高考英语阅读理解冲刺全程训练（7）(1).doc

2014高考英语阅读理解冲刺全程训练（7）及答案阅读理解-（a）how room designs affect our work and feelings architects have long had the feeling that the places we live in can affect our thoughts, feelings and behaviors. but now scientists are giving this feeling an empirical（经验的，实证的） basis. they are discovering how to design spaces that promote creativity, keep people focused and lead to relaxation. researches show that aspects of the physical environment can influence creativity. in 2007, joan meyers-levy at the university of minnesota, reported that the height of a rooms ceiling affects how people think. her research indicates that higher ceilings encourage people to think more freely, which may lead them to make more abstract connections. low ceilings, on the other hand, may inspire a more detailed outlook. in additions to ceiling height, the view afforded by a building may influence an occupants ability to concentrate. nancy wells and her colleagues at cornell university found in their study that kids who experienced the greatest increase in greenness as a result of a family move made the most gains on a standard test of attention. using nature to improve focus of attention ought to pay off academically, and it seems to, according to a study led by c. kenneth tanner, head of the school design & planning laboratory at the university of georgia. tanner and his team found that students in classrooms with unblocked views of at least 50 feet outside the window had higher scores on tests of vocabulary, language arts and maths than did students whose classrooms primarily overlooked roads and parking lots. recent study on room lighting design suggests than dim（暗淡的） light helps people to loosen up. if that is true generally, keeping the light low during dinner or at parties could increase relaxation. researchers of harvard medical school also discovered that furniture with rounded edges could help visitors relax. so far scientists have focused mainly on public buildings. we have a very limited number of studies, so were almost looking at the problem through a straw（吸管）, architect david allison says. how do you take answers to very specific questions and make broad, generalized use of them? thats what were all struggling with. ( ) 1. what does joan meyers-levy focus on in her research? a. light. b. ceilings. c. windows. d. furniture. ( ) 2. the passage tells us that _. a. the shape of furniture may affect peoples feelings b. lower ceilings may help improve students creativity c. children in a dim classroom may improve their grades d. students in rooms with unblocked views may feel relaxed ( ) 3. the underlined sentence in the last paragraph probably means that _. a. the problem is not approached step by step b. the researches so far have faults in themselves c. the problem is too difficult for researchers to detect d. research in this area is not enough to make generalized patterns ( ) 4. which of the following shows the organization of the passage? cp: central point p: point sp: sub-point（次要点） c: conclusion 64.b。 细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知joan meyers-levy focus on ceilings. 65.a。 细节判断题。根据文中内容可知b,c和d均是错误的。 66.d。 句意猜测题。根据划线句子后面的一句话可以知道该题的正确答案为:d。 67.c。 考查文章结构。注意解题技巧。第一段为总要点，最后一段为结论，要点123共同服务于结论，重要的是要点二又包含了两个次要点。综上分析可知答案为:c。 passage eighteen (strictly ban smoking)if you smoke and you still dont believe that theres a definite link between smoking and bronchial troubles, heart disease and lung cancer, then you are certainly deceiving yourself. no one will accuse you of hypocrisy. let us just say that you are suffering from a bad case of wishful thinking. this neednt make you too uncomfortable because you are in good company. whenever the subject of smoking and health is raised, the governments of most countries hear no evil, see no evil and smell no evil. admittedly, a few governments have taken timid measures. in britain for instance, cigarette advertising has been banned on television. the conscience of the nation is appeased, while the population continues to puff its way to smoky, cancerous death.you dont have to look very far to find out why the official reactions to medical findings have been so lukewarm. the answer is simply money. tobacco is a wonderful commodity to tax. its almost like a tax on our daily bread. in tax revenue alone, the government of britain collects enough from smokers to pay for its entire educational facilities. so while the authorities point out ever so discreetly that smoking may, conceivable, be harmful, it doesnt do to shout too loudly about it.this is surely the most short-sighted policy you could imagine. while money is eagerly collected in vast sums with one hand, it is paid out in increasingly vaster sums with the other. enormous amounts are spent on cancer research and on efforts to cure people suffering from the disease. countless valuable lives are lost. in the long run, there is no doubt that everybody would be much better-off if smoking were banned altogether.of course, we are not ready for such a drastic action. but if the governments of the world were honestly concerned about the welfare of their peoples, youd think theyd conduct aggressive anti-smoking campaigns. far from it! the tobacco industry is allowed to spend staggering sums on advertising. its advertising is as insidious as it is dishonest. we are never shown pictures of real smokers coughing