中考英语专题讲练主旨题（含解析）.docx

主旨题知识精讲一、 主旨题简介理解段落，文章，归纳，概括，总结主题或目的。二、主旨题分类1. 段落大意题2. 全文大意题3. 标题类试题三、主旨题常见提问方式1. 段落大意题 What does the second paragraph discuss? What does the writer try to tell in the third paragraph?What can we learn from the fourth paragraph?2. 全文大意题The passage is mainly about _.The main/general idea is _.Whats the topic/main idea of the passage?What is mainly discussed in the text?We can make a conclusion from the passage that _. 3. 标题类试题The best title for this passage is_.Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?四、解题技巧 1. 定位主题句：根据前文所提到的主题搜索原则，在全篇范围内，确实文章主题句。 开门见山：提出主题-细节支撑阐明主题；段末点睛：细节描述-归纳要点-概括主题；段中点旨：细节描述-归纳主题-进一步解释；无主题句：考生需根据文章中所叙述的事实或提供的线索来概括和总结文章的大意，寻找主题句的方法。 2. 抓核心词：在主题句中，找出文章核心词。通常，根据核心词就可以排除那些偏离主题的错误选项。 3. 甄别选项：一般来说，核心词一般位于主句或是宾语位置的选项往往保留。特别要指出的是，如果选项中都包含核心词，往往需要通过第二核心词来辅助进行辨识。三点剖析一、考点：主旨大意题主要考查学生在理解全文的基础上对文章内容进行归纳、概括和总结的能力。根据其考查范围，可以分为段落大意题、全文大意题、最佳标题。总体难度级别：较难。主旨大意题占中考试题中约阅读理解题的比例为5%-10%。二、补充点：主旨大意题的常考点：1. 段首、段尾句常考：段首、段尾句一般表达了文章的中心思想，或者就是该段的主题句，对全文或全段起着提纲挈领的作用。2. 语义转折处常考：尤其是段首的语义转折，其后面往往是作者真实的写作目的或基本观点，即文章的中心思想所在。3. 因果句常考：因果句通常可以表现出作者的意图、观点甚至全文的主题，因此成为考点。题模精选题模一：段落主旨题例1.1.1The change in rules should be taken as a chance to draw special attention to skill development in an environment free of danger. It may also control the loss of thousands of young players who dont enjoy that environment. (P2)1. What does the writer want to tell us in Paragraph 2?AThe safe ways of controlling the loss.BThe steps of drawing special attention.CThe possible results of changing the rules.DThe methods of improving the environment.题模二：篇章主旨题例1.2.1You should not expect to be able to read a difficult science passage the same way you read an interesting story; . Instead, you may have to read it several times through, catching on the meaning of difficult words, going back over difficult sentences, and finally putting the whole thing together (P1) These are the steps to follow when you are reading something difficult: (P2)It is really just the normal way good readers understand anything that is difficult to read.(末段)1. The passage is mainly about _.Asteps of studying scienceBdifficulties in reading scienceCresearches on science and EnglishDways of reading science passages题模三：最佳标题例1.3.1Many of us dont pay much attention to the importance of eye care. There are several causes leading to poor eyesight like not enough food, genes (基因) and aging (老化). Televisions, computers and reading are also the causes of having poor eyesight. If you happen to work in front of the computer,.Eating healthy foods will do good to your eyesight. .All above are natural ways of eye care that help us keep healthy eyes. In a word, eye care is very important, no matter how old a person is.1. Which is the best title of the passage?AWays of Being HappyBWays of Eye ExercisesCWays of Being HealthyDWays of Eye Care随堂练习随练1.1When this story happened, they were working around a very large house. Their job was to do the cleaning. It was not a difficult job, but sometimes it was a little dangerous, because they had to walk below where workmen were working. Often these workmen dropped something from the top of the house many meters high to the ground.One morning Joe was working near the house with a cigarette behind one of his ears. Suddenly somebody on the top shouted, “Look out!” But Joe did not look out”. He looked up. And as he did so, a long knife missed Joes head, but it cut off one of his ears. At once he put his hand to one side of his head and cried out, “Ive lost an ear. Help! Help! ”Jeff ran up to help his friend. “Look for my ear,” Joe told him. “It must be on the ground somewhere.” Jeff looked everywhere for the missing ear. At last he found an ear on the ground. He picked it up and carried it to Joe. “Here you are,” he said, “Ive found it.” Joe looked at it. “No, thats not my ear.” he said, “Mine had a cigarette behind it.”1. What were Joe and Jeff?ASoldiers.BDrivers.CFarmers.Dleaners.2. How did Joe lose his ear?AHe cut it off by himself.BJeff cut it off with a knife.CAfalling knife cut it off.DAcigarette burned it up.3. From the passage, we know Joe was not _.AstrongBkindCfoolish Dclever4. Which is the most possible title for this passage?AALost EarBABusy CleanerCAFalling KnifeDAforgetful Man随练1.2Do you know