人教版高中必修四unit-4.doc

Unit 4 Body Language知识点及单元测试一、语言要点A. 核心词汇1. represent vt. 象征；表示；作为的代表；代表；（尤指以绘画，雕刻等）表现；描绘；描写Eg: The red lines on the map represent railways. Eg: He was picked out from the whole class to represent them at the other school. Eg:She represents her mother as the kindest mother in the world.联想拓展representative n. 代表；众议员 adj. 典型的；有代表性的 representation n. 表现；陈述；代理易混辨析(represent/stand for/on behalf of)represent指“代表某人/某个团体/政府等，或指某种标志代表什么，某物表现/描绘的是什么”。 stand for 通常指字母、数字、符号等代表/象征什么。on behalf of 指代表/代替某人，只能作状语。选词填空(represent/representation/representative) Each color on the chart a different department.The were all amazed by what had happened in the factory.Our company has no in Africa.2. approach vt.接近，走进;着手处理; n. 接近，临近；方法，途径Eg: He approached me with stealthy steps. Eg:Our approach scared the butterfly and it flew away.易混辨析(approach/way/method/means)approach除了意为“方法”之外，还有“接近”的意思。an approach to(介词)“的方法”。way构成in the way“用这种方法”;the way to do/the way of doing (to为不定式)“做某事的方法”。method构成with a method “用一种方法”。means 意为“方式，方法”。单复数同形，构成by means of “通过方法”。Eg: He put up a new approach to the difficulty. Eg: Can you tell me the way to work out the maths problem? Eg: We should improve our teaching method, with which we can make ourselves understood better. Eg: We arrived there by means of plane. (1)单项填空There is no easy to the mathematics. A. way B. means C. method D. approach3. defence n. 保卫，防御；防卫设备;(被告的)答辩；辩护常用结构：in defence of保卫；为辩护注意：defence后接“入侵者”或“造成危害者”时用介词 against；若后接“被保护者”时用介词 of。Eg: The forest will act as a defence against desert dust. Eg: This fort was once the main defence of the island. 联想拓展：defend v. 防护；辩护；防守；保卫Eg: The wall was built to defend the road from being washed away by the sea. 4. close adv. 接近地；靠近地；紧密地（常与介词to连用）adj. 近的；接近的；(关系)密切的；严密的；(尤指比赛)势均力敌的 v. 结束；关闭；关Eg: His house is close to the factory.。易混辨析(close/closely)close 是指距离、场所、地点等的“接近，靠近”，可以说是一种实际意义上的“接近”。closely是指抽象意义上的“接近”，多用比喻意义，有“亲密地；严密地；仔细地”等含义。由close 和closely这种意义上的区别，我们可以很轻松地区别high/highly；wide/widely； deep/deeply等一类词。带ly的副词往往用作抽象意义或比喻意义，而不带ly的副词多用作实际意义。Eg:The thief came close to him and stole the money from his pocket.Eg: Good teaching and good testing are closely related. 选词填空（close/closely） It was very cold, so the little girl stood to her mother.The policeman examined the room to find the lost jewels. 5. curious adj.好奇的，感兴趣的；奇异的，不同寻常的Eg: The foreign tourists were surrounded by the curious children. Eg: He is suffering from a curious disease. 常用结构 be curious about 对感到好奇 be curious to do 急于做/极想做联想拓展curiosity n.好奇 curiously adv. 好奇地 out of curiosity 出于好奇单项填空 I was to find out what he said. A. Strange B. amusing C. curious D. conscious 6. likely adj. 可能的（表示可能性很大时，可用most，very修饰likely）常用结构It is likely that sb. .=sb. is likely to do.某人可能做某事易混辨析(possible/probable/likely)It is possible for us to get high marks. It is possible that the first people crossed into Australia from Asia on a great land bridge. It is probable that our school will buy a new computer. Its very likely that hell succeed.=He is very likely to succeed. Im hardly likely to finish it within a week. 单项填空I cant go out. It is very that Mary will ring me tonight. A. likely B. possibly C. probably D. perhapsTom was to win first prize in the competition, but his illness made him miss the chance. A. possible B. probable C. likely D. Maybe7. ease n. 安逸；舒适 v. 减轻（痛苦，忧虑）；缓和；放松 The injection brought her immediate ease.常用结构at ease 感到舒适而无忧虑；感到放松，不拘束 with ease 毫不费劲地，轻而易举地 We are at ease for your safe return. The question was so easy that I could answer it with ease. (1)单项填空He felt completely ease Mary. A. at; with B .at ; to C. with; with D. to; to (2)完成句子 听说孩子们都很安全，她才放心。Her mind knowing that the children were safe. 她不断练习奏鸣曲直到熟练为止。She practiced until she could play the sonata .B.重点短语1. lose face 丢脸，丢人 Youll lose face if you dont keep your promise. When Tom failed to beat his opponent, he felt he had lost face with his friends. 