奥鹏1109统考考前辅导

奥鹏1109统考考前辅导,2011年7月20日,大学英语 （B） 词汇与结构 主讲老师：关艳,大家好！这里是大学英语 B 第二期视频课堂，欢迎各位同学到来！今天的视频时间: 19:0020:30此次视频主要内容：（词汇与结构）解题技巧及例题分析,词汇与结构位于试卷的第三部分，由五道题目构成，测试考生语法和词汇应用能力，解题时间10分钟。2011年试卷词汇与结构部分分值由以前的3分一道题目变为2分一道题目，总分值由以前的15分变为10分。,考查范围,词汇与结构主要考察考生语法能力，词汇辨析和分析句子能力。简单句部分 时态、 被动语态、倒装和非谓语动词等语法知识从句部分 状语从句、定语从句、同位语从句、虚拟语气等语法知识词类方面 词汇应用和固定结构,时态,一般 进行 完成现在 do/does is/are doing have /has done过去 did was / were doing had done将来will/be going to / /,被动语态,英语谓语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。,被动语态,（1） My aunt invited me to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语 I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party. 主语 谓语 宾语 （2） The school set up a special class to help poor readers. A special class to help poor readers was set up in the,被动语态,Town Hall is the tallest building in the city._ from here? A：Can it see B：Can it be seen C：Can be seeing D：Can see 答案： B,被动语态,特殊用法：We often hear him play the guitar. He is often heard to play the guitar.注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带to，这时不定式为主语补足语，也就是说不定式作主语补足语不存在省略to 的问题。,被动语态,have sth done “使.被做；让别人做某事” 例句： have my bicycle repaired 意思是使我的自行车被修理 其实就是说修我的自行车, 这个结构强调的是sth是被动的接受动作,而不是主动,并且可以不标明动作的施行者,只强调接受动作的一方. make oneself done 例句：make himself heard， hear的被动语态是heard，make+oneself后面应该加被动语态，意思是房间里太多噪声，使得别人听不到他的声音。别人听不到他的声音即是他的声音无法被别人听到，,倒装,全部倒装 地点状语/地点副词+谓语动词+主语 Then came the chairman. Here is your letter.South of the city lies a big steel factory.From the valley came a frightening sound.Under the tree stands a little boy.注意：代词作主语时, 主谓语序不变。Here he comes. Away they went.,倒装,部分倒装 (1) 句首出现否定词 (2) 句首出现only引导的状语 (3) so/neither+助动词+主语,倒装,1. never, seldom, little, nor, hardly(when), scarcely(when), no sooner(than), not only, not until等表示否定的副词或连词位于句首时； Never in my life have I seen such a thing. Not only did he hear, but also he saw it too.2. 用于 only+状语开头的句子（only+副词介词短语状语从句） Only in this way can you learn English well. 注意:如果only修饰的是句子主语时。不倒装。Only he can help us. 3.代词so, neither, nor等副词置于句首时, 表示“也(不/没有)” Tom can speak English. So can Jack. He doesnt like singing, neither/nor do I.,倒装,省略连词“if”虚拟条件句，如：Were I you, I would not do such a thing. = If I were you, I would not do such a thing.Should the machine break down again, send it back to us.= If the machine should break down again, send it back to us.Had you worked harder, you would have passed.= If you had worked harder, you would have passed.,非谓语动词,非谓语动词包括动词不定式(to do)、动名词(-ing)、过去分词(-ed)；主要考查两个动词之间的关系1. 绝大部分动词后面再出现动词,需要加上介词to2. 有一部分动词，如enjoy, mind, finish等后面出现动词需要用-ing形式3.有些动词后面既可以接to do，也可以接ing形式，但是意思有所不同，如stop to do 和stop doing,非谓语动词,1. Would you mind my opening the door? 2. I decided to ask for my money back3. Charlies nonverbal humor often makes people burst with laughter 4. mean to do sth. 打算，想要做； mean doing sth 意味着做 Im sorry for what I have said .But I didnt mean to hurt you.我为我所说的话道歉，但我并不是有意要伤害你。 He broke his leg , which means staying in bed for several weeks.他摔断了腿，那就意味着要卧床好几周。,非谓语动词,非谓语动词作状语和定语时 Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker. Seen from the hill, our school looks more. He got up early to catch the first train. Do you know the boy lying under the big tree?,定语从句,定语从句 在句子中作定语部分的从句称为定语从句。 He is the person who / that is going to give a concert on the century square. 先行词 关系代词 他是那个要在世纪广场上举行音乐会的人。,定语从句,关系代词/副词修饰先行词，在从句中的作用关系代词who指人作主语，whom作宾语（可省） that指人或物作主语/宾语（作宾语时可省） which指物，指整件事 作主语/宾语 whose指人或物作定语 关系副词when修饰表示时间的名词作时间状语 where修饰表示地点的名词作地点状语 why 修饰reason作原因状语,定语从句,A man who does not try to learn from others cannot hope to achieve much. 一个不向别人学习的人是不能指望有多大成就的。（作主语） The factory (which / that) we visited yesterday is one of the biggest ones in the town. 我们昨天参观的那家工厂是镇上最大的工厂之一。（作宾语）Madame Curie is a great scientist whose name is known all over the world. 