文献翻译——基于AT89C52的学习型红外遥控器的设计

第页0外文文献资料LearningthedesignofinfraredremotecontrolAbstract:thispaperpresentsakindoflearningoftheinfraredremotecontroldesignschemebasedonAT89C52,aimstosolveallkindsofelectricremotecontrolinthemodernfamily,losscausedbytoomuchinconvenience.Thisplanwithmicrocontrollerpulsewidthismeasuredbycountingtheinfraredremotecontrolcode,andreductionofthecorrespondingremotecontrolcodefortheinfraredsignal,thusachievethegoaloflearningtheoriginalremotecontrolfunction.Thedesignofthecontroller,candepositsixteenremotecontrolcode,controlledbyninekeypointsinfourareas,eachareacorrespondingtothefourmainfunctionofakindofhouseholdappliances.FinallyhascarriedonthesimulationusingProteussoftware,verifythefeasibilityofthescheme.Keywords:infraredremotecontrol;Coding;ThesimulationInfraredremotecontrolisakindofusercanbeinonlyafewmetersormorethanadozenmetersawaycanbeoperatedforavarietyofelectricalcontroldevice,whichiswidelyappliedinhomeapplianceproducts,buttheproductoftheremotecontrolcannotbecompatiblewitheachother,hasresultedinanumberofremotecontrolmoreandmore,lifeisoftenconfusedwhenusing.Ifanotherremotecontrollost,findtheremotecontrolisalsoverydifficult.Whichhasthefunctionoflearningintelligentremotecontrolwithordinarylowcostsinglechipmicrocomputerasthecore,canremotecontrolcoding,decodingandmemoryandsimulatedlaunch,makearemotecontrolcanreplacemultipleremotecontrolmultiple第页1appliances.Atpresentthemostcommonintelligentremotecontrolonmarketcanonlytocontrolcertainkindsofproducts,isnotreallyauniversal.Thispaper,byusingordinaryMCUtothelaunchoftheremotecontrolsignalwaveformmeasurement,thenthemeasureddataofplayback.Becauseonlycareaboutthewidthofhighandlowlevelofemissionsignalwaveform,regardlessofhowthecode,sodotherealuniversal,andthecostislow.1alearningdesignprincipleoftheremotecontrolTheinfraredremotecontrolsystemisgeneralbyinfraredremotecontrolsignalencodingtransmitter(orencodingchipmicrocontroller),carrierwaveoscillator,infraredremotecontrolsignalreceiverandencoder(decoderchiporsinglechipmicrocomputer)andotherperipheralcircuitandotherparts.Remotecontrolsignalcodesendisusedtoproduceremotecontrolpulsecoding,throughthecarriermodulation,drivinginfraredtransmittingtubeinfraredremotecontrolsignaloutput.Infraredreceivertocompletetheremotecontrolsignalamplification,detection,plasticandtheremotecontrolcodepulsemodulation,pulseremotecontrolcodingisasetofconsecutiveserialbinarycode.Forgeneralremotecontrolsystemoftheserialcodeasthemicrocontrollerremotecontrolinputsignal,byitsinternalCPUtocompletethedecoding.Generalofinfraredremotecontrolforavarietyofintelligentelectronicremotecontrolsystem,usinginternaldecodingmicrocontrolleristousetheremotecontrolinstruction,becausegenerallyincompatibleremotecontrol.Inadditiontohardwarecircuitcomplex.Therefore,putforwardanewdesigntoimprovethem.