联想拓展lose heart 泄气；灰心 lose ones heart to 爱上；钟情于 lose weight 减肥lose ones way 迷路 lose ones life 丧生 lose courage 丧失勇气 lose sight of 看不见单项填空In order not to , he spent the whole night preparing for the speech of next day. A .lose courage B. lose heart C. lose face D. lose voice2. turn ones back to背对，拒绝帮助 We shouldnt turn our back on her when she is in trouble. He decided to turn his back to his annoying sister.联想拓展turn away 把打发走；解雇；驱逐 turn down 调低音量；拒绝某人的意见 turn in 上交；检举 turn on the charm 显示出魅力 turn out to be 结果是；证明是 turn over 翻转；翻身；旋转；仔细考虑 turn up 调大，开大；发现，找到 turn off 关掉 C. 重点句型1. I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.我看见几个年轻人走进了等候区，好奇地向四周张望。解释：looking around是现在分词作伴随状语。联想拓展伴随状语的特点：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。 He sat in the armchair, reading a newspaper. All night long he lay awake, thinking of the problem. 单项填空“You cant catch me!” Janet shouted, away. A. Run B. running C. to run D. ranHe glanced over at her， that though she was tiny；she seemed very well put together. A. noting B. noted C. to note D. having noted2. Not_all_cultures greet each other the same way, nor_are_they comfortable in the same way with touching or distance between people. 各种文化背景下人们互致问候的方式不尽相同，身体接触和相互间距离的程度也并不一样。(1)not all.是部分否定，与 not构成部分否定的词还有：both, every, everyone, everywhere, everybody, everything, always, entirely, wholly, altogether。 Not every student passed the exam. 并非所有的学生都通过了考试。 Not all of us can speak English. 并非我们都会说英语。提示：表示全部否定的词有：none, nobody, neither, never, nothing, nowhere, no one, not at all。(2)本句后半句是 nor 引起的倒装句，nor 位于句首时，句子需要部分倒装。She doesnt like dance, nor does her sister.归纳拓展：含有否定意义的词置于句首往往引起部分倒装：含有否定意义的副词放在句首，如：not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, little 等。Never before has our country been as united as it is today. 我们国家从没像现在这样团结。含有否定意义的连词置于句首，如： neither.nor, no sooner.than., scarcely.when., hardly.when.等。 No sooner had he left home than it began to rain.含有否定意义的介词短语置于句首，如： by no means, in no time, in no case, on no account等。 On no account must you accept any money against your conscience.你无论如何不能违背自己的良心而得到钱财。Bill wasnt happy about the delay of the report by John, and _.AI was neither Bneither was I CI was either Deither was II think the whole class is going on a field trip next Friday.Im not sure. has paid the transportation fee. A. Not everyone B. No one C. None of them D. Neither of us二、语法精讲(现在分词做定语和状语)A. 现在分词作定语现在分词及其短语可以在句子中作定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。其动作和谓语动词同时发生，与其修饰词之间是主动关系，也就是说现在分词的动作就是它修饰的那个词的动作1现在分词作定语时的位置（1）现在分词作定语时多置于它所修饰的名词之前；也可放在所修饰词的后面。例如： He is an attacking player. 他是一个攻击型的运动员 They live in a room facing the north. 他住在一个朝北的房间里。（2）如现在分词修饰由some/any/no + thing/body/one所形成的不定代词或指示代词those时，分词在这些被修饰词的后面例如： Anyone swimming will be punished.正在游泳的任何人都将受到惩罚全析提示1、现在分词作定语时与谓语动词的时间关系 现在分词又进行意味和主动意味，因此，用现在分词作定语时，其表示的动作是与谓语动词同时发生的,或是正在发生的动作。例如： There were no soldiers drilling.= There were no soldiers who were drilling.没有士兵在操练注意：having done(现在分词的完成时态)表示该动作先于另一个动作，现在分词的完成时态永远不能作定语2、如果一个及物动词作定语，既要表达进行意味，又要表达被动意味时，可用现在分词的被动语态。例如： Do you know the boy being punished by our teacher? 你认识正在被我们老是处罚的那个男孩吗?B. 现在分词作状语现在分词及其短语可在句子中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子。用来表示动作发生的时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、或伴随情况等例如： She sat at the desk , reading a newspaper. (伴随) Hang Wei went to school, taking a train. (方式) While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. (时间) Not having received a reply, we wrote again. (原因) Heating water，we can change it into vapor (条件)注意-ing形式作状语，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。-ing形式前可有while, when, unless, though, if等连词。1、现在分词作状语与谓语动词时间关系（1）现在分词表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生分词用一般形式例如： Not recognizing the voice, he refused to give the person his address. It rained heavily, causing great damage. 全析提示1、分词作作状语时必须注意分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语保持一致。