沙发专业英语术语.doc

A strip of fabric gathered as a curtain, or pleated, and applied to the base of upholstered furniture, a feature popular in Early American styling. FOAM: Material used for cushioning or to pad upholstered furniture. Foam is short for polyurethane foam in general use today. Is used as seat cushions or in thinner sheets for arm, side and back padding. FORTREL: Trade name for a polyester fiber (See polyester). FRAME Basic structure or skeleton of an upholstered sofa or chair. Kiln-dried hard wood is best for durability in wooden frames. FRENCH SEAM: (See inverted)FRONT RAIL: The wood frame part lowest to the floor , and at the front of piece. GLIDES: Buttons of plastic or metal applied to bottom of legs to make furniture easier to move around. GLUE BLOCKS: Triangular pieces of wood used to rein- force joints. Glued in place after being applied to frame. HAND (OR HANDLE) :Term used to describe the feel of a fabric such as soft, rough, or smooth. HANDLE-OPERATED RECLINER :Reclining movement of chair is con- trolled by a handle accessible to the per- son sitting in the chair rather than by body movement. HARD EDGE: (See tailored edge) HELICALS :Small, tightly coiled springs used to add extra comfort. Used, for example, to attach flat spring on all sides of material and frame for sleep/sofa. HERCULON: Trade name for an olefin fiber. (See olefin). HIDDEN CASTERS: Recessed casters used to totally conceal the use of caster . INVERTED SEAM: Seam joining underside of fabric with no welt. (Also called French seam). JACQUARD (FABRIC): A method of producing elaborately patterned weaves on a mechanical Jacquard loom on which the roller gives design instructions instead of musical notes. KICK PLEAT: Tailored pleated skirt on the bottom of upholstered pieces. (See skirt). KNOCK DOWN (OR K-D) :Unassembled or self-assembled furniture which you buy that way and put together yourself at home. KODEL: Trade name for a polyester fiber (See polyester). LAWSON: A furniture style in which arms are lower than the back. (See tuxedo). LEFT FACING: The left-hand side of a piece of furniture when looking at same from the front. (See right-facing). LOOSE PILLOW CONSTRUCTION: A style of sofa or chair which features separate detachable pillows for back support. MATCH (ING): Positioning of a pattern, stripe or plaid. so that it flows continuously down the back across the seat and down the front of a sofa or chair. Not all fabrics may be matched. (Also see center match). MATELASSE (FABRIC): Tightly woven flat fabric with a quilted puff effect. MODULAR (S): (See sectionals). MR. & MRS. CHAIRS: Two matching chairs of the same style - one larger for him, one smaller for