why different animals or pests (昆虫) have their special colors? Colors in them seem to be used mainly to protect themselves.Some birds like eating locusts (蝗虫), but birds cannot easily catch them. Why? It is because locusts change their colors together with the change of the colors of crops (庄稼). When crops are green, locusts look green. But as the harvest time comes, locusts change to the same brown color as crops have. Some other pests with different colors from plants are easily found and eaten by others. So they have to hide themselves for lives and appear only at night.If you study the animal life, youll find the main use of coloring is to protect themselves. Bears, lions and other animals move quietly through forests. They cannot be easily seen by hunters (猎人). This is because they have the colors much like the trees.Have you ever noticed an even stranger act? Akind of fish in the sea can send out a kind of very black liquid (液体)when it faces danger. While the liquid spreads over (散开), its enemies (敌人)cannot find it. And it immediately swims away. So it has lived up to now though it is not strong at all.1. From the passage we learn that locusts_.Aare small animals Bare easily found by birdsCare dangerous to their enemiesDchange their colors to protect themselves2. How can pests with different colors from plants keep out of danger?AThey run away quickly.BThey have the colors much like their enemies.CThey hide themselves by day and appear at night.DThey have to move quietly.3. Bears and lions can keep safe because _.Athey have the colors much like the treesBthey move quietlyCthey like brown and gray colorsDthey live in forests4. Why can the kind of fish live up to now?ABecause it is very and strong.BBecause the liquid it sends out can help it escape from its enemies.CBecause the liquid it sends out can kill its enemies.DBecause it swims faster than any other fish.5. Which is the best title for this passage?AThe Change of Colors for Animals and PestsBColors of Different Animals and PestsCThe Main Use of Colors for Animals and PestsDSome Animals and Pests随练1.3How green are you? Do you care about protecting the environment and saving energy?We all need a healthy environment, but we produce waste every day and it does harm to our environment. Though we are young, we can still do something to help. In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make a real difference to the environment. Here are some ideas for you. Remember these three words: Reduce, reuse and recycle.REDUCEReduce means “use less.” Dont waste things. This saves money and reduces pollution and waste going into the environment. Before we buy something new, think whether it is really necessary- or maybe the old one will be just as good! When we do buy things, choose local produces if possible, and try not to buy too many things from abroad. It may cost a lot of money to bring them to us.REUSEReuse means “use again.” Use things for as long as possible. When we buy things, make sure that they last a long time. We should look after them so that they will last, and we should repair them if we can instead of throwing them away and buying new ones. Dont use a paper cup or a paper bag. Its better to use a china cup and a lunch box because you can use them again.RECYCLERecycle means “change things into something else.” Although it takes energy to change something into something else, its better than throwing things away or burning them. Find out what can be recycled in your neighbourhood and take part in recycling programmes. We should also buy products made from recycled materials, such as recycled paper, to help save trees.So please remember these three words: reduce, reuse and recycle.1. What is the passage about?AHow to produce thingsBHow to burn thingsCHow to help othersDHow to be green2. Which of the following is right?ADont waste thingsBAlways throw away old thingsCAlways buy new thingsDBuy too many things from abroad3. Why is better to use a china cup and a lunch box?AYou can burn themBYou can use them againCYou can throw them awayDYou can change them into something else4. To protect the environment, we should remember these three words: _.Awaste, reuse and recycleBrepair, burn and recycleCreduce, reuse and recycleDreduce, waste