居里夫人是一位全世界闻名的伟大科学家。（作定语） We can never forget the day when Hong Kong returned to our homeland. 我们永远不会忘记香港回归祖国的那一天。（作时间状语）The building where you used to live has been pulled down. 你过去曾住过的那栋大厦已经被拆除了。（作地点状语）We know the reason why he was very angry. 我们知道他为什么非常生气。（作原因状语，其先行词一般是reason）,定语从句,定语从句的位置：1. 连接词在两个动词之间，定语从句从连接词到句尾2. 连接词+动词a+动词b，定语从句从连接词到动词b前结束,定语从句,While l was in the university，I learned taking a photo，_ is very useful now for me Ait Bwhich Cthat DWhatDid you notice the guy _ hair is yellow in the black coat? Awho Bwhich Cwhose DwhomThe house _ we lived last year has been pulled down. Awhere Bto which Cwhich Dfor which,虚拟语气,1用if引导的虚拟条件从句 虚拟条件句从时间上又分为与现在事实相反，与过去事实 相反，与将来事实可能相反三种情况。 从句 主句与现在相反 were / did would do与过去相反 had done would have done,虚拟语气,If the weather had been good，the children _ out for a walk. A. had gone B. could have gone C. would go D. went If I _ you, I wouldnt give up this opportunity. A. was B. am C. were D.have been,虚拟语气,2.suggest (suggestion), propose (proposal), advise (advice), demand, insist, order, request, require, recommend, desire, ask, decide 等 在这些词后的从句中，谓语形式为should加动词原形，should可以省略 The generals command was that the soldiers _ their fort and carry out more important task. A. would leave B. leave C. left D. have left,虚拟语气,3. wish，as if从句 用动词的过去式虚拟现在的情况；用过去完成式虚拟过去的情况；用would（或might）+动词原形虚拟将来的情况。 I wish I knew the answer. The old lady is quarrelling with others as if she were mad. 4. would rather 用动词的过去式虚拟现在或将来的情况，用过去完成式虚拟过去的情况。 Id rather I had seen the film. 5. It is (high) time从句中表示“该干的时间到了”，用动词的过去式或should+动词原形。 It is time that we had/should have a rest.,固定词组,引导状语从句的一些固定词组： even if even though / as if as though so that / so.that / as soon as not until. / would rather. than. in case 其他常用词组： both.and / eitheror / neithernor look forward to doing / be good at doing preferto. / be similar to / be different from,模拟试题,1. Professor Smith promised to look _ my paper, that is, to read it carefully before the defense. A. after B. over C. onD. into2. Our house is about a mile away from the railway station and there are not many houses _A. in between B. far apartC. among themD. from each other3. As the bus came round the corner, it ran _ a big tree by the roadside.A. intoB. onC. overD. up,模拟试题,4. When Lily came home at 5 p.m. yesterday, her mother _ dinner in the kitchen.A. cooked B. was cooking C. cooks D. has cooked5. Did you notice the guy _ head looked like a big potato?A. whoB. whichC. whose D. whom定语从句1. I don t know the park, but it s _ to be quite beautiful. A. said B. told C. spoken D. talked2. Mike is better than Peter _ swimming. A. for B. at C. on D. in,模拟试题,3. The young lady coming over to us _ out English teacher; the way she walks tells us that!A. must be B. can be C. would be D. could be4. Had you come five minutes earlier, you _ the train to Birmingham. But now you missed it.（虚拟语气）A. would catchB. would have caught C. could catchD. should catch5. Eggs, though rich in nourishments, have _ of fat.A. a large numberB. the large numberC. a large amount D. the large amount,模拟试题,1. The atmosphere _ certain gases mixed together in definite proportions.A. composes of B. is made upC. consists of D. makes up of 2. Neither John _ his father was able to wake up early enough to catch the morning train. （主谓一致）A. nor B. or C. but D. and3. The girl is _ of a film star. A. somebody B. something C. anybody D. anyone4. Janes dress is similar in design _her sisters. A. like B. with C. to D. as,模拟试题,5. His salary as a driver is much higher than _. A. a porter B. is a porter C. as a porter D. that of a porterIt s time we _ the lecture because everybody has arrived. （虚拟语气） A. will start B. shall start C. start D. started2. _ these honors he received a sum of money. A. Expect B. But C. Be