英语名词、代词、数词.doc

名词1、 名词的分类名词即表示人或物名称的词，它分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。具体可看表：类别意义例词专有名词表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等名称的词Lucy, China, the Great Wall, the Great Hall of the People普通名词可数名词个体名词表示个体的人或事物的词dictionary, pencil, chair, window集体名词表示一群人或一些事物的词Family, police, class, group, team不可数名词物质名词表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词Rice, glass, water, porridge, paper, air, wood,wheat, steel抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词Knowledge, danger health, life, homework, interest, love动动脑筋，观察一下： car cars ， student students ， bookbooks designerdesigners airplaneairplanes water, bread, paper, tear, 2、 可数名词的复数形式1、 名词按其所表示的事物的性质分为可数名词（Countable Noun） 和不可数名词（Uncountable Noun），可数名词又有单数和复数两种形式。练一练 ：把下面的名词变成它的复数形式season_form_plan_bus_watch_tomato_hobby_ city_ toy_ monkey_wife_leaf_ man_woman_ sheep_mouse_foot_(一)名词复数构成规律： 情况 构成方法 例词一般情况 +scake grape month couple 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh等结尾的词 +eswatch box bus boss辅音字母+y结尾的词 改y为i，+esbeauty county baby lady factory 以f和fe结尾的词 变f(fe)为vesleaf wife wolf knife life thief以o结尾的词1、 有生命体的+es,2、无生命体的+sNegro hero potato tomato mango黑人英雄喜欢吃土豆、番茄和芒果。radio zoo piano photo （二）一些不规则变化特例：manmen woman-women tooth-teeth foot-feet mouse-mice child-children deer-deer sheep-sheepChineseChinese JapaneseJapanese policeman-policemen（与man和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women）EnglishmanEnglishmen FrenchmanFrenchmen（三）某国人变复数，记住以下的顺口溜： 中日不变，英法改变，其他加s ChineseChinese JapaneseJapanese EnglishmanEnglishmen FrenchmanFrenchmen AmericanAmericans （例外：German-Germans）（German不是合成词，故复数形式为 Germans）（四）复合词的复数: 改中心词为复数 girl student girl students注意：man和 woman 等作定语时，它的单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定， 例如： woman teacher-women teachers man teacher -men teachers(五)表示复数的名词（复合名词）police（警察) Public (公众) family （家人） people（人们） the + 姓s 例the Smiths 史密斯一家人注意:有些集体名词如family,team,class,police等表示一个整体时,谓语动词应用单数;表示各成员时,谓语动词应该用复数形式.练一练：My family _(be) a big one. All my family _be) in China now. （六）数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式,中间加连字符.例如:ten-minute walk, an 8-year-old girl, a ten-mile walk(七) 看似复数实际是单数的名词：news 消息 Politics 政治 Maths 数学 Physics 物理1. No news _ good news. (be) 2. I think maths _ very important.(八)既可作可数又可作不可数的名词：chicken小鸡/鸡肉 room房间/空间位置 work作品/工作 paper论文 报纸/ 纸 glass玻璃杯 / 玻璃 time 次；倍/时间 wood树林/木头 fish鱼/鱼肉 exercise练习/运动；锻炼light灯/光 fruit (各种)水果 / 水果(9) 常用不可数名词bread; meat; rice; food; water; tea; milk; coffee; juice; paper; Grass; news; advice; music; information; sugar; chocolate; jam; Hair; ice; rain; snow; sun; wind; work; help; love; hope; weather;(十)不可数名词量的表示方法. many a few a number of修饰可数名词 much a little 修饰不可数名词 some / a lot of 修饰可数不可数名词三.名词所有格用来表示人或物的所有,以及领属关系。表示有生命的名词的所有格其单数形式是加s其复数形式是s,如其结尾不是s的复数形式仍加s,如:a students room, students rooms, Childrens Day.在表示时间、距离、世界、国家名词的所有格要用s,如:a twenty minutes walk.但无生命名词的所有格则必须用of结构,如:the capital of our country, the colour of the flowers。分类构成方法例子表示有生命的名词的所有格（1）在单数名词后加+s。The teachers office（2） 以s结尾的复数名词后只加 。The teachers officeBoys game（3） 不以s结尾的复数名词后要加s。The Childrens PalaceThe People of Republic of China如某一物体属于两个或者两个以上名词所共有，只需在后一个并列名词词尾加s；如果不是，则需在各个并列名词后面分别加上s。John and Marys house is big.