and recycle5. The passage may come from _.Aa menuBa dictionaryCa storybookDa magazine随练1.4Donny, an 11 year-old boy, is playing with a ball. The ball goes into the street, and Donny runs for the ball. Acar hits(撞) Donny. An ambulance (救护车) takes Donny to the hospital. The doctors at the hospital tell Donnys parents, “Donny_is_in_a_coma”.Every day Donnys parents visit him at the hospital. They sit next to Donnys bed and talk to him. But Donny never talks to them. He just sleeps.One day Donnys father says, “Wake up, Donny. Wake up and come home. Come home and play with Rusty. ”When Donnys father says “Rusty”, Donny moves his arm. “Rusty!” Donnys father says again. Again, Donny moves his arm. Donnys parents have an idea. They tell the nurses, “We want to bring Rusty to the hospital”. The nurse says “OK”.The next day, Donnys parents bring Rusty to the hospital. When they put her on Donnys bed, Donny opens his eyes and hugs her.Donnys parents bring Rusty to the hospital every day. One day, Rusty jumps on Donnys bed and scratches (抓) Donnys arm. Donny says his first words: “Bad dog!” After seven weeks, Donny is well. He leaves the hospital and goes home.1. Donny is _ in the street when a car hits him.Amoving his armBwalking with his parentsCtalking with his dogDrunning for a ball2. Rusty is Donnys _.AsisterBfriendCdogDclassmate3. _ wakes up Donny at last.AAdoctorBHis fatherCAnurseDDonnys dog4. The underlined sentence “Donny is in a coma.” means _.ADonny is an unhealthy boyBDonny must leave the hospitalCDonny needs to play sportsDDonny is asleep and cant talk5. What can be the best title for the passage?AThe Parents LoveBDonny and RustyCAStory of DonnyDDonny is in Hospital自我总结课后作业作业1You probably know you should say please and thank you at restaurants. You probably know the rules of a library. You know you should respect and be nice to your classmates. But do you have music manners?Keep It Down! You have to notice the volume of your music. You should not play your music so loud that everyone around you can hear it. Some people might even get angry. Usually, when you play the music loud on an MP3 player, other people cant hear the words of the song. They just hear a loud sound. No one wants to listen to this. Very loud music can also be bad for your ears. So even if you are alone when listening to our MP3 players, you shouldnt turn it up too high.Take Them Off! You need to know when to turn your MP3 off and put it away. Libraries, and schools dont allow MP3 players. There are other places, like museums, that dont have rules, but it would be rude to have your MP3 player on. Sometimes, it doesnt make sense to listen on your MP3 player at event. Why would you listen to music at a play, a movie or a sporting event? You would miss what is going on and others would wonder why you even came.Take One Out! Once in a while, its okay just to take out one earphone and not other. Imagine you are listening on your MP3 player when someone asks you the way. It would not be rude to take out one earphone, tell him the way, and put back the earphone and continue listening. You can also do this when you order food at a fast-food restaurant or when you answer the telephone and its not for you.Its Your Choice! There are times when you need to decide what is best. For example, some people can listen to music on their MP3 players when reading books, while others think it is disturbing. In cases like this, you need to do what seems right for you.1. We shouldnt turn up the music too high because loud music _.Ais not enjoyableBhurts our earsCis bad for MP3 playersDmakes us uncomfortable2. If we listen to music at a sporting event, _.Aits impolite to othersBwell miss part of the movieCwe wont know whats going onDthe players will be angry3. We should turn our MP3 off and put it away when _ according to the passage.Awe read in a libraryBsomeone asks us the wayCwere reading booksDa waiter comes4. The writer wants us to _ by writing the passage.Abe polite at restaurantsBrespect our classmates.Cfollow the rules of librariesDhave music manners作业2Do American children still learn handwriting in school? In the age of the keyboard, some people seem to think handwriting lessons are on the way out. 90% of teachers say they are required