（天津专版）2018年高考英语二轮复习 专题一 语法知识 第八讲 名词性从句.doc

第八讲名词性从句考点1what和that引导的名词性从句1we choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to 20，half of_ it used to charge.(2017江苏，26)athat bwhichcwhat dhow答案c解析考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：我们选择这家旅馆，因为这里一晚的价格降到了20美元，这是它以前要价的一半。从句意看，本句的half of部分在句中作 20的同位语，由此可知这里要用what引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语，同时what在宾语从句中又作charge的宾语，因此选c。2it is often the case _ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.(2016江苏，21) awhy bwhat cas dthat答案d解析考查主语从句的引导词。句意为：通常情况下，对于那些心存希望的人来说，一切皆有可能。本句中的it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的名词性从句，从句结构完整，不缺成分，故要用that引导。3the most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.(2016北京，29)awhat bthat cwhether dwhy答案b解析考查表语从句的引导词。句意为：雨季最令人愉快的事情是人可以完全不受灰尘的袭扰。分析句子结构可知，is后的表语从句中不缺少成分，且句意完整，故选b。4a ship in harbor is safe，but thats not _ ships are built for.(2015安徽，25)awhat bwhomcwhy dwhen答案a解析考查表语从句的引导词。句意为：船停在港口里是很安全的，但这并非建造船的目的。空格处引导的从句作表语，表语从句中的for后缺少宾语，用what引导，故选a。why和when是连接副词，不能作宾语；whom指人。5if you swim in a river or lake，be sure to investigate _ is below the water surface.often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.(2015浙江，6)awhat bwhocthat dwhoever答案a解析考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：如果你在河里或湖里游泳的话，务必调查清楚水面之下有什么。水中经常隐藏着石头或树枝。分析句子结构可知，此处investigate后跟宾语从句，从句缺少主语，故用what引导。who与whoever都可以作主语，但是不符合句意；that在名词性从句中仅仅起连接作用，不作句子成分。考点归纳1what引导名词性从句的五种用法：(1)表示“的东西或事情”： theyve done what they can to help her.他们已经尽力帮助了她。he saves what he earns.他赚多少，积蓄多少。 (2)表示“的人或的样子”： he is no longer what he was.他已经不是以前的那个样子了。 who is it that has made fred what he is now?是谁把弗雷德培养成现在这个样子的？(3)表示“的数量或数目”： our income is now double what it was ten years ago.我们现在的收入是10年前的两倍。 the number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation.现在我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。 (4)表示“时间”： after what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.似乎过了几个小时他才苦笑着出来。 the young girl was too frightened to speak，standing there for what seemed like hours.小女孩吓得不敢说话，大概在那儿站了几个小时。 (5)表示“的地方”： this is what they call salt lake city.这就是他们称为盐湖城的地方。 in 1492，columbus reached what is now called america.1492年哥伦布到达了现在所称的美洲大陆。 2what 与that引导名词性从句时的区别：两者均可引导主语、表语、宾语从句。that 可引导同位语从句，但 what 通常不用于引导同位语从句；what 可在从句中用作主语、宾语或表语，意为“什么”或“所的”，而 that 仅起连接作用，本身没有实际意义，在从句中也不充当任何句子成分(引导宾语从句时通常可以省略，如果有两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句，第一个从句的引导词that可以省略，其余的不能省略)。he doesnt know what she likes.他不知道她喜欢什么。i believe (that) he will come to see us.我相信他会来看我们的。i had no idea that you were here.我不知道你在这儿。考点2同位语从句与定语从句的区别1the manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant.there is too much work to do.(2016天津，11)awhether bthat cwhich dwhat 答案b解析考查同位语从句的引导词。句意为：经理提了个建议我们应雇个助手。要做的工作太多了。分析句子结构可知，空格后的同位语从句用来解释说明suggestion的具体内容，从句中不缺成分且意义完整，故选b项。2after investigation，the police found out one clue _ voices were heard calling for help from some very distant place that day.