（房子属于他们两人共有）Johns and Marys houses are big（房子属于他们分别拥有）表示无生命的名词所有格一般用“of+名词”表示The doors of our classroomThe capital of China双重所有格of+ones 或 of+名词性物主代词An old friend of his; A friend of my brothers4、 名词的用法1、 作主语 English is useful. 英语很有用。2、 作定语： 名词作定语，一般用单数形式paper tiger 纸老虎 work place 工作的地方3、 作宾语 She learns English hard every day. 她天天努力学英语。4、 做表语 Tom is my good friend. 汤姆是我的好朋友。5、 作宾语补足语 They chose the boy monitor. 他们选那个男孩当班长。练一练 ：把下面的名词变成它的复数形式season_form_plan_bus_watch_tomato_hobby_ city_ toy_ monkey_wife_leaf_ man_woman_ sheep_mouse_foot_填空1.My family _(be) a big one. All my family _be) in China now.2.No news _ good news. (be)3. I think maths _ very important.一、单选题 1. Lucy and Lily_in the same class. A. am B. is C. are D. be 2. Which is the _to the bus stop, please? A road B way C street D address 3. Hurry up!There is_ time left. A little B a little C few D a few 4. How many _can you see in the picture? A tomatos B tomatoes C tomato D the tomato 5. - _is the meat. Please? - Ten yuan a kilo. A How much B How many C How old D How long 6 The boys name is James Allen Green. So his given name is_. A James Allen B Allen Green C James Green D Mr. Green 7 Shanghai is one of the biggest_in our country. A city B citys C citys D cities 8 Would you please pass me_? A two paper B two papers C two pieces of paper D two pieces of papers 9 Tony is a friend of_. A. Marys mothers B.mother of Marys C. Mary mothers10 I only have_ bread for lunch today. A a bit B a bit of C little D few 11 What would you like, Ann? Id like two_. A glass of milk B glasses of milk C glass of milks D glasses of milks 12 There isnt _ paper in the box. Will you go and get _ for me? A any, some B any, any C some, some D some, any 13. Is this your room？ No, Its_roomA. the children B. the childrens C . the childrens 14 These foreign friends are_. A German B Germen C Germany D Germans 15 All the students are busy, so_ of them will go to the cinema. A many B little C a few D few 16 There are three_and seven_in the picture. A deers, sheeps B deers, sheep C deer, sheep Ddeer, sheeps 17 Whose room is this? Its_. A my B Kikes and Johns C our D Kike and Johns代词1、人称代词表示我、你、他、她、它、我们、你们、他们的词。是表示自身或人称的代词。 人称代词有人称、数和格的变化，见下表： 单数单数 复数 复数 主格宾格 主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou 他hehimtheythem她shehertheythem它itittheythem不定oneone ones ones 人称代词可用作主语，表语，宾语以及介词。 I am a worker,I work in the factory. 我是一个工人，我在工厂工作。 You are a good teacher. 你是一位优秀教师。 She is a little girl. 她是一个小女孩。2、 物主代词： 表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词。物主代词可分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词两种。列表如下。 我的你的 他的 她的 它的 我们的你们的他们的形容词性物主代词myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性物主代词mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs形容词性物主代词可用作定语，例如： I love my country. 我热爱我的国家。 Is this your car? 这是你的汽车吗? Someone is looking for you,his name is Tom. 有人找你，他的名字是汤姆。 名词性的物主代词可用作主语，宾语，表语以及与of 连接的定语。 Li Huas bike is red,and yours is green. 李华的自行车是红色的，而你的是绿色的。 That car is mine,not yours. 那辆汽车是我的，不是你的。 These books are ours. 这些书是我们的3、反身代词： 表示我自己，你自己，他自己，我们自己，你们自己，他们自己等的词叫做反身代词。反身代词第一，二人称构成是由形容词性物主代词加 -self （复数加 -selves ) 构成。第三人称反身代词是由人称代词宾格形式加 - self （复数加 - selves ) 构成。 