高考考前必背材料汇总.doc

-高考考前必背材料汇总第一类 高考英语单词陷阱名人名言No one can degrade us except ourselves; that if we are worthy, no influence can defeat us. (B.T.Washington, American educator)除了我们自己以外，没有人能贬低我们。如果我们坚强，就没有什么不良影响能够打败我们。一、一个星期七天1. Monday 2 Tuesday 3. Wednesday.4 Thursday 5. Friday6. Saturday7. Sunday二、一年十二个月1. January2. February 3. March4. April 5. May 6. June 7. July 8. August 9. September10.October11. November12. December三、一年四季1. spring2. summer3. autumn4. winter四、容易拼写错的数字19eighth第八ninth第九forty四十twelfth第十二twentieth第二十四、亲属称呼daughter (女儿)niece (女性晚辈)nephew (男性晚辈)cousin (同辈兄弟姐妹)aunt (女性长辈)uncle (男性长辈)五、以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母regret (regretted, regretting) 后悔control (controlled, controlling) 控制admit (admitted, admitting) 承认occur (occurred, occurring) 出现prefer (preferred, preferring) 宁愿refer (referred, referring) 提到forget (forgetting ) 忘记permit (permitted, permitting)允许equip (equipped, equipping) 装备注意：quarrel, signal, travel中的l可双写（英国英语）也可不双写（美国英语）六、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词broadcast (broadcast, broadcast) 广播flee (fled, fled) 逃跑forbid (forbade, forbidden) 禁止forgive (forgave, forgiven) 原谅freeze (froze, frozen) 结冰hang (作“绞死”讲，是规则的；作“悬挂”讲，其过去式过去分词都是hung)lie (作“说谎”讲时，是规则的；作“位于”讲时，其过去式是lay，过去分词是lain)seek (sought, sought) 寻求shake (shook, shaken) 发抖sing (sang, sung) 唱歌sink (sank, sunk/sunken) 下沉spread (spread, spread) 传播swim (swam, swum) 游泳tear (tore, torn) 撕碎weave (wove, woven) 编织七、意思相近的词check / examine/ testreceive / acceptdestroy /damage celebrate/ congratulatewear / dress八、注意形容词变名词时的拼写变化longlength 长度widewidth 宽度highheight 高度strongstrength力量九、以-ic结尾的动词，应先把-ic变为-ick，再加ing或edpicnic (picnicked, picnicking) 野餐 十、个别名词的复数拼写German (Germans) 德国人gulf (gulfs) 海湾handkerchief (handkerchiefs) 手帕hero (英雄)，potato (土豆)，tomato (西红柿) 等有生命的以-o结尾的名词变复数时要加-es。roof (roofs) 房顶stomach 胃 (其复数是stomachs而不是加es)十一、注意动词变名词时的拼写变化succeedsuccess成功pronouncepronunciation 发音explainexplanation解释decidedecision 决定enterentrance进入permitpermission 允许refuserefusal 拒绝considerconsideration 考虑discoverdiscovery 发现buryburial 埋葬concludeconclusion 得出结论arrivearrival 到达weighweight 重量十二、注意形容词变副词时的拼写变化beautifulbeautifully 美丽的possiblepossibly 可能的practicalpractically 实际的particularparticularly 特别的successfulsuccessfully 成功的十三、其它必背单词abroad 国外 absence n. 缺席 (absent adj.) accepted (NMET1997) accident事故 (accidental adj. 偶然的，accidentally adv. 偶然地) achievement成就 (achieve v. 获得) address地址 admire钦佩 admitting (2000北京春季卷) agreement 协议agriculture农业 (agricultural adj. 农业的) altogether总共 ancient 古代的 announced(NMET1999)anxiety 忧虑 (anxious adj. 焦急的，anxiously adv. 焦急地) apologize/apologise (2000全国卷 )apologize v. 道歉 (apology n. 道歉apologetic adj. 道歉的，apologetically adv.道歉地)appreciate感激/欣赏 (感激人用thank sb；谢谢某人做的事用appreciate sth.) Asian(NMET1996) assistant 助手astonish吃惊 (astonishment n. 吃惊，astonishing，astonished) astronaut 宇航员 atmosphere气氛attempt尝试 (可作名词也可作动词) attentively 专心地 attentively(NMET1996) ttitude 态度 average 平均attract 吸引 (attraction吸引力) average(NMET1999) balance平衡 beauty 美 (beautiful) biology生物believe相信 (belief n. 信念，其复数是beliefs) beyond超过 birthday生日 bravery 勇敢 broadcast(NMET1996)broadcast广播 (过去式、过去分词同原形) carefully 小心 (carefully) ceiling天花板 celebrated (2000北京春季卷)celebration 庆祝 (celebrate n. 