(2016南京、盐城高三一模，26)awhere bwhencthat dwhose 答案c 解析句意为：在调查之后，警察发现了一条线索，那天有人听到远处某个地方传来了呼救声。设空处引导同位语从句，从句意义、结构完整，应用that引导，补充说明one clue的具体内容。考点归纳1判断是同位语从句还是定语从句可以用“加词”的方法，即在名词和从句之间加入一个be动词，如果句子意思成立，则是同位语从句，否则，则是定语从句。the notice that the meeting had to be put off was true.(同位语从句) 会议不得不推迟的通知是真的。the notice was that the meeting had to be put off.the notice that he read just now was true.(定语从句)他刚才读的那则通知是真的。2在某些名词后的同位语从句中，其谓语动词应用虚拟语气形式：(should)动词原形。常见的名词有demand，request，advice，suggestion，order，plan，proposal等。the suggestion that a new bridge (should) be built was accepted.在这里修建一座新桥的建议被采纳了。考点3名词性从句中whether与if的比较1she asked me _ i had returned the books to the library，and i admitted that i hadnt.(2017天津，4)awhen bwherecwhether dwhat答案c解析考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：她问我是否(whether)已将那些书还给了图书馆，我承认还没还。when什么时候；where在哪里；what什么，均不符合语境。2we have offered him the position，but i dont have the slightest idea _ he will accept it.ahow bifcwhether dthat答案c解析考查同位语从句的引导词。句意为：我们给他提供了这个职位，但是不知道他是否会接受。whether he will accept it是对前面名词idea内容的补充说明。在同位语从句中表“是否”只可用whether不可用if。3it is still under discussion _ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.awhether bwhencwhich dwhere答案a解析考查主语从句的引导词。句意为：老汽车站是否应该被一个现代化的宾馆代替仍然在讨论之中。由or not可知此处应用连接词whether。whether.or not意为“是否”。考点归纳whether和if在宾语从句中经常可以互换，但与or或or not连用时只能用whether；从句作介词的宾语时只能用whether。在引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时一般用whether不用if。i asked the teacher whether/if it was true.我问老师这是否是真的。it all depends on whether theyll help us.这完全取决于他们是否帮助我们。the question was whether tom has gone to shanghai.问题是汤姆是否到上海去了。the problem whether it is right or wrong has not yet been discussed.这个问题是否正确还没讨论。考点4when，where，how，why引导的名词性从句1jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street，not knowing _ she was heading.(2017北京，26)awhy bwherechow dwhen答案b解析考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：简沿着绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着，并不知道要去哪里(where)。why为什么；how怎样；when什么时候。2we must find out _ karl is coming，so we can book a room for him.(2015重庆，8)awhen bhowcwhere dwhy答案a解析考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：我们一定要搞清楚卡尔什么时候来，以便我们给他订房间。由句意可知，要给卡尔订房间，那么就要清楚他来这里的时间，故选when。3_ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.(2015北京，35)awhere bhowcwhy dwhen答案b解析考查主语从句的引导词。句意为：我们怎样理解事物与我们所感觉到的东西有很大关系。 分析句子结构可知“_ we understand things”为主语从句，结合句意可知选b。4the exhibition tells us_ we should do something to stop air pollution.(2015四川，8)awhere bwhycwhat dwhich答案b解析考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：这个展览告诉了我们为什么我们要做些事情来阻止空气污染。宾语从句中缺少状语，故选项c、d错误；where引导地点状语从句，不符合题意。故选why，表示“的原因”。5_ li bai，a great chinese poet，was born is known to the public，but some wont accept it.(2015江苏，25)athat bwhycwhere dhow答案c解析考查主语从句的引导词。句意为：李白，一个伟大的中国诗人，其出生地是众所周知的，但也有一些人不接受它。“where li bai.was born”作该句子的主语，表示“李白出生的地方”。考点归纳连接副词指的是既具有副词的特点，同时又能引导从句的词，主要有when，where，how，why等。这些词在从句中既作特定的成分，又有具体的含义，不能省略。大多数连接副词表示疑问意义。when we shall meet again is unknown.我们何时才能再相见还不知道呢。(when引导主语从句，表示疑问)i dont know how i can get out of such trouble.