【2015年人教版精品】高一英语必修四导学案全集【50页】

必修四 Unit 1 Great women and their achievements 一、语言要点 I 单元要点预览 （旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点） 词汇 部分 词语 辨析 1. campaign / war / battle 2.worth / worthy / worthwhile 3. argue / debate 词形 变化 1. connect vt.连接；联系； 接通电话 vi.连接 ，衔接 connection n.联系，关 系；连接 2. argue vt.&vi.讨论；辩论 argument n.c争论；争辩； 3. crowd n. 人群，群众； v. 聚集；挤满；挤，推 crowded adj.充 (拥 )满了的， 拥挤的 4. inspire vt. 鼓舞；激发； 启示 inspiration n. 鼓舞；灵感 inspired adj.受灵感启示的 inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的 5. considerate adj.体贴的，体谅的 consideration n.考虑，要考虑的事；体贴 considerable adj.相当大(或多 )的 6. deliver vt.递送 (邮件 )，接 生；生 (小孩 )；发表 (演说 ) delivery n.c,u投递； 演讲 deliverer 递送者 重点 单词 1. achievement n.C成就，功绩 2. behave vt.&vi. 举动； (举止或行为 )表现 3. observe vt. 观察；观测；遵守 4. respect vt.&n. 尊敬；尊重；重视 5. argue vt.&vi. 讨论；辩论；争论 6. support vt.&n. 支持 ；拥护；支撑；赡养； 给予帮助 同情等的人 7. intend vt. 计划；打算 8. deliver vt. 接生 (小孩 )，递送，发表 (演说 ) 重点 词组 1. look down upon / on 蔑视；瞧不起 2. refer to 谈到；查阅；参考；查询；提及；指 而言 3. come across (偶然 ) 遇见；碰见 4. carry on 继续；坚持 5. live/lead a. life 过着 的生活 重点句子 1. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. 2. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 3. She also worked hard to make as many countries as possible agree not to use them. 重点语法 主谓一致 （见语法部分） II 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料 ) 1. campaign / war / battle 【解释】 war “战争 ”的总称，一般包括多个战役的大规模战争。 battle “战斗 ”，指有组织的武装部队之间的战斗，有持续几小时的，也有持续几天的。 campaign“战役 ”，指在某一地区所进行的一连串有固定目的的军事行动，规模比 battle 大；还用来表 “政治或商业性的活动、竞选活动 ”campaign for/against 从事运动 【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。 1). They won the _ but lost the _. 2). The city hall is planning to start a _ against smoking. Keys: 1). battle; war 2). campaign 2. worth / worthy / worthwhile 【解释】 worth 只能作表语，其后接钱数、名词或及物动词的动名词的主动一般形式 : be worth doing worthy可作表语， 后接 of+名词 /of+动名词的被动形式 /不定式的被动形式 : be worthy of + n. / of being done / to be done 也作定语， “值得 的 ”， “有价值的 ”： a worthy winner 名副其实的赢家 worthwhile 可作表语和定语 : a worthwhile job 值得做的工作 it is worthwhile to do/doing 【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。 1). The necklace was _ 100 francs at most. 2). It s _ to discuss the question again. 3). You would find it _ your while to come to the meeting. 4). Can t you find something _ doing at all? The book is _ _ _ (很 值得读 ) a second time. 5). This place of interest is worthy _ _ _ / _ _ _ /_ _ _ (参观 ). Keys: 1). worth 2). worthwhile 3). worth 4). worth; well worth reading 5). of a visit / of being visited / to be visited 3. argue / debate 【解释】 argue 指某人坚持自己的主张，举出事实和理由说服某人或反对其他方面的意见。 debate 指辩论者长在自己的立场公开争论一个问题。 【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。 1). We _ with her _ how to go there. 2). They _ the case for hours. 3). They _ the question openly. 4). Last week, our class had a _ over whether middle school students should carry cell phones at school. Keys: 1). argued; about 2). argued 3). debated 4). debate III 词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料） 1. connect vt.连接；联系； 接通电话 vi.连接 ，衔接 connection n.联系，关 系；连接 2. argue vt.&vi.讨论；辩论 argument n.c争论；争辩； 3. crowd n. 人群，群众； v. 聚集；挤满；挤，推 crowded adj.充 (拥 )满了的， 拥挤的 4. inspire vt. 鼓舞；激发； inspiration n. 鼓舞；灵感 inspired adj.受灵感启示的启示 inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的 5. considerate adj.体贴的，体谅的 consideration n.