高考英语 高频语法串讲 名词性从句.doc

高考英语语法专讲：名词性从句句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (noun clauses）。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一、高考焦点指南在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到，并且每年的命题各有变化。分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面 1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题 高考真题例示： 例1. the photographs will show you _ a. what does our village look like b. what our village looks like c. how does our village look like d. how our village looks like 例2. someone is ringing the doorbell. go and see _. a. who is he b. who he is c. who is it d. who it is 例3. can you make sure _ the gold ring? a. where alice had put b. where did alice put c. where alice has put d. where has alice put 例4. he asked _ for the violin. a. did i pay how much b. i paid how much c. how much did i pay d. how much i paid 2. 考查引导词that与what的区别 高考真题例示： 例1. _we cant get seems better than _we have. a. what; what b. what; that c. that; that d. that; what 例2. no one can be sure _ in a million years. a. what man will look like b. what will man look like c. man will look like what d. what look will man like 例3. _ you have done might do harm to other people. a. that b. what c. whether d. how 例4. _ you dont like him is none of my business. a. what b. who c. that d. whether 3. 考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法 高考真题例示： 例1. _ is a fact that english is being accepted as an international language. a. there b. this c. that d. it 例2. it worried her a bit _her hair was turning grey. a. while b. if c. that d. for 例3. i hate _when people talk with their mouths full. a. it b. that c. this d. them 例4. does _ matter if he cant finish the job on time? a. this b. that c. he d. it 4. 考查whether与if的区别 高考真题例示： 例1. _well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. a. if b. whether c. that d. where 例2. what the doctors really doubt is _my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. a. when b. how c. whether d. why 例3. _ the 2000 olympic games will be held in beijing is not known yet. a. whenever b. if c. whether d. that 5. 考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别 高考真题例示： 例1. it is generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants. a. however b. whatever c. whichever d. whenever 例2. _leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. a. anyone b. the person c. whoever d. who 例3. sarah hopes to become a friend of _shares her interests. a. anyone b. whomever c. whoever d. no matter who 6. 考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题 高考真题例示： 例1：it is necessary that a college student _at least a foreign language. a. masters b. should master c. mastered d. will master 二、语法要点剖析 一、名词性从句 主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。 引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：when, where, how, why 1. 主语从句 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如： what he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。 who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。 it is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。 where the english evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。 有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下： （1） it + be + 名词 + that从句 （2）it + be + 形容词 + that从句 （3）it + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句 （4）it + 不及物动词 + that 从句 另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”，常用的句型有： it is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that it is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that it is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that 2. 宾语从句 名词句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。 1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句 由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如： he has told me that he will go to shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。 we must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。 注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如： i insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。 the commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。 2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如： i want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。 she always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。 she will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。 3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if： a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。例如： whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命