我真不知道如何才能摆脱这种困境。(how引导宾语从句，表示疑问)this is where the accident happened.这是事故发生的地方。(where引导表语从句，不表疑问)i have no idea why he left here.我不知道他为什么离开这里。(why引导同位语从句，表示疑问)考点5“疑问词-ever”引导的名词性从句1every year，_ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the kite festival.(2017北京，23)awhatever bwhoevercwhomever dwhichever答案b解析考查主语从句的引导词。句意为：每年，在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人会赢得奖品。whoever无论谁，表泛指，在句中作主语，相当于anyone who。whomever在句中只能作宾语，不合题意；whatever任何的事物；whichever无论哪个，无论哪些。2your support is important to our work._ you can do helps.(2016北京，24)ahowever bwhoevercwhatever dwherever答案c解析考查主语从句的引导词。句意为：你们的支持对我们的工作很重要，无论你们做什么都会有帮助。从句动词do需要宾语，且引导主语从句，故用whatever，表示“无论什么”。3some people believe _ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.(2014北京，33)awhatever bwhenevercwherever dhowever答案a解析考查宾语从句的引导词。believe后是宾语从句且从句中缺少主语，四个选项中只有whatever可以作主语。考点归纳whichever，whatever，whoever引导名词性从句，它们本身有词义，既有连接从句的作用，又在从句中分别充当主语、宾语、定语成分，起强调作用，意为“无论，不管”。the club will give whoever wins a prize.俱乐部将给得胜者奖励。(宾语从句)i believe whatever he says.我相信他所说的一切。(宾语从句)whoever wants to reach a distant goal must take many small steps.不论谁，要想实现一个远大的目标，就必须采取许多细小的步骤。(主语从句)方法1位置判断法根据名词性从句的句子特点及其所处的位置，判断出属于哪一种从句，从而确定连接词的种类，也有助于对句子的理解。what he said astonished us.他所说的话使我们很惊奇。(从句在主语位置，为主语从句)everything depends on whether you have enough money.一切都看你是否有足够多的钱。(从句在介词后，作介词的宾语，为宾语从句)the question is where well go this sunday.问题是我们这个周日去哪儿。(从句在is后，为表语从句)he expressed the hope that he would come to china again.他表达了再来中国的愿望。(从句在抽象名词后，对名词进行解释说明，为同位语从句)典例1_ some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.awhether bwhatcthat dhow答案b解析考查主语从句的引导词。句意为：一些人眼中的缺点是别人眼中的优点。分析句子可知，_ some people regard as a drawback为主语从句，且从句中缺宾语，只能用what来引导。that引导主语从句不作成分。典例2one reason for her preference for city life is _ she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.athat bhowcwhat dwhy答案a解析考查表语从句的引导词。系动词is之后是一个表语从句，而从句的结构完整，不缺少任何成分，所以用that引导。方法2语序判断法一般来说，名词性从句中(当然不只是名词性从句，其他从句也是如此)，从句的语序要用陈述语序，这样也就很容易作答了。典例when changing lanes，a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know _.ahe is entering which lanebwhich lane he is enteringcis he entering which lanedwhich lane is he entering答案b解析考查宾语从句。which引导的从句作know的宾语，从句用陈述语序。故b项为正确答案。方法3句子成分分析法看从句缺不缺成分，不缺就用that，whether或if；缺成分就用wh-类连接词(包括how，because等)。典例1we havent discussed yet _ we are going to place our new furniture.athat bwhichcwhat dwhere答案d解析句意为：我们还没有讨论把我们的新家具放在哪里。分析句子可知，此题考查宾语从句。宾语从句中缺少地点状语，因此选择d。典例2reading her biography，i was lost in admiration for _ doris lessing had achieved in literature.(2015陕西，19)awhat bthatcwhy dhow答案a解析考查宾语从句的引导词。句意为：读了多丽丝莱辛的传记，我对她在文学上取得的成就钦佩不已。分析句子结构可知，介词for后接的是宾语从句，从句中缺少achieve的宾语，故用what引导。强化练(八)1what surprised us most is that he doesnt know _ the differences between the two books lie.(2017天津十二所重点中学二模，4)athat bwhatcwhich dwhere答案d解析句意为：最让我们吃惊的是，他不知道这两本书的区别在哪里。宾语从句中缺地点状语，故选where。2you oughtnt to have gone out without a coat yesterday.it wasnt surprising _ you caught a cold.(2017红桥区二模，13)awhether bwhychow dthat答案d解析句意为：你昨天本不应该不穿外套就出去的。