3定语从句.doc

高中英语语法定语从句Handsome boys=the boys who are handsome Beautiful flowers=the flowers which are beautiful定语从句(Attributive Clauses)定义： 从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，作定语，修饰主句的某个名词和代词，相当于形容词，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词可分为：关系代词（who, whom, whose, which, that） 关系副词(when, where, why) 关系词替代先行词，在从句中充当相应的某个成分。在定语从句中，当who, which, that作主语时，谓语的单复数应与先行词保持一致。关系词常有3个作用：引导定语从句。代替先行词。在定语从句中担当一个成分。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不如限制性定语从句与先行词的关系紧密，没有它，主句的意思也清楚，因此用逗号隔开。关系词在非限制性定语从句中的用法与在限制性定语从句中的用法基本一样。一关系代词以及基本用法注意一：1）介词后面的关系词不能省略。 2）that前不能有介词。3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when where和 why互换。where = in/at + whichwhen=in/on/at/during + which why = for whichwhose=of which/whom+the+物/人=the+物/人+of which/whom1. This is the house in which I lived two years ago. =This is the house where I lived two years ago.2. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club？ =Do you remember the day when you joined our club？3. The tourists, of whom the eldest is 70 (the eldest of whom is 70), are from Singapore.I saw three films this month, two of which were very interesting.The reason (which/that) hes absent from the meeting for is not clear.=The reason for which /why hes absent from the meeting is not clear.4） whom在定语从句中只指人，做宾语，可用who或that代替，也可以省略但后边的介词提前时，只用whom例如：Do you know the man (whom/who/that) the teacher is talking to?= Do you know the man to whom the teacher is talking?She is the person (whom/who/that) you should turn to for help.= She is the person to whom you should turn for help5) Whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语) whose+N(1) They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 6).先行词有下列词修饰时只能用as引导定语从句, 如：as.as；so.as；such.as；the same+ 名词+as。You can buy as many books as you want in this bookstore. (as作want的宾语)Such computers as are used in our office are made in South Korea.(as作定语从句的主语)This jewel is the same one as I showed you the other day. (as作showed的直接宾语)This jewel is the same one that I showed you the other day.(that作showed的直接宾语）请注意“the same + 名词 + as”与“the same + 名词 + that”的区别。(1) She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding.她穿着她在MARY婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。(2) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。注意：定语从句suchas 与结果状语从句such that的区别：as在所引导的定语从句中作主语，宾语；that在结果状语从句中不做成分(3)He has such a good laptop as I want to buy.(4)He has such a good laptop that I want to buy one. 练习选择正确的关系代词填入题目中的空白处。(that which who whose whom )1.Do you see the bridge-was built last year2.The nurse _ we talked about can speak English well.3.The old gentleman _ you met just now is a famous writer.4.The girl to _ I lent my bike works in a hospital.5.She was the brave girl _ name is known to everybody.注意二：that和which虽然都能指物，但是在某些情况下，只能用that指物而不用which1） 先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，例如：This is the most interesting movie that I have ever seen.（作宾语可省略）This is the most beautiful park that we have visited.2）先行词被the very，the only the same, the last等修饰时，例如：This is the very book that Im looking for.（作宾语，可省略）The only thing that she could do was to wait patiently.（作宾语，可省略）3）先行词被序数词修饰时，例如：The first thing that we do in the morning is to clean the classroom.（作宾语，可省略）This is the third largest city that was founded in the 1980s.（作主语）4）当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much，each等修饰时.Have you taken down everything (that) Mr. Li has said?There seems to be nothing (that) seems impossible for him in the world.All that can be done has been done.There is little (that) I can do for you.5）当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时Who is the man that is standing there?Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?6)、当先行词既有人，也有动物或者物体时Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?7）先行词是主句的表语或关系代词在从句中作表语，例如：He is not the boy that he used to be.China is no longer the country that it used to be.8).当在there be句型中，通常情况下用that，不用which、注意三： 宜用which而不用that的情况1. 在非限制性定语从句中。 Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.2. 在关系词前有介词时。 This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived.3. 当先行词本身是that时。 The clock is that which can tell us the time.二关系副词：关系副词指示对象作用例句When时间状语I never forget the days when I worked together with you.The time when we got together finally came.Where地点状语This is the mountain village where I stand last year.The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.Why原因状语Please tell me the reason Why you missed the plane.I dont know the eason why he looks unhappy today.关系副词（在句中作状语） 关系副词=介词+关系代词某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when ,where和why 互换。