考虑，要考虑的事；体贴 considerable adj.相当大 (或多 )的 6. deliver vt.递送 (邮件 )，接 生；生 (小孩 )；发表 (演说 ) delivery n.c,u投递；演讲 deliverer 递送者 【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。 1). It was _ (consideration) of you not to play the piano while I was asleep. 2). The good news _ (inspire) us with hope. 3). The children had an _ (argue) about what game to play. 4). Please pay on _ (deliver). 5). Taking everything into _ (consider), the event was a great success. 6). The narrow roads were _ (crowd) with holiday traffic. 7). What is the _ (connect) between the two ideas? Keys: 1). considerate 2). inspired 3). argument 4). delivery 5). consideration 6). crowded 7). connection IV 重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料） 1. behave vt.&vi. 举动； (举止或行为 )表现 behavio(u)r n. 行为；举止；习惯 典例 1). Behave yourself; don t make a fool of yourself. 注意你的举止 , 别闹出笑话来。 2). How is your new car behaving? 你的新车性能如何？ 重点用法 behave oneself 使某人自己举止规矩 behaviour towards/to. 对 的态度 /行为 练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。 1). It s hard to train children to _ _ (举止得体 ) at the table. 2). She is always _ _ (举止得体 ) at school. 3). Their _ (behave) _ (介词 ) me shows that they do not like me. Keys: 1). behave well 2). well behaved 3). behaviour towards 2. achievement n.c成就，功绩 achieve vt. 取得，完成 典例 1). He received the Nobel Prize for his scientific achievements. 他因科学上取得的成就而获得诺贝尔奖。 2). Flying across the Atlantic for the first time was a great achievement. 首次飞越大西洋是一个伟大的功绩。 重点用法 achieve an aim / goal 达到目标 achieve success 获得成功 练习 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。 1). Without the support of the people we can _ _. 2). I have achieved only half of _ I hope to do. 3). Congratulations to you (介词 ) _ such a complete victory. Keys: 1). achieve nothing 2). what 3). on; achieving 3. observe vt. 观察；观测；遵守 observation n.u 观察；观测；监视 典例 1). The police observed the man entering/enter the bank. 警方监视着那男子进入银行的 情况。 2). The woman was observed to follow him closely. 有人看到那女子紧跟着他。 重点用法 observe sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事 (已做完 ) observe sb. doing sth. 观察某人正在做某事 under observation 被监视 练习 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空或翻译。 1). They were observed _ (enter) the bank then. 2). Keynes _ _ (观察到 ) humans fall into two classes. Keys: 1). entering 2). observed that 4. respect vt.&n. 尊敬；尊重；重视 典例 1). If you don t respect yourself, how can you expect others to respect you? 自己不自重 , 又怎能受到别人尊重呢 ? 2). I have the greatest respect for you. 我非常尊敬您。 重点用法 respect sb. for sth. 因某事而尊敬某人 have / show respect for sb./sth. 尊敬某人 /事 gain/get/earn/win the respect of sb. 赢得某人的尊敬 out of respect 出于尊敬 练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。 1). The new officer soon _ (赢得 ) the respect of his men. 2). I _ you _ (因某事而尊敬 ) your honesty. 3). I have great respect _ (介词 ) his ideas, although I don t agree with them. Keys: 1). won/earned 2). respect; for 3). for 5. argue vt.&vi. 讨论；辩论；争论 argument n.c争论；争辩；争吵 典例 1). Don t argue with your mother. 不要和母亲争辩。 2). I argued that we needed a larger office. 我据理力争我们需要大些的办公室。 重点用法 argue for (sb./sth.)为 (某人 /某事 )而辩护 argue against (sb./sth.) 反对某人/某事 )而辩护 argue with sb. ( about/over sth.) 与某人 (为某事 )而争吵 argue that. 主张 argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 通过争论使某人做 /不做某事 have an argument about/over sth. 