你感冒了并不奇怪。it为形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。主语从句结构、意思完整，故用连接词that。3the store said if the melons didnt sell at the asking price within two weeks，it would sell them to _ offers the most money.(2017河东区一模，7)awho bwhoevercno matter who dwhomever答案b解析句意为：商店说如果甜瓜两个星期内不能以要价卖出，它会把它们卖给出钱最多的任何人。此处whoeveranyone who。4as john lennon once said，life is _ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.(2017和平区三模，4)awhich bthatcwhat dwhere答案c解析这是一个表语从句，表语从句中缺少主语，故用what来引导，选c。5the chinese people are hopeful about _ 2017 will bring for their families and the country.(2017天津十二所重点中学一模，7)ahow bwhichcwhat dthat答案c解析句意为：中国人民对2017年将给他们的家庭和国家带来什么充满希望。bring sth.for sb.为某人带来某物，从句中缺少宾语且意为“什么”，故选what。6_ is willing to volunteer in the 2022 beijing winter olympics is welcome to join us.(2017北京海淀区二模，26)awhatever bwhoevercwhenever dwherever答案b解析句意为：欢迎愿意在2022年北京冬奥会当志愿者的任何人加入我们。主语从句中缺少主语且指“人”，故选b。whoeveranyone who无论谁。7when we are in trouble，they really want to know _ do to help us.(2017河东区二模，14)awhat can they bhow can theychow they can dwhat they can答案d解析句意为：当我们遇到麻烦时，他们真的想知道他们能做些什么来帮助我们。本题考查两点：一是名词性从句的语序陈述句语序，即“主语谓语”；二是what与how的用法区别：how to do (how表示方式)，what to do (what作动词do的宾语)。8_ is known to us is that tobacco contains nicotine and other harmful substances，so you should give up smoking.(2017南开区三模，13)aas bit cwhat dwhich答案c解析句意为：我们都知道烟草含有尼古丁和其他有害物质，所以你应该戒烟。本句第一分句为主系表结构：主语为主语从句what is known to us (what在从句中作主语)；is为系动词；that引导表语从句。本题易忽略第二个is，认为it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语，从而错选b。9we had to agree to accept _ they thought was the best candidate.(2017河西区二模，11)ahowever bwhoevercwherever dwhenever答案b解析句意为：我们不得不同意接受他们所认为的最好的任何一个候选人。从句中缺少主语而且指“人”，故选whoever。they thought为插入语。10_ they choose chinese company is that china has the most advanced technology of high-speed railway in the world.(2017天津五校联考一模，10)awhether bwherecwhen dwhy答案d解析根据后文“中国拥有世界上最先进的高铁制造技术”可知，这是他们选择中国公司的原因，前后为因果关系，故选d。11a childs behavior is most easily influenced by his parents.true.thats_ we should set a good example to our kids.(2017和平区二模，4)awhen bwhycwhether dwhere答案b解析根据语境，后面“我们应该给我们的孩子树立一个好榜样”可知前面提到的是原因，因此应在该表语从句中使用充当原因状语的引导词why，而when是充当时间状语；whether表示“是否”；where充当地点状语，故选b。12i could hardly believe my ears when the news came _ i had won the first place in the oral english contest.(2017天津五校联考二模，11)athat bwhencwhere dwhy答案a解析空格后面的从句解释说明news的内容，是同位语从句，且从句中不缺少任何成分，所以用that引导。故选a。13_ they obtain from the lesson is very important to the training in their character.(2017河东区一模，8)athat bwhichcwhat dhow答案c解析句意为：他们从课程中所学到的东西对锻炼他们的性格很重要。本题中what引导主语从句，并在从句中作宾语。故选c。14scientists have come to the conclusion _ the temperature on earth is getting higher and higher.(2017和平区四模，8)awhat bthatcwhich dwhen答案b解析“the temperature on earth is getting higher and higher”是conclusion的内容，是同位语从句，并且这句话是完整的句子，不缺少任何成分，故用that来引导同位语从句。what在名词性从句中作主语，宾语，表语；which表示哪一个；when表示时间。故选b。15i called your office at about ten this morning，but there was no reply.oh，that was probably _ i was paying a visit