初高中英语语法衔接系列（二）时态与语态.ppt

初高中英语语法衔接系列 二 时态与语态 一 动词时态英语的时态从时间上来看 可分为 现在 过去 将来 和 过去将来 四大类 动词共有十六种不同时态 但常用的时态有 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 过去将来时 现在完成进行时 将来完成时和将来进行时 1 经常性 习惯性的动作Igotoworkbybus 2 现在的特征或状态IamateacherandIteachEnglish Ilovesports 3 普遍真理Lighttravelsfasterthansound Waterboilsat100 I 一般现在时 2 谓语构成1 肯定句 谓语用动词原形或第三人称单数Tom sparents toworkbybikeeveryday go LiTao Englisheverymorning studies 2 否定句 谓语用don t doesn t加动词原形构成I notget upatsixeverymorning don tget She notwatch TVintheevening doesn twatch 3 一般问句 用Do或Does加陈述句 谓语动词用原形 he work inaplasticfactory No hedoesn t Doeswork 4 特殊问句 疑问词加一般问句 doyouwritetohim Onceamonth Howoften II 一般过去时 1 一般过去时用法 句中常有表示过去的时间状语如yesterday in1989 once lastweek month year atthattime justnow等1 表示在过去时间里发生的动作或存在的状态Heboughtanewbikelastweek Theywereintheofficejustnow 2 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作WhenIwasasmallchild Ioftenwenttothatparkandplayedfootball 2 谓语构成1 肯定句 谓语用动词的过去式Yesterday I toashopand apen went bought 2 否定句 助动词didn t加动词原形She take anymoneywithherthatday didn ttake 3 一般问句 助动词Did加陈述句 动词用原形 you tothecinemalastnight No Ididn t Did go 4 特殊问句 疑问词 一般问句 youfindyourkey I itundermydesk Where did found 特殊句式1 It stimewe have arest had It s high time后从句谓语用过去式 2 Iwouldratherhe come withyou came wouldrather后从句谓语一般用过去式 III 一般将来时 1 一般将来时用法 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态IwillgotoTibetsomedaybyplane Hewillbebusytonight 2 谓语构成1 肯定句 1 will加动词原形 第一人称也可用shall She backintwentyminutes willcome 2 begoingto加动词原形a 打算 计划做某事I adictionarytomorrow amgoingtobuy b 即将 眼看要发生Lookatthedarkclouds It isgoingtorain 3 beto加动词原形 安排好的事We attheentranceofthepark aretomeet 4 按时刻表进行的 可用现在时表示将来Theplane ataquarterpastnine arrives 5 用进行时表示将来They leave tomorrow areleaving come leave go move start arrive stay 6 主句是将来时 条件从句用现在时We go totheparkifit not rain tomorrow willgo doesn train 2 否定句 will shall加not won t shan tHe cometothepartytomorrow b We give ittohimwhenhe arrive willgive arrives c One not learn Englishwellunlesshe study hard willnotlearn studies won t Will wehaveabreak Shall d Ifshewillmakefriendswithme Iwillbehappy 3 一般问句 将will提到句首 第一人称用shall yougototheSummerPalacewithus 4 疑问词 一般问句 shallwemeetnexttime Whenandwhere ishegoingtodotomorrowafternoon What willheturntoforhelp Who shallwedoifthereisnobus What IV 现在进行时 1 现在进行时用法 1 表示此时此刻正在进行的动作Iamteachingandyouarelisteningtome 2 表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作Heiswritingabookthisweek 3 与always连用表示赞扬 不满等情绪Thegirlisalwayssmilinghappily Youarealwaysmakingthesamemistake 2 谓语构成 be动词 am is are 现在分词Tom smother watch TVandhisfather read newspaper iswatching isreading 2 否定句在be动词后加not一般问句只需把be动词提到句首They not play football They play basketball arenotplaying areplaying she do herhomeworknow No sheisn t she write aletter Is doing iswriting Who ourteacher talk with He withmyfather is talking istalking V 过去进行时 1 过去进行时用法表示过去某一时刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作HewaswatchingTVwhenIcamein 2 谓语构成be动词 was were 现在分词a She see afilmwithherfriendthistimeyesterday wasseeing b We footballwhenitbegantorain wereplaying VI 现在完成时 1 现在完成时用法 1 