her. NAIL-HEAD TRIM: Decorative head nails or a simulated nail- head strip used to accentuate a style, usually used on arms and rails. NAP: Raised fibers in a pile fabric such as velvet. NUBBY: Fabric with yarns of different thicknesses giving an irregular hand to fabric. NYLON: Generic name for an important man- made synthetic fiber. Among the most durable synthetic fibers used for furniture fabrics. Trade names: Antron, Enka, Chemstrand and DuPont Nylon. OLEFIN: Man-made synthetic fiber, good proper- ties of strength, and resistance to abrasion, excellent cleanability. Trade names: Herculon, Vectra. ORLON: Trade name for an acrylic fiber. (See acrilan). OTTOMAN: Footstool or the footrest attached to a reclining chair. PADDING: (See filling). PEDESTAL BASE: Base placed under the center of a piece of furniture. Commonly used on recliners and swivel rockers. PILE WEAVE: Fabric with raised nap -velvet, corduroy, fake furs. POLYESTER: A man-made fiber. Trade names: Dacron, Fortrel, Kodel. Most like cotton in its appearance and physical properties. POLYSTYRENE: A man-made synthetic used to simulate wood. Often used to reproduce expensive wood trim. Can also be used to make frame parts or entire frames. POLYURETHANE :Man-made synthetic foam used for filling and for cushions. Rigid polyurethane can also reproduce wood trim or make entire frame. POP UP: A reclining chair in which the head rest pops up from inside the chair back when moved into a reclining position. PRINT :Any fabric on which a design is printed on the surface rather than woven in. PULL-OVER BACK: Furniture design in which back padding wraps around and over back rather than being squared off and trimmed with welting. QUILTING Process of taking two layers of flat fabrics with light padding in between and sewing them together with an over-all design. Fabrics used for quilting are often prints or plain satins. Two types of quilting are used: 1) Loom quilting which produces any overall design on a fabric; 2) Outline quilting in which each element of a design (a lily for example) is outlined. RAIL: Lowest part of the wood frame. There are front, back and side rails. RAYON: A man-made cellulose fiber. Trade names: Jetspun and Colorspun. Dyes well with high luster. Works well in dense pile or closely woven fabrics. Usually used in a blend with other fibers. RECLINER: Chairs which do just what the name implies -they recline. All have built-in ottomans or footrests; two-way rockers have two positions (upright and one reclining position); three-way rockers have three positions (upright and two reclining positions). REVERSIBLE CUSHIONS: Seat cushions which may be turned upside down or reversed for