【志鸿优化设计】高中英语 第二十二单元 Environmental Protection过关检测 北师大版选修8(1).doc

第二十二单元过关检测.单项填空(共15小题;每题1分,共15分)1.the president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without his notes.a.bringing upb.referring toc.looking ford.trying on提示:句意为:“总统在商会上进行了近一个小时的脱稿演讲。”bring up“抚养”;refer to“参照,查阅”;look for“寻找”;try on“试穿”。答案:b2.a quarrel last sunday,and he his family.a.was broken out;broke awayb.broke out;broke awayc.was broken out;broke away fromd.broke out;broke away from提示:句意为:“上星期日他与家人发生了口角,然后就离家出走了。”break out无被动语态;break away(from sb./sth.)“脱离,逃脱”。答案:d3.the loss has not yet been accurately,but it is believed to be well beyond a hundred million dollars.a.calculatedb.consideredc.completedd.controlled提示:句意为:“还没有对损失进行精确的计算,但大家认为会超过一亿美元。”calculate“计算”;consider“认为”;complete“完成”;control“控制”。答案:a4.hey,dear!guess what?ive got a pay rise!this a celebration!lets go to sing karaoke tonight.a.brings outb.works outc.calls ford.pays for提示:此处表示“需要”之意,故选c项。a项“把拿出来,显露”;b项“计算出,结果(如何)”;d项“为付款”。答案:c5.mr smith looks old,but ,he is very young.a.in the factb.in a realityc.as a matter of factd.as matter of a fact提示:固定短语as a matter of fact“实际上”。答案:c6.would you please the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes?a.look aroundb.look intoc.look upd.look through提示:句意为:“请你帮我浏览一下这篇论文,看看是否有明显的错误好吗?”look around“环顾”;look into“调查”;look up“查阅,抬头看”;look through“查看,快速浏览”。答案:d7.why do you suggest we buy a new machine?because the old one has been damaged .a.beyond reachb.beyond repairc.beyond controld.beyond description提示:beyond reach“够不着”;beyond repair“无法修理”;beyond control“无法控制”;beyond description“无法描述”。由题意可知应选b项。答案:b8. two giraffes,zheng he later brought zebras,shells,elephant ivory back to china after his voyages.a.besideb.exceptc.in additiond.apart from提示:根据题意,此处表示“除了之外(还有)”之意,故本题选d项。a项应改为besides;b项意义不对;c项应改为in addition to。答案:d9.the comments are not directly to this enquiry.a.associatedb.relevancec.relevantd.remarkable提示:句意为:“这些意见和这项调查没有直接联系。”be relevant to“与相关”;relevance n.“关联”;remarkable“显著的”;be associated with “与有关联”。答案:c10.we have been looking forward to the day when the motorcar is replaced by some less dangerous of transport.a.meansb.methodsc.mannersd.ways提示:表示“交通方式,交通手段”时,只能用means,该词的单复数同形。method表示系统科学的方法;manners“规矩”;way“方式,方法”。答案:a11.it was of you to turn down the radio while the kids were doing their homework.a.considerableb.consciousc.considerated.aware提示:由句意可知此处应选c项表示“体贴的,体谅的”。a项“可观的,相当多的”;b项“察觉的,意识到”;d项“察觉的,感觉到的”。答案:c12.the professor emphasises the dependence of theory on practice and that theory is based on practice and serves practice.a.in returnb.in turnc.in detaild.in addition提示:句意为:“教授强调了理论对于实践的依赖,理论基于实践,反过来为实践服务。”in turn表示“反过来,轮流,依次”,符合语境。a项“作为报答”;c项“详细地”;d项“另外,而且”。答案:b13.despite the fact that all three teams different approaches to the problem,they were all immediate successes.a.adaptedb.adoptedc.acquiredd.approved提示:adopt different approaches意为“采用不同的方法”。a项“适应,改编”;c项“获得”;d项“同意”。由句意可知本题应选b项。答案:b14.during the last paralympics,all the rooms in the paralympic village in beijing were so designed that they were easily to the disabled.a.accessibleb.availablec.convenientd.valid提示:此处表示“可以接近或使用的”,故a项符合题意。b项“可以得到的”;c项“方便的”,因为空格前有easily,所以不能选用,d项“合法的,有效的,有根据的”。答案:a15.there were many talented actors out there just waiting .a.to discoverb.to be discoveredc.discoveredd.being discovered提示:句意为“有许多有才能的演员,只是在等待着被发现。”wait为不及物动词,后跟不定式表示目的。wait (for sb.)to do sth.“等待着(某人)做某事”。just waiting to be discovered 在题干中作定语,修饰actors。答案:b.