但是，有几个常用词组不符合这种语法限制如：generally speaking, considering, judging from,2、现在分词表示的动作和谓语表示动作（或状态）是同时发生或几乎同时发生的。否则现在分词需用完成形式例如：Having already seen the film twice, she didnt want to go to the cinema. Not having received his fathers letter, he decided to make a call to him.1. The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president.A to prepare B preparing C prepared D was preparing2._ a reply, he decided to write again.A Not receiving B Receiving not C Not having received D Having not received3. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice.A angrily pointing B and point angrily C angrily pointed D and angrily pointing4. If you want a letter _ , you must keep in mind several rules while _.A written; written B well written; writing C well writing; writing D well written; write5. _ their hats into the air ,the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.A. To throw B. Thrown C. Throwing D. Being thrown6. _ that he was in great danger, Eric walked deeper into the forest.A. Not realized B. Not to realize C. Not realizing D. Not to have realized7. The _Prime Minister expressed his satisfaction with his talks, _that he had enjoyed his stay hereA. visiting; add B. visited; adding C. visiting; adding D. visited; added 8. _since the night before, I felt very hungry.A. Having eaten something B. Not having eaten anything C. Eating something D. Not eating anything9. The fruit fresh in his fruit stand sells well. Alooking BlookedClookDto be looked10. _ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a new iPad.A. Standing B. To stand C. StoodD. Stand11. He got up late and hurried to his office, _the breakfast untouched. A. left B. to leave C. leaving D. having left12. Pressed from his parents, and _that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games.A. realizing B. realized C. to realize D. being realized13. On receiving a phone call from his wife she had a fall, Mr. Gordon immediately rushed home from his office.Asays Bsaid Csaying Dto say14. around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.A. Gather B. To gather C. Gathering D. To be gathering15. More highways have been built in China, _it much easier for people to travel from one place to another. A. making B. made C. to make D. having made16. at my classmates faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked17. Listen! Do you hear someone for help?A. calling B. call C. to call D. called 18. The salesman scolded the girl caught _ and let her off.A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. to stealD. stealing19. The teacher went into the room , _the boy _outside.A. left; standing B. leaving ; standing C. left; stand D. leaving ; stand20. Where is our English teacher? She is in the classroom, _ the exercises _ the students have done at home.A. explaining; /B. explaining; for C. explained; toD. explained; from21. In the study, I found my son _ at a desk, with his attention _ on a book.A. sitting; fixingB. sit; fixedC. sitting; to be fixedD. seated; fixed22. _，I have no difficulty in finding the famous actors house.A. Directing by Jack B. I was directed by Jack C. With Jack directing me D. Jack directed me 23. With online course Crazy English has over 20 million students all over China _the class through the Internet .A. attend B. attended C. attending D. to be attending 24. While watching television, _.A. the door bell rangB. the doorbell rings C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings25. The picture _ on the wall was painted by my nephew.A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung 26. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _ the desert.A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover27. Why are you standing and just watching the milk _ over?A. being boiled B. boiled C. from boiling D. boiling28. She stepped into the room, with a _ lamp in her hand.A. lighten B. lighting C. Litting D. lighted29. They were seen _ in by the back door, but nobody noticed them_.A. to come; leave B. come; leave C. to come; to leave D. comes ; leaves30. When you speak English, the most important thing is _ yourself _.A. to make; to understand B. making; understanding C. to make; understood D. to make; understanding31. The dictionary so often _ by the teacher is a good one.A. using B. used C. is used D. being usedPart Two 单元检测. 