辩论某事 练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的 介 词或翻译。 1). We _ _ _ _ (说服她加入 ) us. 2). We argued _ the waiter _ the price _ the meal. Keys: 1). argued her into joining 2). with; about; of 6. support vt.&n. 支持；拥护；支撑；赡养； 给予帮助 同情等的人 典例 1). Is this bridge strong enough to support heavy lorries? 这座桥禁得住重型卡车通行吗 ? 2). He was weak with hunger, so I had to support him. 他饿得没有力气 , 我得搀着他。 重点用法 support sb./ a family 支持某人 / 赡养家庭 support sb. in (doing) sth. 在（做）某事方面支持某人 support sb. by (doing) sth. 通过做某事支持某人 in support of sb/sth 支持或支援某人 /事物 support oneself 自力更生 give support to sb. 支持、支援某人 练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。 1). Will you support me _ (介词 ) my campaign for election? 2). Jim was a great support _ (介词 ) them when their father died. 3). 我求学期间由父母供养。 _ Keys: 1). in 2). to 3). I was supported by my parents when I was studying. 7. intend vt. 计划；打算 intention n. 意图，意向，目的 典例 1). I hear they intend to marry/intend marrying. 听说他们要结婚了。 2). I intend you to take over. 我打算让你来接管。 重点用法 intend to do/doing sth. = mean to do sth. 打算做某 sth. be intended for (某物 )是为而准备的 intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事 intend sth. as/to be 打算让某物作 用 intend that. 打算 练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。 1). This book is _ _ _ (是为初学者写的 ). 2). Was that remark intended _ (介词 ) a joke? 3). I didn t intend her _ (see) the painting until it was finished. Keys: 1). intended for 2). as 3). to see 8. deliver vt.接生 (小孩 )，递送，发表 (演说 ) delivery n. 投递 deliverer 递送者，交货人 典例 1). The baby was delivered in a clinic. 孩子是在一个医疗站接生的。 2). Comrade Yang delivered the opening speech. 杨同志致开幕词。 重点用法 deliver a baby 接 生小孩；生小孩 delivere sth. to . 把某物送到 express delivery 快递 on delivery 送达时，货到时 练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。 1). Some new books have _ (deliver) _ (介词 ) the schoo1. 2). The actor _ his speech _ (介词 ) a soft voice. Keys: 1). been delivered; to 2). delivered/gave; in V 重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料） 1. look down upon/on 蔑视；瞧不起 典例 1). She looks down on people whove never been to university. 她瞧不起没上过大学的人。 2). You can t look down upon a person because he is poor. 你不能因为某个人穷而瞧不起他。 重点用法 look 短语： look on sb./ sth. as = consider sb./ sth. as 把某人看作 look on 袖手旁观 look into sth. 调查或观察某事物 look up 查阅 (单词、资料 )；向上看 look (sb.) up and down 上下打量 (某人 ) look out for sb/sth 警惕或留心某人 /物 练习 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。 1). He was _ _ _ (被人看不起 ) because of his humble background. 2). He is _ _ _ (被认为是 ) the leading authority on the subject. 3). If you want to know how a word is used, _it _ in a dictionary. Keys: 1). looked down on 2). looked on as 3). look; up 2. refer to 谈到；查阅；参考；查询；提及；指 而言 典例 1). We agreed never to refer to the matter again. 我们同意不再谈这件事了。 2). She thought I was referring to her daughter when we were talking. 当我们谈话时她以为我指的是她的女儿。 重点用法 refer to sb./sth. as 把某人 /物称作 refer sth./sb. to 把某事提交；让某人向 求助 练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。 1). Although she didn t mention any names, everyone knew who she was _ _(指 ). 2). He gave the speech _ _ _ (没有参阅 ) his notes. 3). He likes to _ _ _ _ (被称为 ) “Doctor Khee”. 4). My doctor referred me _ (介词 ) a hospital specialist. Keys: 1). referring to 2). without referring to 3). be referred to as 4). to 3. come across = run across = meet by chance (偶然 ) 遇见；碰见 典例 1). I came across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning. 