完形填空(共20小题;每题1.5分,共30分)(2012天津)i fell in love with yosemite national park the first time i saw it,when i was 13.my parents took us there for camping.on the way out,i asked them to wait while i ran up to e1 capitan,a 16 rock of 3,300 feet straight up.i touched that giant rock and knew 17 i wanted to climb it.that has been my lifes passion (钟爱) ever since 18 the rocks and mountains of yosemite.ive long made yosemite my 19.about 15 years ago i started seeing a lot of 20,like toilet paper,beer cans,and empty boxes,around the area.its 21 me why visitors started respecting the place 22 and treated such a beautiful home-like place this way.i tried 23 trash (垃圾) myself,but the job was too big.i would 24 an hour or two on the job,only to find the area trashed all over again weeks later.finally,i got so 25 it that i decided something had to change.as a rock-climbing guide,i knew 26 about organizing any big event.but in 2004,together with some climbers,i set a date for a 27.on that day,more than 300 people 28.over three days we collected about 6,000 pounds of trash.it was amazing how much we were able to 29.i couldnt believe the 30 we made the park looked clean!each year volunteers come for the cleanup from everywhere.in 2007 alone,2,945 people picked up 42,330 pounds of trash and 31 132 miles of roadway.i often hear people 32 about their surroundings.if you are one of them,i would say the only way to change things is by 33 rather than complaining.we need to teach by 34.you cant blame others 35 you start with yourself.16.a.distantb.hugec.narrowd.loose提示:根据rock后面的数据3,300 feet以及下一句话中的形容词giant可知,此处应选择huge,说明这块石头非常巨大。答案:b17.a.immediatelyb.finallyc.graduallyd.recently提示:根据语境可知,抚摸着那块巨大的岩石,作者立刻有了一种想要攀爬的想法。答案:a18.a.imaginingb.paintingc.describingd.climbing提示:根据上文出现的“i wanted to climb it”以及下文第26个空前面的“as a rock-climbing guide”可知,从此攀爬约塞米蒂国家公园的岩石和山成为作者一生钟爱的运动。答案:d19.a.gardenb.homec.labd.palace提示:此处作者想要表现的是他对约塞米蒂国家公园的热爱和迷恋,已经把它当成了自己的家园。下文第22个空后面的形容词home-like也是提示信息。答案:b20.a.materialb.resourcesc.wasted.goods提示:根据下文列举的事物“toilet paper,beer cans,and empty boxes”可知,此处指的是人们乱丢的垃圾或者说废弃物。答案:c21.a.beyondb.againstc.overd.within提示:游客们乱扔垃圾的行为让作者感到难以理解。sth. be beyond sb.意为“某事对于某人来说难以想象或难以理解”。答案:a22.a.moreb.mostc.lessd.least提示:游客们乱扔垃圾的行为说明人们对约塞米蒂国家公园的重视程度比以前降低了。答案:c23.a.throwing awayb.picking upc.breaking downd.digging out提示:作者对约塞米蒂国家公园一直充满感情,看到环境遭到破坏,自然心痛,亲自动手捡垃圾,但这项工作毕竟不是一个人能够完成的。throw away“扔掉,抛弃”;pick up“捡起,拾起”;break down“决裂,中断,崩溃”;dig out“挖掘,挖走”。答案:b24.a.killb.savec.waitd.spend提示:这是一个spend some time on sth.句型,表示作者经常花费一两个小时的时间捡垃圾。答案:d25.a.satisfied withb.delighted inc.tired ofd.used to提示:根据上文内容可知,作者捡完垃圾,几周后,又是垃圾满地,所以最终,作者感到有些厌倦了,决定采取行动来改变现状。get tired of“对感到厌倦”;be satisfied with“对感到满意”;be delighted in“对感到高兴”;be used to sth. “习惯于某事”。答案:c26.a.somethingb.anythingc.everythingd.nothing提示:作者身为攀岩教练,对组织大型活动这类的事情一无所知。know nothing about“对一无所知”。答案:d27.a.cleanupb.partyc.picnicd.concert提示:根据下文内容可知,作者在2004年与一群爬山爱好者们组织了一次清除垃圾活动。答案:a28.a.dropped outb.showed upc.looked aroundd.called back提示:在活动的当天,有300多人来到活动现场。drop out“离开,退出”;show up“来到,露面”;look around“四下观望”;call back“回电话”。答案:b29.a.demandb.receivec.accomplishd.overcome提示:根据上文出现的数据可知,三天时间内,共清理了6,000磅垃圾,作者对他们取得的成绩感到惊叹。答案:c30.a.planb.visitc.contactd.difference提示:此处考查的其实是短语make a difference“有很大的关系、影响或作用”,此处指作者简直不敢相信他们发挥的作用,整个公园看起来十分干净。答案:d31.a.crossedb.measuredc.coveredd.designed提示:cover在此处意为“涉及,包括,范围是”,指的是志愿者们清除垃圾的活动范围。答案:c32.a.talkb.complainc.argued.quarrel提示:根据下文第33个空后面的complaining一词可知,此处表示作者经常听到人们抱怨周围的环境。答案:b33.a.doingb.thinkingc.questioningd.watching提示:根据上文作者处理问题的方式可知,作者认为改变情况唯一的方法是采取行动而不是抱怨。答案:a34.a.methodb.explanationc.exampled.research提示:作者自己正是通过以身作则、以身示范的方式教育周围的人们爱护环境的。example “例子,榜样”;method “方法”;explanation “解释”;research “研究”。答案:c35.a.althoughb.ifc.whend.unless提示:作者进一步说明自己的观点:如果你不能从自身做起的话,你就不能责怪别人。unless引导条件状语从句,意为“除非,如果不”。答案:d.阅读理解(共10小题,每题2分,共20分)a(2012山东,a)the pacific island nation of nauru used to be a beautiful place.now it is an ecological disaster area.naurus heartbreaking story could have one good consequenceother countries might learn from its mistakes.for thousands of years,polynesian people lived on the remote island of nauru,far from western civilization.the first european to arrive was john fearn in 1798.he was the british captain of the hunter,a whaling ship.he called the island pleasant island.however,because it was very remote,nauru had little communication with europeans at first.then whaling ships and other traders began to