1) 通过金融公司安排贷款。 A. tried B. succeeded C. managed D. endeavored,考点分析：succeed (in) doing sth, endeavor to do sth表示“尝试、试图”，而magage to do sth表示“设法做某事”,6,2、不定式中的to是否省略,1)感官动词feel,感觉 hear,听 listen to, see, 看look at,照看 notice,注意 watch观看 以及使役动词have, let, make等动词后，不定式不带to,但是，当这些动词变成被动语态时，动词不定式要加上to.如：,Mum makes me eat eggs every day. 妈妈每天要我吃一个鸡蛋。,Im made to eat eggs every day (by mum).,7,2)不定式用作介词but（除了）和except（除了什么以外）的宾语时，如果其前有do的某种形式，不定式不带to,否则不定式要带to.如：,46. That was so serious a matter that I had no choice but 别无选择_D_the police. 我别无选择的才给你警察打电话 (test 4) A. called in B. calling in C. call in D. to call in,49.They talked in whispers, but still, I couldnt help but _A_ their conversation. (test 5) 他们在小声的交谈，但是我还是不经意的听到一些。 A. overhear B. to overhear C. overhearing D. overheard,8,注意：在but构成的习惯用语中不带to: can not help but do(不得不）can do nothing but docan not choose but docan not do anything but do(只能做),3)在情态动词如：had better, would rather than之后不用to, 动词help后，to可带可不带。,9,3、下列动词或动词词组后只接动名词作宾语,1)admit, 承认appreciate,欣赏 avoid,避免 delay,推迟，延迟 consider,考虑 escape, 逃离，逃避enjoy, 喜欢做某事finish,完成 mind,介意 practise练习, risk, 冒险suggest建议,52. I dont know why she avoids _C_ his opinion on the subject. (Test 3) 我不知道他为什么不给我建议。 A. to give B. to be given C. giving D. being given,50. Her sun-tanned face suggested （表明）that she_C_ in excellent health. (Test 6) 他的脸被太阳晒过的脸 ， 表明身体很健康。 A. be B. is C. was D. were,10,2) cant help忍不住, cant stand忍不住, give up放弃, feel like想要做某事, put off, 推迟，延迟be busy,忙与做某事 have difficulty /trouble (in)做某事有困难（后面可加BE WISH）, have a good/wonderful/hard time, 做什么事情很开心 be used to,习惯与做某事 see to (doing sth),留意 be opposed to,反对 be sentenced to,被宣判某罪行 admit to承认, be used to, look forward to希望, object to反对, pay attention to注意,46. Jean did not have time to go to the concert last night because she was busy _C_ for her exam. (Test 1) 昨天他没有去听音乐是因为他忙着考试。 A. to prepare B. to be prepared C. preparing D. being prepared,11,57. I _ _ going to the doctor, but I wish I hadnt. (Test 1) 我推迟了去看医生，但是希望我没有推迟去看医生。 A. pick out 挑选/取出 B. make out 辨别 C. give off 释放 D. put off推迟,46. The match was cancelled because most of the members _A_ a match without a standard court. (Test 6) 这场比赛被取消了，是因为所有队员认为没有一场比赛的标准。 A. objected to having B. objected to have C. were objected to have D. were objected to having,12,4、1)下列动词或词组后既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上又区别，要特别注意。,forget / remember,to do sth 忘记/记住去做某事,doing sth 忘记/记住已做某事,53. If I had remembered _ the window, the thief would not have got in. (Test 3) 如果我记得去关窗户的话，那么小偷就不会进来。 A. to close B. closing C. to have closed D. having closed,13,stop,to do sth 停下来接着做另一件事,doing sth 停止做某事,try,to do sth 努力/试图做某事,doing sth 尝试着做某事,mean,go on,to do sth 意欲/想/企图做某事,doing sth 意味着做某事,to do sth （做完某事）接着做另一件事,doing sth 继续做同一件事,(=go on with sth)做完一件事，又去做另外一件事。,14,2) 动词need, 需要require, want和be worth,need/require/want,doing/to be done,sb. to do sth.需要做某事,The window needs/requires/wants,cleaning.,to be cleaned.,be worth,+n.,doing,The place is worth visiting.(主动表被动含义。这个地方值得参观。,15,5、分词 现在分词和过去分词,1）区别：掌握八个字。,分词,现在分词：主动、进行,过去分词：被动、完成,2）过去分词和现在分词的被动式都可以表示被动的意义，但各自的时间的概念不同：过去分词表示动作完成或已经发生，而现在分词的被动式表示动作正在进行，还未完成。,16,46. Air pollution A_, this city is still a good place to live in. (Test 3) 这个城市仍然是一个很好的居住的好地方，空气污染大大减少。 A. being greatly reduced B. greatly being reduced C. to greatly reduce D. greatly to reduce,47. Many Americans worry about leisure空闲 and hurry from one activity to the next, 忙与一个又一个 活动_B_ little time to stop and think. 