庆祝) century 世纪 challenge 挑战 character 性格 charge收费 cinema电影院comfort v. & n. 安慰 (comfortable adj. comfortably adv.舒适地) comfortably(NMET1997) comment 评论communication 交流 competition 竞赛 (compete v. 竞赛competitor 竞赛者) composition 作文 concert 音乐会conclude v. conclusion n. 结论 condition情况 (conditions条件) confessing (2000北京春季卷) congratulations 祝贺 (congratulate v.) constantly 不断地 construction(NMET1996) continue继续 contribution 贡献 (contribute v.)conveniently方便 (convenient adj.) conversation 谈话 coughing(NMET1997) cousin表兄弟 customer 顾客cruelty 残酷 (cruel adj. cruelly adv.) curious 好奇 (curiosity n. 好奇) curious(NMET1996) customers (2000北京春季卷)custom习俗 damage损坏 declared(NMET1999) delicious 美味 destroy毁灭 (其过去式是destroyed)determined 有决心的develop发展 (development n. developing 发展中的，developed发达的) dialogue 对话 diary 日记 (dairy 奶制品)difference 不同点 (有复数形式) disappointed失望 (disappointing 让人失望的) disappointment 失望 disturb打扰discovery 发现 (其复数是discoveries，其动词是discover，discoverer发现者) dollar美元 (其复数是dollars)downstairs楼下 dream梦想 (其过去式是dreamed或dreamt) electricity电 (electrical电的，electric 电的)employ 雇用 (employment n. employer 雇主，employee雇员) empty倒空 (可用动词，其过去式是emptied)encourage鼓励 (encouraging, encouraged, encouragement n.) energy能量 envelope 信封 envy n. 妒忌 (envious adj.)equal(NMET1998) equipment设备 especially 尤其是 essential(NMET1999) European 欧洲人 event事件excellent极好 (excellence n. excellently adv.) exhibition(NMET1997) exhibition展览 expense 耗费 expert 专家experience 经验 (experienced 有经验的) expression 表达 failure 失败 (fail v.) familiar(NMET1999) familiar熟悉的favorite 最喜爱的 (即作形容词也作名词，作名词时有复数) figure人物/数字 finger手指 flight飞行 forehead前额foreign(NMET1998) fortunately幸运地 forward向前 freezing 极冷的 (frozen 冷冻的) frequently 经常地furniture 家具further进一步的 generally (2000全国卷 geography地理 Germany德国 government(NMET1996) gradually逐渐地graduation毕业 (graduate) grammar语法 habits (NMET1997) handkerchiefs (2000北京春季卷) honesty 诚实 (honest)honor/honour 荣誉 imagination 想象力 (imagine v.) immediate (2000北京春季卷) immediately马上 impress 印象 (impression n.) incident小事件 including包括 (include v.) indispensable (NMET1999) industry工业 (industrial adj. 工业的) information 信息 inspire激励 (inspiration n. inspiring, inspired) institute学院 instrument 仪器 interest 兴趣interrupt 打断 interrupt打断introduce介绍 (introduction n.) irregular 不规则的 journey旅程 judge判断 (judgment)kindergarten幼儿园 knowledge 知识 labor/labour劳动 late1y(NMET1999) laughter笑声 lawyer律师librarian图书馆理员loss损失 (lose, lost 是其动词形式) luckily幸运地 magazine杂志 majority (2000北京春季卷) majority大多数manage 设法 (manager, management) market(2000全国卷) marriage 结婚 (marry v. 结婚，married已婚的) mayor市长material(s)/cloth(NMET1996) material物质/材料 mean (NMET1999) measure测量medal 奖章 (比较：model 模型)memory记忆力 (memorize v. 记住，remember 记得) messages (2000全国卷) metal 金属modern现代的modest谦虚的monitor 班长/监控 moustache 胡子 murder谋杀 (murderer 凶手) musician 音乐家mysterious 神秘的 (mystery 神秘)nationality国籍 (nation 国家national国家的) naturally(NMET1998) naughty 淘气的 necessary(NMET1999) normal 正常的ninth(NMET1998) obey (NMET1997) obviously明显的 offering (2000全国卷) operation手术 opportunity 机会 ordinary 普通的organized/organised(NMET1996) particularly 特别是 passenger 旅客 passengers(NMET1999) patience耐心 (patiently)patient病人/耐心 perfect 