visit,bringing guns and alcohol.these elements destroyed the social balance of the twelve family groups on the island.a ten-year civil war started,which reduced the population from 1400 to 900.naurus real troubles began in 1899 when a british mining company discovered phosphate(磷酸盐)on the island.in fact,it found that the island of nauru was nearly all phosphate,which is a very important fertilizer for farming.the company began mining the phosphate.a phosphate mine is not a hole in the ground;it is a strip mine.when a company strip-mines,it removes the top layer of soil.then it takes away the material it wants.strip-mining totally destroys the land.gradually,the lovely island of nauru started to look like the moon.in 1968,nauru became one of the richest countries in the world.every year the government received millions and millions of dollars for its phosphate.unfortunately,the leaders invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars.in addition,they used millions more dollars for personal expenses.soon people realized that they had a terrible problemtheir phosphate was running out.ninety percent of their island was destroyed and they had nothing.by 2000,nauru was almost financially ruined.experts say that it would take approximately $433,600,000 and more than 20 years to repair the island.this will probably never happen.36.what might be the authors purpose in writing the text?a.to seek help for naurus problems.b.to give a warning to other countries.c.to show the importance of money.d.to tell a heartbreaking story of a war.提示:主旨大意题。文章第一段提到瑙鲁前后的变化以及该段最后一句“.other countries might learn from its mistakes.”可知作者的写作目的是为了引起其他国家的重视,以示警告。故选b项。答案:b37.what was nauru like before the europeans came?a.rich and powerful.b.modern and open.c.peaceful and attractive.d.greedy and aggressive.提示:细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“.used to be a beautiful place.”以及第二段第一句“.lived on the remote island of nauru, far from western civilization.”可知瑙鲁在欧洲人到来之前是一个安定而美丽的地方。答案:c38.the ecological disaster in nauru resulted from .a.soil pollutionb.phosphate overminingc.farming activityd.whale hunting提示:细节理解题。文章第四段提到一家英国矿业公司发现瑙鲁含有丰富的磷酸盐后开始开采,第五段又说明了其实这种露天矿的开采破坏了土壤的表层,最终使得“the lovely island of nauru started to look like the moon”。因此可以看出其生态灾难是由过度的采矿引起的,故b项正确。答案:b39.which of the following was a cause of naurus financial problem?a.its leaders misused the money.b.it spent too much repairing the island.c.its phosphate mining cost much money.d.it lost millions of dollars in the civil war.提示:细节理解题。根据最后一段前两句“.the leader invested the money unwisely and lost millions of dollars.in addition, they used millions more dollars for personal expenses.”可知领导人使用资金不当,致使瑙鲁陷入财政困难。故选a项。答案:a40.what can we learn about nauru from the last paragraph?a.the ecological damage is difficult to repair.b.the leaders will take the experts words seriously.c.the island was abandoned by the nauruans.d.the phosphate mines were destroyed.提示:推理判断题。结合文章最后一段倒数第二句专家所说的修复瑙鲁(岛)需要花的钱和时间,以及最后一句“this will probably never happen.”可以推断一旦造成生态破坏,是很难修复的。故选a项。答案:abpeople all over the world today are beginning to hear and learn more and more about the problem of pollution.pollution is caused either by mans release of completely new artificial substances into the environment,or by releasing greatly increased amounts of a natural substance,such as oil from oil tankers into the sea.the whole industrial process which makes many of the goods and machines we need and use in our daily lives,is bound to create a number of waste products which upset the environmental balance,or the ecological(生态的) balance as is also known.many of these waste products can be prevented or disposed(处理) of.but while more and more new and complex goods are produced,there will be new,dangerous waste to be disposed of,for example,the waste products from nuclear power stations.many people,therefore,see pollution as only part of a larger and more complex problem,that is,the whole