表示动作已经完成 强调发生在过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 Ihavefinishedmywork Hehasfoundhislostkey 2 表示从过去某时开始一直延续到现在的动作或状态Theyhaveworkedinthatfactoryfortenyears 2 谓语构成 助动词 have has 过去分词We onehundredappletreesthisyear haveplanted MissLi anEnglish Chinesedictionary hasbought 2 否定句 在助动词 have has 后加not haven t hasn tI not finish readingthenovel 3 havebeen与havegone的区别HehasbeentoWashingtontwice 去过HehasgonetoWashington 去了 现在不在这里 haven tfinished Themeetingwillbegininfiveminutesbutshe not come yet hasn tcome 3 一般问句 把助动词 have has 提到句首 you hand inyourhomework No Ihaven t Have handed he tell youtheexcitingnews Yes hehas Has told VII 过去完成时 1 过去完成时用法 表示过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成的动作WhenIarrived thefilm begin 2 过去完成时构成 had 过去分词WhenIgothome they get supperready hadbegun They learn ChineseforayearbeforetheycametoChina hadlearned He finish writingthereportbytheendoflastmonth hadfinished Shetoldusherparents work inthehospitalfortwentyyears hadworked hadgot Hesaidhe toJapantwice hadbeen 特殊句式1 Hardly we begin whenweweretoldtostop had begun 2 Nosooner themurderer come backhomethanhewasarrested had come Hardly when Nosooner than 一 就 前一时态用过去完成时 后一时态用过去时 VIII 过去将来时 1 过去将来时用法 表示在过去某一时间看来将要发生的动作HesaidhewouldvisitthePalaceMuseumthenextweek 2 过去将来时构成 would 动原或was were goingto 动原Hetoldmehe take metotheUSthenextmonth wouldtake Theysaidthey not allow anyreportertoentertheirfactory wouldn tallow Wetoldherwe send hertoBeijing weregoingtosend IX 现在完成进行时 1 用法从过去开始的动作不间断地延续到现在 有可能继续持续下去 2 谓语构成 have hasbeendoing havebeenwaiting It rain sincethisMonday hasbeenraining We wait forhimforthreehours 将来完成时 willhavedone 表示到将来的某个时间已经完成的行为 We complete thebuildingbytheendofnextyear willhavecompleted willbehaving 将来进行时 willbedoing 表示在将来的某个时间里正在进行的动作 Pleaseaskhimnottophonemewhenhecomes I have ameetingat3o clockthisafternoon 动词的语态 主动语态 被动语态 主语是动作的执行者 Wewatertheflowersonceaweek Theycaughtthethiefstealingabike 主语是动作的承受者 Theflowersarewateredonceaweek Thethiefwascaughtstealingabike 一 被动语态的构成 be动词 及物动词的过去分词二 各种时态的被动语态 主动句变被动句 a 主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语b 被动句的谓语由 be 原主动句谓语动词的过去分词 构成 由be体现时态 语态变了 时态不能变 c 主动句的主语变为by的宾语 可省略1 一般现在时 Thedustmencleanthestreeteverymorning Thestreet iscleaned bythedustmen everymorning Thestreetiscleanedeverymorning am is are 过去分词 2 一般过去时 Wehidtheballbehindthedoorlastnight Theball behindthedoorbyuslastnight was were 过去分词 3 一般将来时 Theywillplantsomepinetreesinthepark Somepinetrees inthepark willbe 过去分词 4 现在进行时 Theworkersarebuildinganewbridgeovertheriver Anewbridge overtheriver am is are being 过去分词 5 过去进行时 ThedoctorswereoperatingonhimwhenIarrived He whenIarrived was were being 过去分词 washidden willbeplanted isbeingbuilt wasbeingoperatedon 6 现在完成时 Hehaspostedalltheletters Alltheletters have has been 过去分词 1 双宾语 一个变主语 另一个不动 间宾前加介词 MyfriendboughtmetwoEnglishbooks I twoEnglishbooks TwoEnglishbooks forme 2 主动句中省去的to 被动句中要写出来Thebossmadetheworkers 14hoursaday Theworkersweremade 14hoursaday 情态动词 Youmustreturnthebooktomorrow Thebook tomorrow must can may be 过去分词 havebeenposted mustbereturned wasbought werebought work towork 练习 变被动语态1 She