durability. Vinyl cushions, however, cannot be reversed because a bottom fabric panel is needed for ventilation. RIGHT -FACING:The right-hand side of a piece of furniture when looking at same from the front. (See left-facing). ROCKER :Any chair which tips back and forth in place. Traditional rockers have arched supports on the legs. Platform rockers move on springs on stationary bases. There are also swivel rockers and rocker recliners available. SADDLE ARM: An arm style which looks exactly as if you had placed a saddle on the arm. It dips down and wraps over the arm. SADDLE STITCHED :A decorative form of sewing the cover. Used more for ornamentation. It is not required for a good seam closure. SATIN (FABRIC) :A tightly woven, high luster flat-weave fabric. SCALLOP: An ornamental border on a skirt of small half circles. SCOTCHGARD: (See stain-resistant finish) SELF-COVERED SEAT DECK: The area above the seat springs on which loose seat cushions rest is the seat deck. When covered in the same material as the exterior of the piece, it is called self- covered. Thus if cushions move apart, you see the same upholstery fabric underneath rather than the customarily used beige denim fabric扶手:arm 扶板:wing 层板:plywood 填料:padding 转角:wedge, 底座:arm panel 后挡板:tailgate 扶手垫:armcap, 头枕:headrest 坐垫:cushion 拉练:zipper 搁脚ttoman 茶几:end table 摇椅:recliner 塑料膜：plasticfilmbubblefilm 海绵：foam 泡沫板：block 2纸板：corrugate 后下 outside back 扶手内侧 inside arm 面板 front arm panel 扶手外侧 outside arm 扶手前 front arm 扶手后侧 the rear arm. 扶手 top arm / arm 接缝 seam 靠背正面 inside back 缝针、针脚 stitch 靠背后面 outside back 双针 two-needle stitch 靠背 back rest 双针机 double needle machine 屏耳 the wing on both sides of the back 回针 returned-stitch 防护绵: poly (top back rail) (STAPLED) 缝止 the width of the seam 喷胶棉（树脂棉） Glued Fiber / Rolled Fiber 针距 stitch size spacing 松棉） Loosed Fiber 刀眼 notch 编织带 Webbing 针眼 stitch mark 封口胶 Tape for sealing the carton 浮线 float stitch 抓钉 T-Nuts 线头 Odd pieces of thread 枪钉 staple 露线 exposed stitches 垫圈 ring / bezel/washer 贴边/嵌条 Welt 三人沙发 Sofa 效影（阴阳色） two-tone effect 搁脚 30, Ottoman 瑕疵 flaw 转椅 swivel chair 色差 off shade 头层皮 top grain 结点 knot 二层皮 split 深色纱线斑点 mottled yarns 仿皮 vinyl 橡皮膏 stress tape (cloth tape) for C&S 天鹅绒 kin velvet 杀真菌剂 fungicide 无纺布non-woven fabric/dustcover 里布 denim 毡毯 felt 中垫 Center / Central cushion 倒顺毛 the direction of pile 上垫 Upper layer cushion S簧/蛇簧 no-sag spring 拉布/拉条 Puller 塔簧 long coil spring 防霉： mildew-proof 蜡变革 wax finish, wax effect 靠垫： back pillow油变革 oily pull-up leather 抛枕： throw pillow 磨砂革 buffed leather, nubuck, sanded 夹板 ply wood 雌雄扣Velcro 缝制工艺图 Sewing diagram 家具固定带, 无弹性 Puckering 纸板 Paper pattern 松紧带 Elastic 样套 Sample C&S T隔布 partition (PCS.) 