第页2Byusingpulseinfraredcommunicationdatacoding,theso-calledpulsecoding,iswillrusheachdatasignalsusingapulse.Forexample,theapplicationofredoutercodingwithpulsewidth561us,cycle4*561usfor1;Withpulsewidth561us,cycle2*561usfor0.Pulsesignalismodulatedindutyratioforathird,onthecarrierfrequencyis38KHZsentoutagain,modulatedsignal1and0isshowninfigure1.Dohavetwobenefits:first,toreducetheeffectivelaunchtime,reducingtheaveragepowerconsumption,thisisveryimportanttoadoptabattery-poweredtransmitter;Second,externaldisturbancesignalsaregraded,anti-interference.Figure1Forthedesignofinfraredremotecontrolwithoutaunifiedstandardofinfraredremotecontrol.Sodifferentfromtheinfraredremotecontrolinstruction,theinitialcodeeacharenotidentical,andthebackofthecontrolinstructionhasaverybigdifference,eventheordercodedigitisnotthesame.Theinfraredcommandsignalacquisitionbyadoptingdigitaloscilloscope,findthemandstandardencodingdifferenceisbigger,butthebasiccodingideaisthesame,areindifferentperiod,differentdutyratioofpulseto0and1respectively.Differentremotecontrolofpulsecyclemaybedifferent,alsohavedifferentdutyratio.Remotecontroltothevarietyofthecommandsignal,thestudyfoundthesameequipmentremotecontrolremotecontrolinformationstartingcodeisthesame,thenthecommandinformationisdifferent.Differentinformationofremotecontroloftheremotecontrolcodestartbitisdifferent.第页3Informationforeachremotecontrolemissionarethepositiveandnegativepulseofawideforanarrowasthestarting,followedtheequipmentinformation,informationisacontrolinstructionbackagain.Inapplicationsystem,tocompletethedecodingofremotecontrolsignalandcontrolofthesystemfunction,mustunderstandtheremotecontrolsignalremotecontroltheformatoftheemittedpulseflow,namelythesignaltotheguidanceofhighandlowpulsewidth,0,1representation,identificationnumber,variousfunctionkeysandremotecontrolkeycode.Therecognitionofsignalshouldbeontheanalysisofthevarioushighandlowpulseflowtimeofpulse,throughanalysisofvarioushighandlowpulsetime,ananalysisofthenumberoftheletterformat.Becausewhatevercodemodulationoftheremotecontrolcodingway,thetotalcanbethoughtofascodingconsistsoftimecontinuationofhighandlowlevel,therefore,canbereadcontinuouslyconnectedtothereceivinghead,thevalueofI/Oport,withhighandlowleveltimecounterrecords.UsingordinaryAT89C52singlechipmicrocomputer,24MHZcrystals,infraredreceivingtubePH302,countingmethodbythesoftware,thetesttoidentifytheunknownformatletternumber.2ofhardwarecircuitprincipleLearningtheinfraredremotecontrolcircuitinterfacetothehardwaredesignblockdiagramisshowninfigure2.第页4Figure22.1hardwareisintroduced(1)mastercontroller:usingAT89C52.Isakindoflowpowerconsumption,highperformanceCMOS8AT89C52single-chipmicrocomputer.40pin,8kbflashonchipprogramstorage,256bytesofrandomdatastoragememory(RAM),32externalbidirectionalinput/output(I/O),level216vectorinterruptstructure;Three16programmabletimercounter,twofullduplexserialcommunicationport,watchdog(WDT)circuitandon-chiposcillatorclock.(2)thechoiceofthememory:becauseoftheremotecontrolcodedatavolumeisbigger,needtoexpandthememory.EEPROMread-writespeeddegreeislow,vulnerabletointerference.SRAMandbatteriestolinecomplex,poorreliability,movelikelytocauselossofdata.FerroelectricmemoryhasbothfastwritecharacteristicsofRAM,butalsohasaROMnon-volatile,thanthecurrentwidelyusedblockofEEPROMandFLASHhasmoreadvantages.