今天早上我在牛津大街碰见一位老校友。 2). She came across some old photographs in a drawer. 她在抽屉里偶然发现一些旧照片。 短语归纳 come 短语： come about = happen 发生 come from 来自 come out 出现；开花；出版或发表；透露；显出 come up 升起；发生；出现 come up with sth 找到或提出（答案办法等） 练习 用 come 短语的适当形式填空。 1). I _ _ some new words while reading. 2). His new book will _ _ next month. 3). She _ _ _ a new idea for increasing sales. 4). Can you tell me how the accident _ _? 5). How did it _ _ that he knew where we were? Keys: 1). came across 2). come out 3). came up with 4). came about 5). came about 4. carry on 继续；坚持 典例 1). Carry on (working/with your work) while Im away. 我不在的时候 , 要继续做工作。 2). They decided to carry on in spite of the weather. 他们决定不管天气好坏都坚持。 短语归纳 carry 短语： carry on (doing sth/with sth.) 继续 (做 )某事 carry out 贯彻，执行 carry out a plan/orders/instructions 执行计划 /命令 /指示 carry sth through 成功地完成某事物 carry about 随身携带 carry away 运走 , 使失去自制力 练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或 carry 短语。 1). They decided to _ _ in spite of the weather. 2). Extensive tests have _ _ _ on the patient. 3). It is a difficult job but she s the person to carry it _. 4). Don t blame me. I m only _ _ my orders. Keys: 1). carry on 2). been carried out on 3). through 4). carrying out 5. live/lead a. life 过着 的生活 典例 They live a peaceful life. 他们过着平静的生活。 短语归纳 “v. + 同源宾语 ”结构： smile a. smile 露出 微笑 dream a. dream 做了个 的梦 sleep a. sleep 睡个 觉 sing a. song 唱 的歌 die a. death 怎样地死去 fight a. battle 打 的仗 laugh a. laugh 发出 方式的笑声 练习 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。 1). We are living happily. = We are living _ _ _. 2). _ _ _ _ (多么艰辛的生活 ) they lived! 3). I _ _ _ _ (做了个美梦 ) last night. Keys: 1). living a happy life 2). What a hard life 3). dreamed/had a beautiful dream VI 重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料） 1. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.() 解释 动名词做主语的用法： 动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作 (在口语中也可以表示具体的动作 )。如： Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 / Helping her is my duty. 帮助她是我的责任。 动名词作主语时，句子有两种形式： 动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。如： 1). Playing tricks on others is something we should never do. 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的。 2). Talking is easier than doing. 说比做容易。 用 it 作形式主语，把真正的主语 动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如 : It is useless/worth/no good/no use/no sense doing sth.等，如： 1). It is useless trying to argue with Shylock. 和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用 的。 2). It s no sense arguing with her. 和她争吵没有意思。 动名词短语作主语时的谓语动词用单数形式： Learning new words is very important for me. 学习新单词对我来说非常重要。 练习 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。 1). Talking _ (mend) no holes. 2). _ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 3). Is it any good _ (try) to explain? Keys: 1). mends 2). Walking 3). trying 2. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以考虑自己的计划。 解释 以 “only+状语 (通常是副词、介词短语 或从句 )”开头的句子要用部分倒装，即将 助动词或连系动词置于主语之前，如： 1). Only after my friend came was the computer repaired. 只有在我的朋友来后电脑才修好。 2). Only when you pointed it out for me did I realize that I was wrong. 只有当你帮我指出来了我才意识到我错了。 注意：如果以 “only+主语 ”开头的句子不用倒装，如： 1). Only we can help ourselves. 