to teach handwriting. But studies have yet to answer the question of how well they are teaching it. One of this years studies found that about three out of every four teachers say they are not prepared to teach handwriting. Some teachers are teaching handwriting by providing instruction for 10 to 15 minutes a day, and then other teachers who basically teach it for 60 to 70 minutes a day which really for handwriting is pretty much.Many adults remember learning that way by copying letters over and over again. Todays thinking is that short periods of practice are better. Many experts (专家) also think handwriting should not be taught by itself. Instead, they say it should be used as a way to get students to express ideas. After all, that is why we write.Handwriting involves two skills. One is legibility, which means forming the letters so they can be read. The other is fluency (流畅)writing without having to think about it. Fluency continues to develop up until high school.But not everyone masters these skills. Teachers commonly report that about one fourth of their kids have poor handwriting. Some people might think handwriting is not important anymore because of computers and voice recognition programs.But Steve Graham at Vanderbilt says word processing is seldom done in primary school, especially in the early years. American children traditionally first learn to print, and then to write in cursive, which connects the letters. But guess what we learned from a spokeswoman for the College Board(大学委员会). More than 75 percent of students choose to print their essay (article) on the test rather than write in cursive.1. From Paragraph 1 we can learn _.Ateaching handwriting is a basic requirement in the teaching jobBmost teachers prefer to teach handwritingCteachers spend little time in teaching handwritingDa keyboard has taken the place of the handwriting2. Which of the following is WRONG for traditional handwriting in the USA?AHandwriting includes two skills.BTo write in cursive is taught first.CThe letters are repeated many times.DThe students are taught by practicing a long period.3. The underlined word “legibility” in Paragraph 3 means _.Aeasy to readBeasy to writeCunexpectedDunreadable4. The best title for the passage is _.AHow to Improve Handwriting in SchoolBRight or Wrong: the Death of HandwritingCHandwriting Involves Two SkillsDHandwriting Lessons Are on the Way Out作业3选择性阅读C篇Kids dont have a voice. They have no way to share their ideas. TEDx Youth is a locally organized event, where live talks and recorded videos are shared with the community(社区). TEDx Youth is always held on Childrens Day every year. It brings together big ideas from, and for kids. More importantly, it encourages kids to share their ideas with the world.“Age is but a number. Youre not too young to change the world. Planning an event alongside young people makes you realize that kids have ideas that an adult might usually not think of,” said one TEDx Youth speaker. Another speaker said, “What I have come to realize is that no matter where you live or how old you are, everyone is eager to be someone great.”Organizing a TEDx Youth event shows that kids are able to do much more than whats expected. They truly take this event and make it even more than what everyone hopes it will be. “The fact that youth, just like me, had planned and run the event shocked me most,” said one volunteer. “I thought the event was surprising. I couldnt believe that kids of my age made the event happen.”There are several ways to take part in TEDx Youth. The easiest way is to become a speaker, if you think your idea is worth spreading. Another way is to attend an event. And lastly, you can become a TEDx Youth Reporter. Reporters take pictures from the event and post them on line, and send news about what is happening at event, interview some of the speakers, and write articles about the event. “It was wonderful to see how youth team members were with the whole event and how thankful they were (and still are!) to be given such an unbelievable chance as being part of a TEDx event,” said an organizer.TEDx Youth is welcoming kids from every culture who want to have a deeper understanding of the world. Those who get involved with it believe in the power of