(3)thelatch:using74ls373.373forthethreestateoutputof8Dtransparentlatch,atotalofs37354/74and54/74ls373twolinestructure.373forthethreestatesoutputof8dtransparentlatch,theoutputendofthe373O0-O7canbedirectlyconnectedtothebus.OEinthethreestatesallowcontrolsideisalowelectricity第页5atordinarytimes,O0-O7fornormallogic,canbeusedtodrivetheloadorbus.WhentheOEforhighelectricityatordinarytimes,O0-O7inhighimpedancestate,isdrivingthebus,norforthebusload,buttheinsideofthelatchlogicaloperationsarenotaffected.WhenlatchesallowendLEforhighelectricityatordinarytimes,withthedataDO.WhenLEforlowelectricityatordinarytimes,Olockeddatalevelexisthavebeenestablished.(4)infraredreceivingdemodulator:thePFS-4019.Thereceivingsensitivityishigher,generallyweakinfraredsignalscanbeamplifiedtenthousandtimesorso.Butatthesametimeintheamplificationofinfraredsignal,thejammingsignalisalsogrowing.Toeliminatethiskindofinterference,PFS-4019externaluseametalshieldingbox.DeviceinternalPH302byaninfraredreceivingtubeandamplifyingcircuit(CX20106).Itcanbedirectlywithvariousinfraredtubeswithvariouskindsofinfraredremotecontrolsystem,suchashomeappliancesremotecontrol,andvariousindustrialremotecontrol,etc.Somecarrierfrequencyoftheremotecontrolmightbe40KHZ,onlyslightlyenlargedtransmittedpowerisstillavailable38KHZcarrierfrequencyreceivingcircuitaction.Schematicdiagramisshowninfigure3.ExternalresistorandcapacitorcircuitCX20106amplifier2feetdecidedtoleadmagnification,whenR1reducedfrom4.7to0,circuitsensitivityishighest,theremotedistancecanbeupto12m,butatthemomentaresusceptibletointerference.ThecenteroftheexternalresistorsR2decidedtoreceive5footfrequencyF0.2.2infraredreceivingcircuitAlltheoutputoftheinfraredremotecontroliswiththeencodedserialdataof38KHZ40KHZsquarewavepulseamplitudemodulation.第页6Ifthemodulatedwaveismeasureddirectly,andthepulsewidthisonlymorethan20microseconds,duetothesinglechipmicrocomputerinstructioncycleisamicrosecond,willproducegreaterror.Therefore,shouldfirsttodemodulationofmodulatedwave,thewaveformmeasuredafterdemodulation.LearningcontrolkeytoswitchtotheCPUstate,thelearningstatusindicatorsLED1lit,whenpressacertainkeyequipmentselection,processadjustmentdatapointer(setbytheapplicationdeveloper),makeitpointtoaspecifieddatastoragethestartingunitoflengthdataarea,whileatthesametimeaccordingtothearticleandacontrolbuttonoftheremotecontrolbylearning,acontrolbuttonoftheremotecontrolwillbecontrolledbytheprogramtotheAT89C52P3.1pin(JR)outputlowlevel(theformerinitializationprogramsetittohighlevel),asshowninfigure4JR,thelevelsignalcanbeusedasanorgateUlAcontrollevel.WhenP3.1=0,UlAoutputtoinputthebelieve.ByD1,namelyU4infraredreceivingcircuitcomposedofthesignalsenttotheremotecontrolisresponsibleforreceivingarestudied,whenD1haveinfraredsignalinput,thesignalafterU4demodulation,plastic,amplification(thedecodingpulsewiththeoriginalcodepulsereversephase)by7pinoutput,thenorgateUlAbackwardthroughapinINtheinputtotheAT89C52P3.5pin,asshownINfigure3thefirsthighlevelpulsetoC4rapidcharging(choosetheR3andR4parameters,INordertopreventtherepeattrigger),atthesametime,throughtheU2AITpintoAT89C52INT1pinfallingedgeofasignal,aftertheCPUresponsetoaninterrupt,fromP3.5timingacquisitionUlAINinfraredcodingsignal,formingaseriesofbinarydigitalcode,andstoredIN8bitstoaspecifieddevice,specifythekeydataarea(canbeerrorcheckingbyrepeatingayard),soastocompleteakeylearning.第页7Figure32.3infraredemissioncircuitPresslearntocontroltheCPUswitchestocontrolstate,atthesametimecontrolstatusindicatorsLED2light(seefigure4),atthistimebypressingakeyequipmentselection,systemwillbeunderastateofcontrolofadevice,thenpressafunctioncontrolkey,thesystemthroughtheequipmentandthefunctionkeyaddressing,findthecorrespondingfunctionkeyscorrespondingequipmentdatastoreaddress(bystudyingthekeyfunctionatthepointofacquisition),inturn,readthedata,theprogramcontrolCPUmade40KHZpulseoutputfromP3.4,againbyQ1amplifier,driverD4forinfraredremotecontrolsignaloutput,toachievethefunctionofaselectedequipmentcontrol.第页8Figure43theprogramdesign3.1initializationfunctionInitializationfunctionisthemaintaskoftheqingdynastystoredpulsewidthdataunit,closestudyandtheemissionlight,remotecontroloutput,thetimerT1issetto8toautomaticreinstallmode,settheinterrupt,etc.3.2remotecontrolcodeintoprocessingfunctionRemotecontrolcodeprocessingfunctionoflearningismainlyfromtheoriginalremotecontrolpulsewidthinturnintothememoryunit,storingrulesfortheevenaddressunit(0,2,4,6,etc.)forhighlevelpulsewidthdata,oddaddressunit(1,3,5,etc.)forlowlevelpulsewidthdata.Definitionfiledividesthe4096unitstoholdsixteenpulsewidthdatafortheremotecontrolcode,eachpulsewidthfortheremotecontrolcodedataof206units,conformtotherequirementsofthedailymaximumcodelengthoftheremotecontrol.第页9Accordingtothedifferenttypesofremotecontrolcodewaveformcharacteristics,theframefortheremotecontrolcodegapwidthareinmorethan10ms,startingyardswidebetweenus100-20ms,codinginus100-3.5ms,inordertoensureallremotecontrolcodelearningsuccess,usethefollowingmethod.Methods:readastartbitonseparate2bytes,countcycleisabout15us,becauseofthestartbityardswiderangeislarger,sothecountingunitsamplingcalculateby65535*15usmaximumstartbitpulsewidthis983ms.Whenstopstartcounting,intohighlevelcount.Readremotecontrolcodingmethod:usingabytecountunitcode(highlevelorlowlevel)forcountingpulsewidth,leveljumpwhentheendofthecount,andthedatainthespecifiedaddress.InhighelectricalPingMacount,whenthecountervalueisgreaterthan255pulsewide(3.825ms),todeterminetheendframeinterval,writteninthecorrespondingstorageunitnumber0x00asendmark.Controlcodeintotheprocessingfunctionoftheflowchartshowninfigure5.Figure5第页103.3remotecontrolcodeprocessingfunctionRemotecontrolcodetolaunchtheprocessingfunctionwillbetheoriginaldataintounitpulsebackinto40KHZsquarewave,usingthetimerT1interruptionfunctionproduces40KHZcarrier,modulationwaveoutputfromP3.5feet.Usingtheoriginalreadinthelowlevelof40