where = in/at + whichwhen=in/on/at/during + which why = for whichwhose=of which/whom+the+物/人=the+物/人+of which/whom1. This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。=This is the house where I lived two years ago.2. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club？ 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗？=Do you remember the day when you joined our club？3. This is the reason why he came late.=This is the reason for which he came late.注意：1. 含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等T This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T正确)F This is the watch for which I am looking. (F错误)2. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)The man with that you talked is my friend. (F)(2) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)3. “介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.4. the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导，而且通常可以省略。The way in which/ that/省略he answered the question was surprising.判断改错This is the mountain village where I visited last year.I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago?A. where B. that C. on which D. the one例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held?A. where B. that C. on which D. the one例1变为肯定句： This museum is _ you visited a few days ago.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum_ the exhibition was held.二、非限定性定语从句：非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常和1.主句间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立Her house, which was built a hundred years ago, stood still in the earthquake.2.在非限定性定语从句中，不能用that，而用who, whom代表人，用which代表事物,when where why分别代表时间 ,地点,原因(做状语)3. as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：1)、As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。Which还可指代主句中的某个词或短语。(1) He married her, as/which was natural.(2) He was honest, as/which we can see.2)、as 引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后，意为“这，这一点”。as有“正如，正像”的意思(1) As is known to all, China is a developing country. (2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I dont believe.难点透析定语从句是高中阶段的重点语法项目之一。因此，有必要全面弄清其用法。定语从句从句型上讲，它与六种句式相似，十分容易混淆。为了分清定语从句与这六种句型的差异，现将其分类例析如下。【难点一】定语从句与并列句用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确Mr Li has three daughters，none of _ is an engineerMr Li has three daughters，but none of _ is a dancerMr Li has three daughters；_ are doctors【难点二】定语从句与地点状语从句用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确。 Rice doesnt grow well _ there is not enough waterI still remember the farm _ my parents worked ten years ago【难点三】定语从句与强调句用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确It is on the morning of May 1st _I met Liang Wei at the airportIt is the factory _ Mr Wang works【难点四】定语从句与结果状语从句用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确I have the same computer _ you haveShe is such a kind and funny girl _ all of us like to make friends with her【难点五】定语从句与单句用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整、正确The mother told the lazy boy to work，_ didnt helpThe mother told the lazy boy to work_ didnt help高中英语定语从句句型总结一、疑问句中考查定语从句1. Is this the farm _ you visited last week？A. where B. the one C. on which D. /二、倒装句中考查定语从句2. We came to a place， _ stood a big tower.A. which B. that C. / D. where三、 拆分词组和固定搭配3. The second is connected with the use _ the body makes of food.A. of which B. where C. to do D. that4. Why cant you realize the part _ they have played in our life？A. which B. on which C. when D. where四、添加插入语或状语5. The scientist has made another discovery， _ I believe is of great importance.A. that B. / C. which D. why五、插入非谓语动词6. Is this the man _ you want to have _the radio for me？A. who；repaired B. that；repaired C. whom；repairing D. that；repair定语从句完成句子专练1-Do you have anything to say for yourself?-Yes, there is one point （我们必须坚持）.(insist)2. There were about 50 foreign students studying in china,_ （大多数人是德国人）. (most)3. I often think of many cases （学生对英语单词很熟悉）,but cant speak English well. (familiar)4. A new subway will have been completed by the end of 2008,_ （那时我们去观光将会很便利）. (convenient)5. The Chinese government has decided to develop the west of china,_ （这会使穷人受益）. (benefit)6. （正如所宣布的一样）, Well have to take the college entrance examination. (announce)7 The room, （窗户朝南）, is accessible to cars. (face)8 Everything depends on the way （我们看待他们的方式）. (treat)9. The boy will never forget the day （他一个人留在家里）. (leave alone)10. There are two buildings, （较大的那栋将近一百英尺高）. (stand)11. （正如上文所述）, few people are total winners or losers. (mention)12. He stood at the window, （从那儿他能看见正发生的事）. (happen)13. The reason （我兄弟为何戒烟）is that it is bad for his health. (why)14. He is late for class again, （这是常有的事）.(case)15. You must do the thing （自己认为做不到的事情）. (think）16. （正如大家所看到的），great changes have t