完美 (perfectly) performed(2000北京春季卷) perhaps 或许 period 时期 permission许可persuaded(NMET1996) phenomena 现象 physicist 物理学家 pilots (2000全国卷) poisonous 有毒的 (poison) political 政治的 (politics) popular受欢迎的 population人口 position 职位possibility(-ies)可能性 (possible 可能的)poverty 贫穷 (poor) poverty贫穷 practical (NMET1997) preparing(NMET1998) pressure(NMET1997) pretend假装professor 教授 profit 利润 progress进步 pronunciation (2000北京春季卷) provide 提供 (比较：offer, supply)public 公众 purpose目的 quality(NMET1996) quantity数量 realistic(NMET1997) receive 收到 recently(NMET1999)recognised/recognized(NMET1999) recognize 认出 (recognition 承认) regards 问候 remind提醒 repeat (repetition)重复respect尊敬 restaurant 餐馆 restaurants(NMET1999) satisfaction满意 (satisfy, satisfied, satisfying) satisfactory 满意的Saturday(NMET1998) scientific 科学的 scientific科学的 secretary秘书secretly (2000北京春季卷) separately单独地separates (NMET1998) serious 严重的 (seriously) service服务 shortcoming缺点 silence 安静 (silent) similar (2000北京春季卷) similar 类似的 (similarity ies相似之处) situation形势/情况 slightly(2000全国卷) society 社会 (social adj. 社会的)southern(2000全国卷) special特别的 species 物种 (单复数同形) spring(NMET1997) square 平方 stolen(2000全国卷)straight(NMET1997) suitable合适的 support支持 surprise吃惊 surround 包围 swimming(NMET1998) technique 技术 (technical adj.) technology技术 temperature温度 theory 理论 thirsty口渴 thorough (NMET1997) total合计 traffic 交通translated(NMET1998) translation 翻译 (translator翻译家，interpret 解说, interpreter 口语翻译) umbrella(NMET1999)umbrella伞 unusually不寻常 (unusual不寻常的) unwilling 不愿意 (willing adj. 愿意 will n. 意志) upstairs(2000全国卷)upstairs楼上 vacation假期 various各种各样的 (variety n. 种类) victim受害者 victory胜利 vocabulary词汇 voyage航行waste (NMET1999) wealth财富 weather(NMET1998) whisper 低语 worship崇拜 youth年轻人 (复数加-s) zero 零第二类 高考英语经典十口诀名人名言I might say that success is won by three things: first, effort; second, more effort; third, still more effort. Thomas Hardy, British poet and novelist 可以说成功要靠三件事才能赢得：努力、努力、再努力。英国诗人、小说家哈代.T.口诀1要求跟不定式的动词 “要想干，同意办，愿意不愿意，决定尽量干。”a要求，想要，希望(want, wish, hope, expect, intend, mean) b同意(agree, promise) c意愿(care, hate, refuse) d决定，企图(determine, decide, offer, attempt, try, manage)口诀2 要求跟随动名词的动词 (1)“megafeps”(霉咖啡不吃), mind, miss, enjoy, give up, admit, avoid, finish, escape, practise. (2)“makes (a) fit speech” mind,avoid,keep,enjoy,suggest/finish,imagine,thinkabout,spend,practise,excuse,escape,cant help口诀3有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to，其口诀是：一觉二听三让四看,五观察。一觉：fee二听：hear、listen t三让：let、have、make 四看：notice、see、watch、look at五观察: observe倒装口诀口诀4 i drop caps” 在某些表示请求、命令、建议等动词后面的宾语从句中，谓语动词要用动词原形或should+动词原形。 iinsist, ddemand, rrequest/require/recommend, oorder, ppropose, ccommand, aadvise, ppreqersic, ssuggest.口诀5有些动词用过去完成时，常表示“想做而未做”的意思。可巧记其首字为组成的“withspem”，代表：wish,intend,think,hipe,suppose,plan,expect,mean口诀6例装副词开头要例装，人称代词则如常。only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装。否定意义副连词，“既不也不”须倒装。表语前置主语长，衔接自然常倒装。 such代词做表语，引起主谓要倒装。Not only开头句，前一分句须倒装。had，were，should虚拟句，省略if半倒装。口诀7当名词有多个形容词修饰时，下面的口诀可帮你记住这一先后顺序。限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠；口诀8lie lay lain躺lay laid laid放下；产蛋lie lied lied撒谎，这几个词在拼写上很容易混淆，有人编了这样的口诀：规则的“撒谎”，不规则的“躺”，“躺”过就“下蛋”，“下蛋”不规则。