up their lungs early in the morning. that would never do. the advertisement always depict virile, clean-shaven young men. they suggest it is manly to smoke, even positively healthy! smoking is associated with the great open-air life, with beautiful girls, true love and togetherness. what utter nonsense!for a start, governments could begin by banning all cigarette and tobacco advertising and should then conduct anti-smoking advertising campaigns of their own. smoking should be banned in all public places like theatres, cinemas and restaurants. great efforts should be made to inform young people especially of the dire consequences of taking up the habit. a horrific warning say, a picture of a deaths head should be included in every packet of cigarettes that is sold. as individuals, we are certainly weak, but if governments acted honestly and courageously, they could protect us from ourselves.1.why do a few governments take timid measures toward smoking?a because they are afraid of people.because diseases cost a lot.c because they are afraid of the cutting down of their revenue.d because they are afraid of manufacturers.2.the tone of this passage isa critical.ironical.c distaste.d amusing.3.what does the sentence “because you are in good company” mean?a you are backed by the government.you are not alone.c you have good colleagues.d governments are blind to evils of smoking too.4.what is the best title of this passage?a world governments should conduct serious campaigns against smoking.world governments take timid measures against smoking.c smoking is the most important source of income to many countries.d tobacco industry spends a large sum of money on medical research.vocabulary1.a wishful thinking 根据愿望的想法，不顾事实的想法2.puff 喷 puff its way to 一路吞云吐雾走向（指抽烟抽到死）3.lukewarm 冷淡/漠然4.insidious 阴险的，狡猾的5.virile 年富力强的写作方法与文章大意这是一篇“要求政府禁烟”的论说文，采用因果对比手法。先以讽刺口吻指出政府对禁烟的态度软弱无力。然后点明软弱的原因大量税收。再以抽烟大严重后果，机器所花去的钱说明得不偿失。而烟草工业广告泛滥，毒化人们。从而提出政府应从禁止烟广告作起。答案详解1.c 因为他们害怕收入减少。答案见第二段。“你不用看得很远就能发现为什么官方对医学成果的反应如此冷淡，答案就是钱。烟草是征税的最奇妙的商品，几乎就像日用面包的税收。光烟草税收一项，英国政府就从抽烟人身上征到足以支付整个教育措施的费用。所以在当局那么谨慎地指出吸烟有害时，可以想象，喊叫得太响时不行的。”a.他们害怕人民。d.他们害怕厂商。文中没有。b.疾病花费很大和软弱无力的禁烟措施有关。不是花费大而采取弱政策。2.b 讽刺语气。特别表现在第一段、第四段。a.批评语气，整篇文章都在批评，这不是什么语气问题。这里时以讽刺的口吻加以批评政府软弱的禁烟政策。c.厌恶。d.有趣。3.d 政府对吸烟的恶果也是视而不见。a.政府支持。太明朗化。b.你不是单独一人。和c.你有好同事，都是似是而非的答案。这可以上下文说明，第一段：“假如你吸烟，依然认为吸烟和支气管炎、心脏病、肺癌等毫无关系，那你是自欺欺人。可没有人会说你虚伪。我们可以说你是患有一厢情愿病。这你无需太难受，因为你有好伙伴。每当提出吸烟和健康有关的问题时，大多数国家的政府对其恶果视而不见、听而不闻、嗅而不觉。”4.a 世界各国政府应该开展眼里的禁烟运动。因为前面四段都是现象：政策软弱。如英国政府只在电视上禁止烟草广告以高位人们的良知。另一方面人民继续一路吞云吐雾走到癌症死亡。讲烟草的税收高，所以不严禁。这项政策的后果是疾病花费大于烟草税收。烟草广告泛滥毒害人。唯一解救的办法就是禁烟。最后一段是结论，也是画龙点睛的主题和标题。“作为起步，政府可以从禁止烟草广告开始，然后应开展抵制吸烟的广告运动。一切公共场合，如戏院、电影院、返点等应禁止吸烟。应竭尽全力告诫青年，尤其是告诫他们染上恶习的严重后果。在零卖的每包烟盒上应有一令人胆战心惊的警告：例如，一幅骷髅头画像。作为个人，我们力量薄弱，可是如果政府真诚地鼓舞人心的行动起来，他们可以保护我们。”b.世界各国政府采取禁烟政策软弱无力。c.吸烟是许多国家重要收入。这两项是不分具体内容。d.烟草工厂在医疗研究上花了大笔费用。阅读理解-（a）sports shoes that out whether their owner has enough exercise to warrant time in front of the television have been devised in the uk. the shoesnamed square eyescontain an electronic pressure sensor and a tiny computer chip to record how many steps the wearer has taken in a day. a wireless transmitter passes the information to a receiver connected to a television, and this decides how much evening viewing time the wearer deserves, based on the days efforts. the design was inspired by a desire to fight against the rapidly ballooning waistlines among british teenagers, says gillian swan, who developed square eyes as a final year design project at brunel university to london, uk. “we looked at current issues and childhood overweight really stood out,” she says. “and i wanted to tackle that with my design.” once a child has used up their daily allowance gained through exercise, the television automatically switches off. and further time in front of the tv can only be earned through more steps. swan calculated how exercise should translate to television time using the recommended daily amounts of both. health experts suggest that a child take 12,000 steps each day and watch no more than two hours of television. so, every 100 steps recorded by the square eyes shoes equals precisely one minute of tv time. existing pedometers （计步器） normally clip onto a belt or slip into a pocket and keep count of steps by measuring sudden movement. swan says these can be easily tricked into recording steps through shaking. but her shoe has been built to be harder for lazy teenagers to cheat. “it is possible, but it would be a lot of effort,” she says. “that was one of my main design considerations.” ( ) 1. according to swan, the purpose of her design project is to _. a. keep a record of the steps of the wearer b. deal with overweight among teenagers c. enable children to resist the temptation of tv d. prevent children from being tricked by tv programs( ) 2. which of the following is true of square eyes shoes? a. they regulate a childs evening tv viewing time. b. they determine a childs daily pocket money. c. they have raised the hot issue of overweight. d. they contain information of the receiver. ( ) 3. what is stressed by health experts in their suggestion? a. the exact number of steps to be taken. b. the precise number of hours spent on tv. c. the proper amount of daily exercise and tv time. d. the way of changing steps into tv watching time. ( ) 4. compared with other similar products, the new design _. a. makes it difficult for lazy teenagers to c