中石油职称英语课文讲稿1-60第01课 (14).doc

大家论坛中石油职称英语/forum-346-1.html15.How Animals Hear. 动物如何听到声音1. When we talk about ears, we usually mean the oddly(odd).奇怪的 wrinkledadj.有皱纹的 appendages(appendage):n.附加物 on the sides of our heads.1、当我们提到耳朵，通常指那个生长在我们头部两侧的奇怪的褶皱的附属肢体。分析：talk about=谈论；单词：oddly=奇怪地；wrinkled =褶皱的；appendages=附加物； 2. We are awarea.知道的,意识到的 that at the end of the centraladj.中心的，中央的 hole in this outer ear there is something called the middle ear, with an eardrumn.耳膜 and a few little bones(bone):n.骨，骨头. Even deeper lies the inner ear, the organn.器官 with which we hear.2、我们知道，在外耳中孔的底部有东西称为中耳，它由一个耳鼓和一些小骨骼构成。而真正能使我们“听”的器官在更深处的内耳。分析：at the end of在.末端；单词：aware 知道的； central=中央的； eardrum=耳鼓，ear耳，drum鼓；a few少数； bone骨头； organ=器官3. Animals such as dogs and cats also have conspicuousadj.明显的 outer ears, but few of us probablyadv.很可能；大概 ever stopped to think whether there mightv.aux.可能；也许 be such a thing as a middle and inner ear beneathprep.在下面 those pointed tips(tip):n.尖端. Yet, we know very well that these animals hear.3、诸如猫和狗这样的动物也有引人注目的外耳，但很少人能够停下来去想，在竖立的尖儿下面，是否那里也有类似于中耳和内耳的东西。但是我们很清楚地知道这些动物都能够听到。分析：beneath在下面（被别的东西覆盖），under 在垂直的下面 below在下面； stop to do停下来去做某事， stop doing停止做某事； 单词：conspicuous明显的； whether 是否； suchas像.这样；beneath在之下； pointed尖的； tip尖； 4. Birds are even more mysteriousadj.神秘的;难以理解的, because here we do not even see an outer ear. The same is true to still a larger degreen.度；度数；学位 of such animals as frogs(frog):n.蛙 and fishes, althoughconj.尽管，虽然 in the frogn.蛙 we can at leastn.最少量；最少 see an eardrumn.耳膜.4、鸟类甚至更为神秘，因为我们甚至看不到它们有一个外耳。还有很大数量的动物如青蛙和鱼类也是如此，虽然我们至少可以看到青蛙有一个耳鼓。分析：at least至少； fishes表示鱼类；单词：mysterious神秘； degree程度； frogs青蛙；fishes鱼类, eardrum耳鼓5. Again, at one time or another, you may have found that all such animals hear. Hunters(hunter):n.搜寻者 know that birds are attracted(attract):vt.吸引；引起 by artificialadj.假的,人工的 calls, and fishermenn.渔夫,钓鱼者,渔船 emphasizev.强调 that you should be as quiet as possible if you dont want to go home empty handed. And if you ever hunted(hunt):vt.追猎；猎取 frogs(frog):n.蛙 in your childhoodn.幼年；童年, you know how softly you had to treadv.踏步! Moreoveradv.而且,除此之外, it seems absurdadj.荒谬的,可笑的;不合理的 that birds should sing and frogs(frog):n.蛙 croak呱呱叫, if they could not even hear their own voices(voice):n.说话声；嗓音.5、此外，你可能曾经发现所有的这些动物都在听。猎人们知道鸟类会被人造的声音所吸引，渔夫们则强调，如果你不想空手而归的话就要尽可能的安静。如果你在童年抓过青蛙，你应该知道要多么轻柔地走动。说实在，青蛙在叫，鸟儿在唱，如果它们甚至听不到自己发出的声音，岂不荒谬。04年的翻译题。此段为重点分析：at one time or another 曾经； asas possible=asas one can 尽可能的单词：hunter猎人；attract =吸引；artificial=人造的； emphasize=强调； childhood 儿童时期；softly=轻柔地； tread=踏步； moreover=而且、此外； absurd=荒谬的； croak=呱呱叫；6. By direct直接的 observations(observation):n.注意;观察 and many experiments(experiment):n.实验, biologists(biologist):n.生物学家 have discovered(discover):vt.发现 that practically(practical)实际的； all animals have some sensen.感觉；意识 of hearing or vibrationn.振动,颤动. Earthworms(earthworm):n.蚯蚓 feel vibrations(vibration):n.振动,颤动 in the soiln.土壤；土地, fish can be trained to respondv.