钉饰 nail trim 五金压条 metal tacking strip 弯度 curveboard 海棉-密度-density 弹性-hysteresis loss 支撑系数-support factor 阻燃测试-Flammability test 2KG黄芯-yellow core(一)沙发外观及感官要求:1 徒手揿压座面和背面应无异常的(exceptional)金属摩擦(friction)和撞击(impact)响声(noise,sound)。2沙发面料拼接的(join together)图案(pattern,design)应完整(integrated,whole)，绒面(fabric,cloth)的绒毛(fluff)方向(direction)应一致(consistent)，面料应无明显(obvious)色差(chromatism,colour difference)，无落毛(missing)，无划伤(scratch)，无色污(dirt)、油污及残点(deformity)。3 真皮革与人造(synthetic, man-made)革应无明显色差，表面(exterior,surface)无裂纹(flaw, crack)破损，无油腻感(greasy, pinguid)。4 缝纫(needlework, sewing)五跳针，无明显浮线，嵌(embed)线应圆滑(slippery, smooth,)拖直(straight, unbent)，无外线露头(show up)， 园角(corner, angle)应匀称(shapely, symmetry,)，包覆外露钉(nail)排列(range, arrange, rank)应整齐(in order, orderliness, tidiness, trim, trimness)，间距(space between)基本相等(equality)，无松动(become flexible)脱落(break off)，各种材料的包覆(wrapped)布料应平整(level up, level off)饱满(satiation,enough)，松(looseness)紧(tighten)均匀(uniformity)，不得有褶皱(drape, crinkle)的缺陷，工艺性褶皱折线条(line)应对称均匀，层次分明(clear)。5 外露金属件应无刃口(blade, knife-edge)毛刺(puncture, stab, thorn)， 座面与扶手或靠背间隙(clearance)内徒手深入(go deep into)无刃口和毛刺，沙发在正常使用中应无尖锐(edge, spiculate)金属物穿出座面和背面。6外部木制件表面应精致(refinement)光滑(slippery,as clean as a whistle)，无肯头、创痕、横茬、逆(contrary)纹、纹沟和机械(mechanical)损伤(disfigurement)，手摸(touch)感应无毛刺，外面应倒棱。圆角(round angle,corner)和弧度(radian)及线条应对称(symmetry)均匀(uniformity)。顺直光滑，不得有刀痕(mark,trace)砂痕。7外部油漆(paint)件应无粘漆(sticky)及剥落(flake away, scale off, flake off, shell off)，表面保持(retain,keep)光亮(brightness)，绝对没有灰尘(dust, speck,)之类的小斑点(stain, spot)。电镀(plate, plating, electroplate, galvanization, galvanoplastics)件镀层应无裂纹(flaw, crack, crackle)剥落(flake away, scale off, flake off, shell off)和返锈(rust)。(二)检测鉴别:1 用手去按沙发的扶手及靠背，如果会明显的感觉(feel)到木架的存在，则证明此沙发填充海绵(sponge)的密度(density)不高。弹性(elasticity, springiness, flexibility)也不够好。轻易被按到的沙发木架也会加速沙发套(slipcover)的磨损(wear and tear)，降低(reduce)沙发的使用寿命(product life)；2让您的身体呈自由落体(fall)坐在沙发上，身体至少要被沙发弹起(flip, spring)两次以上时，才能确保(insure)此套沙发弹性良好，并且使用寿命较长。（不包含老年人(old folks, senior citizen, the elderly)食用的硬度海绵）3 将沙发配套抱枕的拉链(slide fastener)打开，观察(look into)并用手触摸里面的衬布及填充(filled)物，好的沙发在这些细节(detail, particular, specific)上，品质也同样保持一致。4 让您的手长时间的触摸(feel,touch)沙发表面，感觉面料是否会有刺激(stimulate, activate,)皮肤(skin)的现象出现，观察沙发其前后所用面料是否一致；(三)选购沙发:看内部(interior,inside)垫层(filled)质量 时下高档(top grade)沙发座(seat)和背(back)的底面(underside)多采用尼龙带(nylon)和蛇簧交叉网编结构，上面分层(floor, layer)铺垫高弹(high elasticity)泡沫、喷胶棉和轻体泡沫(foam)。这种垫层回弹(elasticity)好，坐(sit)感舒适。中档沙发多以胶压(press with glue)纤维(fibre)板为座和背的底(below,bottom)板，上面分层铺垫中密度泡沫和喷胶棉。这种垫层坐感偏硬，回弹性稍差。看面料、缝纫(needlework, sewing)买皮沙发要选择皮面。真皮沙发分为全皮沙发和半皮沙发，每套全皮沙发要耗(cost)相当于10头黄牛(cattle)的牛皮，价值(value)很高，透气(breathe freely)和环保(environment-friendly)性能好，欧美等发达国家普遍使用全皮沙发。