基础操练A. 单词拼写1.At the airport, he kissed me goodbye on the c_. 2. You say he is easy-going, but I never feel at e_ with him. 3.We both are not in time; I think there must be some _ (误会) over the time. 4.As you _ (接近) the school the first building you see is the teaching building. 5.The picture _(描绘,描述) a hunting scene in which there is an ancient king. 6.I will stay at home this evening; she is very _(很可能) to ring me tonight. B. 英汉短语互译1. 相反 _; 9.aswell _2. 一般来说 _; 10.closeto _3. 丢脸 _; 11.atease _4. bewillingto(do.) _; 12.nodat _5. 背对，拒绝帮助_; 13.neithernor _6. 面部表情 _: 14.belikelytodo_7. 伸手_: 15.bebasedon _8.保护以免受_; C. 词组填空(根据句子提供的语境，从B题中选一个适当的词组并用其适当的形式填空)。1. Her husband _ her without a word, which made her very angry. 2. At first we didnt feel _ before him for we had been told that he was a serious person. 3. She felt so cold that she stood _ the fire. 4. _, people prefer to take the train instead of the airplane to avoid spending so much on travel. 5. “I hear you are enjoying your new job.” “_, I found it rather dull.” 6. He said he would never do it, because to do so would be to _. 7. He is interested in painting and composing _. 8.The emperor (皇帝) himself led his army to _ the enemies from the outside. 9. People _ help you if they hear “please”. Also when someone does something for you, say “thank you”. 10. The baby _ his hand as if to ask for something.II. 单项选择1. Look! Black clouds are gathering. Yes. Its _ that a heavy rain is coming. A. possibly B. probably C. likely D. really 2. The police are _ to conclude that the cause of fire had been a cigarette end. A. probable B. possible C. maybe D. likely 3. It was raining heavily. Little Mary felt cold, so she stood _ to her mother. A. close B. closely C. closed D. closing 4. Watch the man over there _. He seems to do something bad. A. close B. closely C. close to D. closely to 5.-The last one _ pays the meal. -Agreed! A. arrived B. arrives C. to arrive D. arriving 6. I quickly walked to the other side of the street to avoid _ him. A. to meet B. meeting C. to meeting D. having met 7. They built a bank as a _ _ flooding. A. defend from B. defence against C. defence for D. defend against 8. The old couple are now quite _ because their son finished the task _ and has come home safe. A. ease; at ease B. at ease; with ease C. at ease; at ease D. easy; with ease 9. As winter _, weather became cold. A. approaches B. approaching C. to approach D. approached 10. The boy said that he did such a silly thing out of _. A. curiosity B. curiously C. curious D. curiousing 11. If you are _ about Brazil, you may read this book. A. curious B. upset C. strange D. interested 12. What do you mean by saying that? I think you _ what I said. I meant no harm. A. understood B. misunderstood C. heard D. followed 13. In fact most people in that area are _ than they were 5 years ago because of years of wars. A. A. richer off B. better off C. worse off D. poorer off 14. _, a learned man makes fewer mistakes in life than a man without knowledge. A. In general B. As general C. On general D. At general 15. How _ I was when I heard the _ news! A. disappointing; disappointed B. disappointed; disappointing C. disappointing; disappointing D. disappointed; disappointed 16. He is a man of few words; whats worse, few people can _ him. A. represent B. read C. see D. approach 17.- What do you think of the book? - Oh, excellent. Its worth_ a second time. A reading B being read C to read D to be read 18. You can get his help as he is a person who is willing _ others. A helps B to help C help D helping 19.When I approached her, s