“规则”指规则变化，“不规则”即不规则变化，如lie作“撒谎”解时，是规则变化，即其过去式和过去分词直接加-d；“躺过”的“过”指的是过去式，即lie的过去式lay是“下蛋”的原形；“下蛋”是不规则变化。口诀9分开“一段时间”， some time表示“一段时间”； 相聚“在某一时”，sometime表示“在某一时”； “有时”相聚加s，sometimes表示“有时，不时”；“几次”分开带s，some times表示“几次，次数”。口诀10短文改错（一）见到谓语找主语，主谓一致找状语见到名词想多数，可不可数要记牢。 见到平行看结构，形式功能要对称。 见到代词找指代，指代通常不合理小小of常抓的点，of前名词adj最高级（二） 谓与非谓经常混谓语句中就一个 /其余动词非谓语常见形式有三种/ving ved 和to do /主宾通常ving /现在分词表主动/过去分词表被动目的要用不定式/改错要想拿高分/语法口诀要记牢第三类 高考英语作文模版名人名言To choose time is to save time .( Francis Bacon , British philosopher )合理安排时间就是节约时间 。( 英国哲学家 培根. F.)对比观点题型（1）要求论述两个对立的观点并给出自己的看法。1有一些人认为。 2另一些人认为。3我的看法。 The topic of -（主题）is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say A is their favorite. They hold their view for the reason of -（支持A的理由一）What is more, -理由二). Moreover, -(理由三). While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. Firstly,-(支持B的理由一). Secondly (besides),-（理由二）. Thirdly (finally),-(理由三). From my point of view, I think -（我的观点）. The reason is that -(原因). As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former is surely a wise choice .（2）给出一个观点，要求考生反对这一观点Some people believe that -（观点一）. For example, they think -（举例说明）And it will bring them -(为他们带来的好处). In my opinion, I never think this reason can be the point. For one thing,-(我不同意该看法的理由一). For another thing, -(反对的理由之二)Form all what I have said, I agree to the thought that -(我对文章所讨论主题的看法)阐述主题题型要求从一句话或一个主题出发，按照提纲的要求进行论述阐述名言或主题所蕴涵的意义分析并举例使其更充实 The good old proverb -（名言或谚语）reminds us that -(释义). Indeed, we can learn many things form it.First of all,-(理由一). For example, -(举例说明). Secondly,-(理由二). Another case is that -(举例说明). Furthermore , -(理由三) In my opinion, -(我的观点). In short, whatever you do, please remember the say-A. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, youll necessarily benefit a lot from it.解决方法题型要求考生列举出解决问题的多种途径问题现状怎样解决(解决方案的优缺点) In recent days, we have to face I problem-A, which is becoming more and more serious. First, -(说明的现状)Second, -(举例进一步说明现状)Confronted with A, we should take a series of effective measures to cope with the situation. For one thing, -(解决方法一). For another -(解决方法二). Finally, -(解决方法三). Personally, I believe that -(我的解决方法). Consequently, Im confident that a bright future is awaiting us because -(带来的好处).说明利弊题型这种题型往往要求先说明一下现状，再对比事物本身的利弊，有时也会单从一个角度（利或弊）出发，最后往往要求考生表明自己的态度（或对事物前景提出预测）说明事物现状事物本身的优缺点（或一方面）你对现状（或前景）的看法 Nowadays many people prefer A because it has a significant role in our daily life. Generally, its advantages can be seen as follows. First -(的优点之一). Besides -（的优点之二）. But every coin has two sides. The negative aspects are also apparent. One of the important disadvantages is that -(的第一个缺点)To make matters worse,-(的第二个缺点) Through the above analysis, I believe that the positive aspects overweigh the negative ones. Therefore, I would like to -(我的看法)(From the comparison between these positive and negative effects of A, we should take it reasonably and do it according to the circumstances we are in. Only by this