半皮沙发在沙发背部、底部和其他一些隐蔽(covert,shady)部位以PU革或人造革PVC代替牛皮，但人体直接(direct)接触部位仍为价值较高的牛皮，从而降低(reduce)了沙发的造价，比较(comparatively)经济(economy)实惠。沙发用皮分为黄牛皮和水牛(buffalo)皮，按层数分为头层皮、二层皮和三层皮等；按产地分为国产皮和进口皮。进口皮以意大利和德国进口的头层黄牛皮品质最佳，符合(accord with)严格的(strict)环保要求，色牢(firm)度高、弹性和透气性好，机械(mechanical)强度高，特别是撕裂(avulsion)强度和抗张(expand, outspread)强度高。优质真皮沙发选用的必须是头层黄牛皮。选购布艺沙发时应注意，沙发的座、背套宜为活套(flexible)结构，高档布艺沙发一般有棉布(cotton fabric,cloth)内衬，其他易污部位应可以换洗(washable)。沙发面料应当比较厚实(thick)，其克重在300克/平方米以上的较为经久耐用(durable, everlasting)，而且必须确保磨擦(attrition)12000次以上表面不起球(ball)。沙发面料可分为国产的和进口的，欧美专业厂家生产的沙发专用(special)面料品质优良，色差(chromatism,colour difference)极小，色牢度高，织品无纬斜(skew)，特别是一些高档面料为提高防污(prevent)能力，表面还进行了特种(special type)处理(treat with)。进口高档面料还具有抗静电(anlistatig)、阻燃等功能。买布艺沙发要选择面料经纬线细密平滑(smoothness)，无跳丝，无外露(come out)接头，手感有绷劲的。缝纫要看针脚是否均匀(equality)平直，两手用力扒接缝(joint)处看是否严密(rigorous, close, tight)，牙子边(side)是否滚圆丰满(full, round)。看包布(wrapped fabric,cloth) 包布要看面料是否紧紧贴覆(keep close to)内部填充(filled)物，是否平整(level up)挺括，特别是两个扶手和座、背结合处要过渡(transition)得自然(natural)、无碎褶(pleat,fold,tuck)。如果是圆形和半圆形(semicircular)扶手，要看圆弧(arc)处是否圆滑(smooth)流畅、丰满美观。花卉(flower)图案(pattern,design)或方格(pane)图案的面料要看拼接处(joint)花形是否搭配一致(accordant, coherent)，方格是否横(horizontal)平(flat)竖直(upright)，没有倾斜(incline,lean)或扭曲(distort,)。最后坐下来试一试，感觉一下座、背的倾角(obliquity)或背座上面弧度是否同腰(waist,middle)、背、臀及腿(leg)弯四个部位贴切吻合(inosculate)；枕部同背的高度是否合适(appropriate,right)，扶手高低是否同两只胳膊(arm)自然伸开放平时相合；坐感是否舒适，起立时是否自如。站起来后再看一下臀部、背靠部和扶手处的面料是否有明显松弛(looseness)且很久恢复(comeback)不了的褶子。看泡沫海绵的选择 高档沙发坐垫应使用密度在30公斤/立方米以上的高弹泡沫海绵，背垫应使用密度25公斤/立方米以上的高弹泡沫海绵。为提高坐卧舒适度，有些泡沫还在确保不降低密度的前提下，做了软处理(soft treatment)，有些在坐垫内设置立式弹簧(pocket spring)，使沙发具有更高的回弹性和抗老化(anti-aging)性能。一般情况下，人体坐下后沙发坐垫以凹陷(sunken)10厘米左右为最好.(五)选用沙发：1、功能尺寸：沙发款式与造型美观的同时，亦符合人提工程学，即造型美与舒适感相结合。按功能尺寸的要求选择：单人沙发座前宽B480mm，三人沙发B1440mm；沙发座深T=480mm600mm，座前高H1=360mm420mm；扶手高H250mm。还应注意人坐沙发上后，腰、背部应能与沙发靠背紧贴。2、弹簧：弹簧的装钉(nail)绷扎均应牢固(firm, deep-set, locked-in)，徒手重压座面应无金属摩擦(friction)撞击(impact)声。3配件：各种装饰性零件应率固无松动；外露金属配件表面及边沿(fringe,edge)处应无明显毛刺和缺口(gap, separation)；金属配件和弹簧不得生锈(rust)。有木架的沙发要求架不变形(not transformative)，不被腐蚀(erode)，油漆不发泡(froth)，不裂线(split, crack)及脱落(fall off, brush off)，表面光滑明亮，颜色协调(harmonious)。4、衬垫物：严禁使用不卫生的(insanitary, insalutary)杂物(sundries)和损伤(hurt)人体安全的物质，不允许使用旧料(second material)和霉烂(mildew)变质的衬垫料。5、颜色：注意沙发的皮色、款式与房间装饰的色彩及格调是否协调。(六)判断沙发质量 :沙发的内在质量不容忽视。普通消费者如果仅凭坐一坐、压一压是难以判断的。惟一的方法是看一看里面使用的弹簧、板材及海绵等填充物的质量。好的沙发，内部弹簧要求进行了防锈(anti-rust)处理，所用木材要求刨光(plane,polish)，不能有疤(scar)节等。凡不合格的均应属于劣质品。 目前，在沙发中弹簧已不太常用，大部分的沙发主要使用海棉及软纤维(soft fiber)，一张好沙发通常会用三种以上的不同密度的海棉和软纤维来塑造(shape)造型及实现(realize)不同部分应具有的不同软硬程度和总体的舒适度。另外，有一种简便地被许多人赞同的分辨沙发质量好坏的办法，即走到沙发背后，用双手扶着沙发后背向自己一侧下压，看沙发前部能否被翘起来，据称好沙发是不会被轻松翘起来的，使用这种方法完全不能让它有丝毫动摇者为最佳。这是一种简单区分沙发整体框架牢固度的好方法。(七)健康沙发工艺细则:A底架(frame):沙发的底架是产品能长期(long-term)使用的重要基础(base)。