反应,回应 to certain tones(tone):音调, maleadj.雄的 mosquitoes(mosquito):n.蚊子 are attracted(attract):vt.吸引；引起 by the sound of the femalea.雌性的, and frogs(frog):n.蛙 will respondv.反应,回应 to a tape recording磁带录音 of their own voices.6、通过直接观察和许多试验，生物学家已经发现，实际上所有的动物都具有某种听觉或振动感。蚯蚓在土壤里能感觉震动，鱼类可以训练的对特定的音调有反应，雄性蚊子可以被雌性蚊子的声音所吸引，青蛙对它们自己的声音的录音有所反应。分析：some表示某种； respond to对有反应； 单词：direct=直接地；observations=观察；experiment实验；biologists=生物学家； practically=实际上； sense感觉；vibration=振动； Earthworms=蚯蚓； tone=音调； mosquitoes=蚊子； female=雌性的；7. The inner ear is composed(compose):v.组成,构成 of delicatea.脆弱的;易碎的 membranes(membrane):n.膜,隔膜 which bear（负担） denseadj.浓密的 patches(patch):n.补丁 of specialized特殊的 cells(cell):n.细胞 called maculaemacula的复数形，斑疹. Each of these collections(collection):n.收藏品；收集物 of cells(cell):n.细胞 can carry a message to the brainn.脑(子). What message is carried by a maculan.斑疹 depends upon how it is affected(affect):vt.影响. The message which is carried is not, however, always connected(connect):联系 with the hearing sensen.感觉；意识. For instance, a certain kind of tadpolen.蝌蚪 can tell the depthn.深；深度；厚度 of the water it is swimming in by the pitchn.音高 of a tone音调 which is produced by its own lungs(lung):n.肺，肺脏.7、内耳由脆弱的薄膜构成，它承载着密集的由被称作斑疹的特殊细胞构成的片。每个这样的细胞群都能够把信息传递给大脑，而斑疹承载怎样的信息依赖于它是怎样受影响的。但是被承载的信息并不总是与听觉相连。举个例子，有一种蝌蚪能感知它所游泳之处水的深度，它是通过某种自己肺部产生的声音的音调来判定的。分析：is composed of 由.组成；单词：delicate 脆弱的；membrane膜；bear承载；dense密集的；patch片；specialized=特殊的；maculae斑疹；collection群；cell细胞； affect=影响； tadpole蝌蚪； depth=深度；pitch =音高； tone 音调； lung=肺8. In the human and all other mammals(mammal):n.哺乳动物, the maculan.斑疹 has developed into an organn.器官 which can easily be seen. This organ is called the cochlean.耳蜗. This spiraln.螺旋形的 shaped organ contains the maculan.斑疹 itself and it is called organ of Corti after its discoverer. If you have ever seen a snailn.蜗牛 shelln.壳, you know how a cochlean.耳蜗 looks.8、对于人类和其他所有哺乳类动物来说，斑疹已经进化成为一种很容易看见的器官，这种器官称作“耳蜗”。这一螺旋形的器官包括了MACULAE本身，以及后来被其发现者称为“CORTI”的器官。如果你看到过蜗牛的壳，你就知道耳蜗的形象。分析：call after以命名；单词：mammal=哺乳动物；organ 器官； cochlea=耳蜗；spiral=螺旋形的； shape形； contain包括； snail=蜗牛；shell壳； 9. When sound waves enter the cochlean.耳蜗, which is really a tuben.管子 coiled(coil):盘旋的 around, they set a membranen.膜,隔膜 into a back and forthadv.向前 motionn.移动 and cause a new wave. This is something like the way in which high and low sounds are produced by a fluten.笛 or whistlen.哨子. The high sounds are produced when the air is prevented(prevent):vt.预防；防止 by the holes from going through, while（然而） the low sounds are produced by allowing more of the air to pass. All this is what produces the differences between high and low sounds. The loudness of a sound is evidentlyadv.明显地 produced by how much the membranen.膜,隔膜 is caused to move.9、当声波进入耳蜗这条盘旋的管道，它令薄膜前后移动并且产生新的波动。这种方式类似于长笛或是哨子所产生的高低音。当洞穴被阻挡导致空气不能通过通道时就产生高音，而有更多空气通过通道时则产生低音。这些造成了高音和低音的不同。而声音的大小则明显的决定于耳膜运动。分析：back and forth来回的； prevent from doing=阻止；单词：enter进入；cochlea耳蜗； tube管道；coil盘旋； membrane耳膜； motion 运动； flute 长笛；whistle哨子； evidently=显然； 10. Whether