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 第三人称第三人称单数myselfyourself himselfherselfitself 复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves themselves themselves 反身代词可用作宾语，表语，主语的同位语和宾语的同位语。用作同位语时表示强调本人，自己。 I am teaching myself computer. 我自学计算机。 Take good care of yourself. 把自己照顾好。 The child himself drew this picture. 孩子自己画的这张画。 You should ask the children themselves. 你应该问一问孩子们自己4、指示代词： 表示这个，那个，这些，那些叫做指示代词。指示代词在句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语。指示代词数用法This这个/that那个单数后面接名词的单数形式These这些/those那些复数后面接名词的复数形式This is a book. 这是一本书。 These are cars. 这些是汽车That is not a room. 那不是一间房间。 Those are trees. 那些是树5、不定代词： 没有明确指定代替任何特定名词或形容词的词叫做不定代词，常用的不定代词如下： all,any,another,both,each,every,either,every,few,little,many,much,no,none,neither,one,other,some以及由 some,any,no,every 和 body,one,thing 构成的复合词。练习1. The weather in Guangzhou is hotter than _ in Shenyang.A. thatB. ItC. thisD. one 2. Mr. Green is our English teacher. _comes from U. S. A.A. heB. sheC. itD. they3. My bike is broken. May I borrow_?A. youB. yourselfC. yoursD. your4. Would you like some tea? Yes, just_-.A. a fewB. fewC. a littleD. little bit5. Would you like some tea or coffee? _. Thanks, Ive had enough.A. eitherB. neitherC. someD. both8. Enjoy_, May and Mary.A. yourselfB. myselfC. yourselvesD. themselves9. _ house is this ?Its mine.A. WhatB. WhoC. WhoseD. Whose10. She is a student and _ name is Mary.A. sheB. herC. hersD. his11. She will go skating and I will do _.A. suchB. sameC. the same asD. the same13. _ hat is this?Its _.A. Whose, meB. Who, mineC. Whom, hisD. Whose, mine14. The population of China is larger than _ of Japan.A. oneB. itC. thatD. those15. Li Li is clever than _ in his class.A. anybodyB. anyone elseC. else anyoneD. somebody else16. _ like music.A. Both of themB. Both of theyC. The both girlsD. Both them18. He has _ to tell us.A. something importantB. important somethingC. anything usefulD. useful nothing19. Would you like _ coffee? Yes, Id like _.A. any, anyB. some, someC. some, anyD. any, some20. _ of the teachers are ok in our school.A. everyB. eachC. eitherD. all22. Which would you like, sir, tea or coffee?I dont mind. _ is ok.A. EitherB. NeitherC. AnyD. Both24. What do you usually have for breakfast?_ milk and _ eggs.A. Little, a littleB. A few, fewC. A little, a fewD. A few, a little26. There isnt _ paper here. Will you go and get _for me?A. any, anyB. any, someC. much, manyD. many, much27. The farmer is busy because hes so _ sheep to keep and so _ work to do.A. much, manyB. many, muchC. many, a lotD. a lot, much28. On _ side of the river therere many tall trees.A everyB. allC. bothD. each29. Whose photo is this?Its _.A. meB. mineC. myD. myself数词一、表示数目的词是基数词（cardinal numeral），如one(一)，two（二），thirty（三十）等。12345678910onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineten111213141516171819eleventwelvethirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteen2030405060708090twentythirtyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeightyninety1001，0001，000，0001，000，000，000a hundreda thousanda milliona billion（1）21-99先“几十”再”几”，中间加连字符。21 twenty-one 25 twenty-five 99 ninety-nine（2）100及100以上的基数词100及100以上的基数词，以末位向前推（每三位一节），依次须用到hundred, thousand, million, billion等。3、基数词的用法基数词在句子中可以做主语、