KHZsquarewavedurationcontrol,andtheformerreadinasahighlevelofhair40KHZsquarewavepulsewidthdatawillbeusedascontrol.Inordertomakethesixteenintervaloftheremotecontrolcodeaccurately,setuptheninekey(S1totheintegrated)fourregionalcontrol.TheS1-S4correspondingtothefourareas,eachareabytheS5-theS8fourfunctionkeyscorrespondingtothesameelectricalappliances.Soafterenteringanareatothecorrespondingelectriccontrol.ButbecauseeveryareaSharedS1-S4,ifchoosenotdirectlywithS5-theS8couldswitchfromoneareatoanotherarea.Thereforesetupaintegratedexitkey.Whengoingintoanotherarea,pressexittoreturntotheinitialstate.TocontroltheTV,forexample,pressS5afterenteringtheTVremotecontrolcodeline,pressS1-S4RenYijiancansendcorrespondingremotecontrolcode.Andthentocontroltheairconditioning,pressexitaftertheintegrated,pressS6,thencanpressS1-S4RenYijiansendcorrespondingremotecontrolcode.3.4themainfunctionMainfunctiononthecompletequerypointafterinitializationportbuttons,whenconfirmlaunchkeykeypresswillbeissuedcoding,quitbuttonpressreturntothestartingstate.第页113.5readandwriteoperationsandstoragemodelFallingedgeofthereadoperationbeganin/CE,atthismoment,theaddressislatchedatthesametimeamemorycycleisinitialized.Onceyoubegin,acompletecyclewillbecompletedintheinternalmemory,evenif/CEissetasinvalid.Aftertheaccesstimemeetdataavailableonthebus.Whentheaddressislatched,thevaluemustsatisfythemaintaintimeparameter(atleast60ns)tochange.UnlikeSRAM,addresslatchchangedvalueswillnotaffecttheSRAMmemoryoperations.When/OEissettolowelectricityatordinarytimes,FM1608willdrivedatabus,if/OEkeeplowleveltomeetthememoryaccesswiththetime,thenthedatabuswillwithlegaldatadriven,if/OEbeforemeetmemoryaccesstimeisinvalid,thenthelegaldatawillnotbeavailablebeforethedatabusdriver.Thisfeaturebyeliminatingillegaldatatoreducethesystemtransientcurrent,when/OEinthedynamicstate,databuswillstaythreestates.FM1608writeslikeareadoperationisveryfast,FM1608support/CEand/WEwritecyclecontrol,inallcases,theaddresswaslatchedonthefallingedgeofthe/CE.In/CEcontrolofwriteoperation,/WEsignalbeforestartingmemorycycleissetup,thatistosay,thefallin/CE/WEaslowlevel,inthiscase,thedevicestartsawriteoperationcycle,nomatter/OEthatdescribesthestateFM1608wouldntdrivethedatabus.In/writecycle,WEcontrolthememorycycle,thestartofthefallingedgeofthe/CE/WEsignalonlyafter/CEproducefallingedgedrop,so,asreadmemorycyclebegan,whetherthedatabusdriverdependsonthestateofOE,until/WEdropalongthearrival.Duetotheexpansionofthestoreddataismore,apieceofcompletecompatiblewithSRAM62464FM1608asamemory.StoredatamodelwithaLARGEmodel.InLARGEmode,compiletimefunctionparametersandvariablesbydefault64KBofRAMspace,outsidethe第页12pieceforthexdatamemorytype.Variablesintheprocessofstoragepatternsspecifiedby#pragmapreprocessingcommand,thefunctionofstoragepatternscanbeshowedbybehindthefunctiondefinitionwithstoragemode.Ifnotspecified,thesystemisimpliedtoSMALLmode.4thesimulation4.1thesimulationstepsandresultsIntheProteussoftwareenvironmentafterimporthardwareprinciplediagramandtheprogramsimulationincludesfoursteps:Thefirststep:accordingtothecharacteristicsofinfraredremotecontrolcodewaveform,setthestartbitwaveformto3ms,codingfor1ms,coding50ms,longintervalof10ms.Launchthecontinuouswaveassimulationinputsignal.Step2:intheabsenceofextendedmemory,thatisaremotecontrolcodewaveformsimulation.Throughobservation,studykeypress,afterlearning,light(studylamp)onsaidislearning.Putoutafterthelearningprocessiscomplete,launchlights(lamp).Accordingtothelaunchbuttonlightsflashing,saiditwaslaunching.Launchafterthelightswentout,andcomplete.Thesimulationwaveformisshowninfigure6.Redistheinputwaveform,yellowisfiringwaveform.Emissionwaveforms(40KHZcarriermodulation)andreceivingwaveformalmostunanimously.第页13Figure6Figure7Step3:simulationextendedmemoryandsinglechipmicrocomputerconnectionandthecorrectnessofthereadandwritedata.Writedataatthespecifiedaddress,andthenreadoutdata,toseeifconsistent.Step4:foracomprehensivesimulationcircuit;Testedthefourregionalemissionwaveforms.Bythetestwaveformmatchandtheidealsituation,keyprogramiscorrect.Figure7isaregionaloutlinethreekeylaunchwaveform.4.2themainperformanceindex(1)readcodebiggestlearningcodelength:206-bit.(2)readdecodercodeidentificationscope:startbit:15sto1.376s,coding:15s3.355ms.(3)readthecodeerror:+15s.第页14(4)readdecoderframeintermittentscopeofrecognition:lessthan1.37s,morethan.5355msThisdesignistocorrelatemicrocontrollertechnologyanddailylifeofanapplication,canbeusedasatypicalexampleofstudentsautonomouslearning,aswellasothersingle-chipcomputerenthusiaststoprovideareferencesolutionappliedresearch.第页15中文翻译稿基于AT89C52的学习型红外遥控器的设计摘要:本文提出一种基于AT89C52的学习型红外遥控器的设计方案，旨在解决现代家庭中各种电器的遥控器过多、丢失等引起的不便。此方案用单片机通过计数方式测量红外遥控编码脉冲宽度，并还原相应的遥控编码为红外信号，从而达到学习原遥控器功能的目的。本次设计利的控制器，可存放十六个遥控代码，采用九键分四区域控制，每一区域对应一种家庭电器的四种主要功能。文章最后利用Proteus软件进行了仿真，验证了此方案的可行性。关键词:红外遥控;编码;仿真红外遥控器是一种用户可以在几米甚至十几米外就能对各种电器进行操作控制的装置，在家电产品中有广泛应用，但各产品的遥控器不能相互兼容，使得生活中遥控器数目也越来越多，使用时常常混淆。另外若遥控器丢失，找到配套的遥控器也很困难。具有学习功能的智能遥控器以普通的低成本单片机为核心，能解码与记忆遥控器编码，并模拟发射，使一个遥控器可以代替多个遥控器控制多个电器。目前市面上常见的智能遥控器大多只能对某几种产品进行控制，不是真正的“万能”。本文利用普通单片机对遥控器的发射信号的波形进行测量，然后将测量的数据回放。由于只关心发射信号波形中的高低电平的宽度，而不管其如何编码，因此做到了真正的“万能”，而且成本很低。1学习型遥控器的设计原理一般的红外遥控系统是由红外遥控信号编码发送器(编码芯片或者单片机)、载波振荡器、红外遥控信号接收器和编码器(解码芯片或者单片机)及其他外围电路等部分组成。遥控信号编码发送器用以产生遥控编码脉冲，经过载波第页16调制、驱动红外发射管输出红外遥控信号。红外接收器完成对遥控信号的放大、检波、整形并调制出遥控编码脉冲，遥控编码脉冲是一组连续的串行二进制码。对于一般的遥控系统此串行码作为微控制器的遥控输入信号，由其内部CPU完成解码。一般的红外遥控器对于各种智能电子遥控系统来说，利用微控制器内部解码出的遥控指令是不利于利用的，因为一般遥控器互不兼容。此外硬件电路复杂。故提出一种新的设计加以改善。因红外通讯数据采用脉冲编码，所谓脉冲编码，就是将每位数据信号用一个脉冲来表示。例如程序的红外编码以脉宽561us、周期4*561us代表“1”;以脉宽561us、周期2*561us代表“0”。脉冲信号都调制在占空比为1/3，频率为38kHz的载波上再发送出去，调制后的信号“1”和“0”如图1所示。这样做有两点好处:第一，减少了有效的发射时间，有利于降低平均功耗，这对于采用干电池供电的发射器十分重要;第二，外部干扰信号多为缓变信号，有利于抗干扰。图1因为红外遥控器的设计没有遵循统一的红外遥控标准。所以不同的遥控器发出的红外指令中，起始码各不相同，而且后面的控制指令差别也很大，甚至指令码的位数也不相同。通过采用数字示波器对红外指令信号进行采集，发现它们和标准的编码方式差别较大，但基本的编码思想是相同的，都是采用不同的周期、不同占空比的脉冲来分别表示0和1。不同遥控器的脉冲周期可能不同，占空比也不尽相同。对多种遥控器的指令信号研究发现，相同设备的遥控器的遥控信息的起始码是相同的，而后面的指令信息是不同的。不同遥控器的遥控信息码起始位则是不同的。每种遥控器发射的信息都是以个一宽一窄的正负脉冲为起始，后面紧跟设备信息，再后面才是控制指令信息。在应用系统中，要完成对遥控器信号的解码并对系统功能的控制，必须了解遥控器信号码遥控器所发