底架的选材是经过烘干(drying)、防虫(mothproof)等特殊工艺处理的优质硬木(hardwood)，由经验丰富的木工师傅精心制作而成(do,produce,finish)，可长久承受(endure,support)您的休息和孩子的蹦跳(caper, flip, frisk)，有着足够的适用性(applicability)、耐久性(wearability)。B 坐垫(mattress):海绵(sponge)是沙发主要用料，依据每款沙发的设计特点，选用高弹绵、中超绵、软超绵、加硬绵几个系列的海绵作为做店的制作材料。1 高弹(elasticity)绵：分为绿高弹和灰高弹两种。主要特点是密度高、回弹力及回弹硬度(rigidity)好，承压(endure,support,hold,bear,undertake)力强、不易变形、坐感舒适，是中高档沙发的理想坐垫用绵。2 软超绵：手感好、弹性佳、软硬度适中，通常是中高档沙发扶手及靠背用绵。3 中超绵：硬度弹性较好、密度适中、承压力强，多用于沙发的背面和侧面坐垫 。4 加硬绵：超高档沙发的坐垫与扶手的理想用绵。C 打底布:运用韧性(tenacity, toughness)强、富有弹力的优质细麻布(flax)打底，清爽干燥(dry)、透气(breathe freely)性好且结实(solid)耐用，适用于各种气候(climate)的地区。D 面料:为达到沙发的款式、造型与颜色的平衡(balance)，设计师精心选择其适用的面料，通常选用的为染色布和色织布，色牢度均达到国家的标准。手感细腻(exquisite)柔顺(facile)，立体感(third dimension)强，适合干洗(dry cleaning)，不变性不退色(fade)。E 金属配件:金属配件是沙发重要的组成部分，其品质的优劣直接影响沙发的观感、手感及耐用性，沙发的五金配件应一律选择表面处理无瑕疵(flaw)、光滑，电镀(plating)均匀的优质五金配件，已显现产品的材质美感。F 靠垫(cushion for leaning on)、抱枕:经过除尘(cleanness)、水洗(wash)、消毒(antisepsis, disinfection)、分毛和特殊的脱脂处理后的羽毛是沙发首选的填充材料，能有效达到防菌、防敏感的使用标准，且干爽舒适，无异味。而且低布采用高支纱的全棉纺织布，可防止羽毛外露。(八)沙发选料：1 面料:国产布、进口布。选用的布艺都是经公司用水洗(wash)、机洗(machine wash)和干洗(dry cleaning)测试(test,inspect)过，达到产品合格的标准，不掉色(fade)、不起球(ball)、不缩水(shrink)。植绒面料有防静电(anti-static)宜清洁和耐磨性的特点。2 沙发框架:经过选料-烘干(drying)-开料-刨光(plane,polish)等过程 。选用优质杂木、落叶松木材，采用烘干机，经过烘干刨光以后达到防腐防虫的效果。含水率(containing water or moisture rate)低于。3 海绵:使用高回弹，柔软、透气性能佳，回弹力强、不易变形(not distortion)的海绵。(九)沙发海绵的标准:分为：25、30、35、38高密度海绵正常的沙发应用密度在30公斤/立方米以上的高弹泡沫海绵，背垫应使用密度25公斤/立方米以上的高弹泡沫海绵。为提高坐卧舒适度，有些泡沫还在确保不降低密度的前提下，做了软处理，有些在坐垫内设置立式弹簧，使沙发具有更高的回弹性和抗老化性能。一般情况下，人体坐下后沙发坐垫以凹陷10厘米左右为最好坐垫分为全海绵坐垫和弹簧内芯坐垫。全海绵坐垫应使用高回弹，柔软、透气性能佳，回弹力强、不易变形的海绵；弹簧内芯坐垫应采用独立包装结构设计，内芯弹簧采用优质特殊加锰材料，上中下直径相等结构。家具，家居，沙发 木架 wood frame 单人桑拿沙发 arm chair 双人桑拿沙发loveseat棱角 sharp edge 海棉 foam 嵌条 welt cord 木架相关： 木架 Wood(en) frame 硬木、实木 Hard woodSolid wood 夹板, 胶合板Plywood 木材 Lumber 干燥的 Dried 树瘤 Tree tumor(Burls) 虫孔 Wormhole霉斑 Visible mold 蛇形簧 Serpentine spring/Zigzag spring 绷带 Elastic Bandage海绵相关： 海绵 Foam密度 Density 回性 Elasticity 软硬度Flex 硬的 Hard 软的 Soft 海绵包Sponge bag弹簧包 Spring Package 防火的 Fireproof 防火绵 Fireproof(ing) foam 英标防火绵 UK Standard Fireproofing Foam 美标防火绵 CA Standard Fireproofing Foam皮料相关： 真皮 Genuine leather 人造皮（合成革） Synthetic leather 进口皮 Imported leather再生皮 Bounded leather 头层皮 Top (leather) 二层皮Split (leather) 全粒面皮 Full grain leather 水牛皮 Buffalo leather （黄）牛皮Cattle hide PU、PVC两种做配皮的人造皮 色差 Color difference 色深 Color depth 颜色太深（浅）The color is dark(light).尺寸相关：（1英寸=2.54里面 1 Inch=2.54CM） 尺寸Dimension 长length 宽width 高 height 坐垫高Seat height扶手高Arm height桑拿沙发脚高度Sofa leg height桑拿沙发相关描述： 桑拿沙发床Sofa bed 功能桑拿沙发 Functional sofa 转角桑拿沙发Corner sofa组合桑拿沙发 Sectional sofa 功能椅 Function(al) chair 转椅 Swivel chair 单人位 Single chair、One seater sofa 两人位Love seat、Two seater sofa 三人位 Sofa、Three seater Sofa转角Corner躺位 Chaise loungu 坐垫 Seat Cushion靠背backr