只有我们能帮自己。 2). Only Tom failed in the exam. 只有汤姆考试不及格。 练习 用倒装句型翻译句子。 1). 只有用这种方法我们才能把英语学得更好。 _ 2). 只有当你看了说明后你才知道怎么使用这台机器。 _ Keys: 1). Only in this way can we learn English better. 2). Only after you read the instructions do you know how to use the machine. 3. She also worked hard to make as many countries as possible agree not to use them. 她努力劝说尽可能 多的国家同意不使用它们（地雷）。 解释 as.as possible = as. as one can “尽可能 ”，第一个 as可接 adj./adv. 或 many/few + n.(pl.) 或 much/little + n.u，如： 1). Be as kind to her as possible / you can. 对她尽可能和蔼些。 2). Do your homework as carefully as possible / you can. 做作业尽可能地细心。 3). Read as many useful books as possible / you can. 看尽可能多的书。 练习 翻译句子。 1). 在写作中，你应该尽量少犯错误。 _ 2). 为了养活一大家人，他卖力工作尽力多挣钱。 _ Keys: 1). You should make as few mistakes as you can in your writing. 2). In order to support a large family, he worked hard to earn as much money as possible. 二、课文要点 1 课文词汇等填空 （旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等） 根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法： Jane Goodall, 1 had intended to work with animals in their own 2 （环境） since her childhood, went to Africa and devoted herself to 3 （ study） the behavior of chimps. It was tough but she considered it as a 4 （有价值的） career. Through her study, we learned much more about chimps. She argued that the life of these animals should 5 （ respect） and they should be left in the wild and not used 6 entertainment. Besides, she was very 7 （ consider） of these animals. Now, she has 8 （实现） every thing she wanted to do, which 9 （激励） those who want to cheer the 10 （ 成就 ） of women. 答案 : 1. who 2.environment 3. studying 4.worthwhile 5. be respected 6. for 7.considerate 8.achieved 9.inspired 10.achievements 2 课文大意概括 （旨在训练用 30 个单词概括大意的能力） 阅读课文，试着用 30 来个 单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。 这一篇文章给我们介绍了黑猩猩家庭，这使我们认识到，黑猩猩家族的关联就像人类的家庭那么坚固。 Jane Goodall 的努力，以及她关于保护黑猩猩的观点使她取得了不少成就。 This passage introduces _ _答案： This passage introduces the groups of chimps to us, which made us realize that the bone of a chimp family is as strong as that of a humans. Jane Goodalls efforts and her opinion on the protection of the chimps made her achieved a lot. 3 课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力） 1.【 原句 】 Following Janes way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. 跟着简研究黑猩猩的路线，我们团队都去森林中探望他们。 模仿要点 句子结构 现在分词， +主句 【 模仿 1】 听取老师的意见，我在英语学习上取得了快速进步。 _ 答案： Following the teachers advice, I made rapid progress in English learning. 【 模仿 2】 按照指南，你一定会解决这问题。 _ 答案： Following the instruction, you will surely solve the problem. 2 【 原句 】 Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 只有在她的母亲来帮助她的头几个月，才让她开始她的计划。 模仿要点 句子结构： Only +状语（主句要倒装） 【 模仿 1】 只有当您不遗余力你能取得重大进展。 _ 答案： Only when you spare no effort can you make great progress. 【 模仿 2】 只有当我们认识到我们生活环境的重要性，我们才能意识到保护环境就是保护我们的家。 _ 答案： Only when we came to realize the importance of our living environment can we be aware of the fact that preserving nature is preserving our home. 三、单元自测 1 完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从 2130 各题所给的 A、 B、 C 和 D 项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 词数： 221 完成时间： 14 分钟 难度： * I consider myself something of an expert on apologies. A quick temper has provided me with plenty of opportunities to make them. In one of my earliest 21 , my mother