留下很少的时间去思考。(Test 3) A. leave B. leaving C. left D. to leave,17,54. Cambridge has announced宣布 plans to establish a business school _B_the masters degree in the business administration. (Test 3) A. representing B. offering C. presenting D. supplying,考点分析：represent的意思是“代表”， offer 意为“提供”，present意为“提出” ， supply意为“供应”,18,53. _C_ such a good chance, he planed to learn more. (Test 5) 如果给的他这个机会,他学的机会更多. 这个计划是别人给他的. 机会 A. Giving B. Having given C. Having been given D. To be given,If he_C_ such a good chance, he planed to learn more. A. was giving B. had given C. had been given D. was to give,19,52. Having been asked to speak at the convention _B_. (Test 6) A. some notes were prepared for Dr. Smith B. Smith prepared some notes 史密思先生被要求在会议上发言,他准备了一些笔记. C. The convention members were pleased to hear 他很想在会议听到他听到他的发言 Dr. Smith D. Some notes were prepared by Dr. Smith,49. The concert usually takes place at the Peoples Square, with the audience _B_ on the ground. (Test 1) A. seating B. seated C. be seating D. to seat,20,二、情态动词和虚拟语气,（一）情态动词,重点掌握“情态动词+完成时”的用法,1. must + have done: 表示对过去的一种肯定的推测，意为“肯定”“一定”。,2. may (might) + have done: 用于肯定和否定句，表示对已发生的是事情的推测，相当于“可能”“大概”，但不太肯定。,21,3. should (ought to) +have done: 该结构一般用于虚拟语气，肯定句表过去没有发生但却发生的事，译为“本应”；否定句表示过去发生了本不该发生的事，译为“本不该”。,47. Although Jack made a foolish mistake, we _ at him. (Test 4) A. ought to have laughed B. oughtnt to have laughed C. ought to laugh D. should not to laugh,22,47. Five minutes earlier, _ we could have caught the last train. A. and B. or C. so D. but,5. neednt + have done: 表示不必做的事却做了， 可译为“其实不必”,4. could (not) + have done: 表过去的时间，说明某事可能（不可能）发生；肯定句表示某事过去本可以做但却未做；否定句表示某事过去本来不应该做但做了。,23,二）虚拟语气,1、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中,2、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用,3、虚拟语气用在as if (as though), even if (even though)中,4、在It is (high) time (that)句型中，也需用虚拟语气。从句中的动词用过去式。,5、用于if only引导的句中。,24,1、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中,25,53. If I had remembered _ the window, the thief would not have got in. (Test 3) A. to close B. closing C. to have closed D. having closed,50. If the whole program _ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost. (Test 1) A. was not planned B. were not planned C. would not be planned D. had not been planned,26,2、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用,49. We desire that the tour leader _ us imme-diadately of any changes in plan. (Test 4) A. inform B. informs C. informed D. has informed,当suggest, propose, desire, advice等含有建议的意思时，that从句习惯用（should)+动词原形,50. Her wish was that he _ at Beijing Univer-sity at once. (Test 5) A. studies B. studied C. study D. will study,27,考点分析：在would rather、would prefer后的宾语从句中，需用虚拟语气，其构成为动词用过去式。,49. Most insurance agents would rather you _ anything about collecting claims until they inves-tigate the situation. (Test 6) A. dont do B. didnt do C. would not do D. do,28,在It is +形容词或过去分词或特定的名词+ that的主语从句中：,形容词有：advisable, desirable, essential, impor-tant, necessary, normal, strange,过去分词有：decided, desired, demanded, ordered, required, suggested,特定的名词有：advice, decision, desire, demand, suggestion, wish, proposal, idea,29,48. This is very difficult operation. It is essential that you _ for emergency. (Test 6) A. are to be prepared B. would prepared C. be prepared D. must be prepared,30,3、虚拟语气用在as if (as though), even if (even though)中,54. Determined to _ as if everything were no