process of industrial production and consumption of goods.others again see the problem mainly in connection with agriculture,where new methods are helping farmers grow more and more on their land to feed our ever-increasing population.however,the land itself is gradually becoming worn out as it is being used,in some cases,too heavily,and artificial fertilizers can not restore the balance.whatever its underlying reasons are,there is no doubt that much of the pollution caused could be controlled if only companies,individuals and governments would make more efforts.in the home there is an obvious need to control litter and waste.food comes wrapped up three or four times in packages that all have to be disposed of;drinks are increasingly sold in bottles or tins which can not be reused.this not only causes a litter problem,but also is a great waste of resources,in terms of glass,metals and paper.advertising has helped this process by persuading many of us not only to buy things we neither want nor need,but also to throw away much of what we do buy.pollution and waste combine to be a problem everyone can help to solve by cutting out unnecessary buying,excessive consumption and careless disposal of the products we use in our daily lives.41.the main cause of pollution is .a.our ever-increasing populationb.increased amounts of a natural substancec.the release of artificial or natural substances into the environmentd.the production of new industrial goods提示:由原文中心含义可知,污染的原因在于随意排放各种物质。原文第一段第二句清楚地说明了这一点。答案:c42.in the writers view,the more new goods,.a.the less pollutionb.the harder pollution can be preventedc.the more easily pollution can be controlledd.the more pollution there will be提示:原文第二段首句表明我们在生产各种生活用品时,肯定会产生破坏生态平衡的废物。再由第二段二、三句可见,生产的新产品越多,造成的污染就越大。答案:d43.much of the pollution could be controlled if only .a.people would pay more attention to the problemb.governments would take effective measuresc.all sides concerned would make more effortsd.farmers would use less artificial fertilizers提示:由原文第三段第一句可得出只有各方齐努力,才能控制污染。答案:c44.many people see pollution as only part of .a.our daily lifeb.the environmental balancec.the consumption of goods by mand.the whole process of industrial production and consumption of goods提示:原文第二段第四句表明答案为d项。答案:d45.people can help solve the problem of pollution by .a.making anti-pollution advertisementsb.reducing unnecessary buying,excessive consumption and careless disposal of the products we usec.asking the governments to control the wasted.cutting down the use of oil提示:由文中第三段最后一句话可知b项正确。答案:b.任务型读写(共10小题;每题1分,共10分)most scientists are now certain that global warming is taking place.gases such as carbon dioxide produced by burning coal,oil,wood,together with industrial pollution,are creating a warm blanket around the earth.this blanket is trapping heat in the atmosphere and so raising the temperature of the earth.the evidence for global warming can now be seen in the worlds changing climate statistics.in europe,eight of the last ten years have seen record high temperature.for northern europe,this has generally been a change for the better.gardens can even now grow tropical plants in england,though london may never see a “white christmas” again.on the other hand,the countries around the mediterranean sea,and those south of the sahara desert are receiving even less rain than before.in sub-saharan africa the crops are drying out in the fields and people are dying of starvation.in the americas,the climate is becoming more extremethe summers are getting hotter and hotter and the storms are becoming more violent.in 1999 the southern united states was struck by a series of destructive hurricanes,while the end of 1999 saw the worst floods ever in venezuela.meteorologists expect such trends to continue,and indeed to worsen,if global warming cannot be halted(终止).in addition to worrying about rising global temperatures and more extreme weather conditions,scientists are closely mo