way, -(对前景的预测)议论文的框架(1)不同观点列举型（选择型）Thereisawidespreadconcernovertheissuethat_作文题目.Butitiswellknownthattheopinionconcerningthishottopicvariesfrompersontoperson.Amajorityofpeoplethinkthat_观点一_.Intheirviewsthereare2factorscontributingtothisattitudeasfollows:inthefirstplace,_原因一_.Furthermore,inthesecondplace,_原因二_.Soitgoeswithoutsayingthat_观点一_.People,however,differintheiropinionsonthismatter.Somepeopleholdtheideathat_观二_.Intheirpointofview,ontheonehand，_原因一_.Ontheotherhand,_原因二_.Therefore,thereisnodoubtthat_观点二_. AsfarasIamconcerned,Ifirmlysupporttheviewthat_观点一或二_.Itisnotonlybecause_,butalsobecause_.Themore_,themore_. （2）利弊型的议论文 Nowadays,thereisawidespreadconcernover(theissuethat)_作文题目_.Infact,therearebothadvantagesanddisadvantagesin_题目议题_.Generallyspeaking,itiswidelybelievedthereareseveralpositiveaspectsasfollows.Firstly,_优点一_.Andsecondly_优点二_. JustAsapopularsayinggoes,everycoinhastwosides,_讨论议题_isnoexception,andinanotherword,itstillhasnegativeaspects.Tobeginwith,_缺点一_.Inaddition,_缺点二_. Tosumup,weshouldtrytobringtheadvantagesof_讨论议题_intofullplay,andreducethedisadvantagestotheminimumatthesametime.Inthatcase,wewilldefinitelymakeabetteruseofthe_讨论议题_.(3)答题性议论文 Currently,thereisawidespreadconcernover(theissuethat)_作文题目_.Itisreallyanimportantconcerntoeveryoneofus.Asaresult,wemustsparenoeffortstotakesomemeasurestosolvethisproblem. Asweknowthattherearemanystepswhichcanbetakentoundothisproblem.Firstofall,_途径一_.Inaddition,anotherwaycontributingtosuccessofthesolvingproblemis_途径二_. Aboveall,tosolvetheproblemof_作文题目_,weshouldfindanumberofvariousways.ButasfarasIamconcerned,Iwouldprefertosolvetheprobleminthisway,thatistosay,_方法_.(4)谚语警句性议论文Itiswellknowtousthattheproverb:_谚语hasaprofoundsignificanceandvaluenotonlyinourjobbutalsoinourstudy.Itmeans_谚语的含义_.Thesayingcanbeillustratedthroughaseriesofexamplesasfollows.(alsotheoretically) Acaseinpointis_例子一_.Therefore,itisgoeswithoutsayingthatitisofgreatofimportancetopracticetheproverb_谚语_. WiththerapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyinChina,anincreasingnumberofpeoplecometorealizethatitisalsoofpracticalusetosticktothesaying:_谚语_.Themoreweareawareofthesignificanceofthisfamoussaying,themorebenefitswewillgetinourdailystudyandjob.图表作文的框架asisshown/indicated/illustratedbythefigure/percentage inthetable(graph/picture/pie/chart),_作文题目的议题_hasbeenonrise/decrease(goesup/increases/drops/decreases),significantly/dramatically/steadilyrising/decreasingfrom_in_to_in_.Fromthesharp/markeddecline/riseinthechart,itgoeswithoutsayingthat_.Thereareatleasttwogoodreasonsaccountingfor_.Ontheonehand,_.Ontheotherhand,_isduetothefactthat_.Inaddition,_isresponsiblefor_.Maybetherearesomeotherreasonstoshow_.Butitisgenerallybelievedthattheabovementionedreasonsarecommonlyconvincing.AsfarasIamconcerned,Iholdthepointofviewthat_.Iamsuremyopinionisbothsoundandwell-grounded.第四类 高考英语作文经典范文 名人名言No one can degrade us except ourselves; that if we are worthy, no influence can defeat us. (B.T.Washington, American educator)除了我们自己以外，没有人能贬低我们。如果我们坚强，就没有什么不良影响能够打败我们。为了大家能更多的得到写作部分的25分，我们特精选了以下范文，希望同学们务必研读背诵！（尤其注意：文中划线部分为该体裁的套话； 黑体部分为写作中的经典表达。）May you succeed in the coming college entrance examination. 参与报社等讨论稿（带手机利弊）Dear Editor:引出话题 Im a senior three student. Im writing to tell you my opinion on whether middle school students can go to school with mobile phones. 赞成I think they can do that. Because students can keep in touch with their friends and family wh