外文翻译--传动轴重要部件及故障诊断排除

附 录 Transmission shaft important components and fault diagnosis ruled out Universal joint is a key component of car transmission. In front of a rear wheel drive car engine, transmission shaft installed in universal output shaft and axles Lord reducer between input shaft； And lead the engine of the car front wheel drive shaft is omitted, gimbal installed in both responsible for driving and be responsible for steering the front axle half shaft between with wheels. Automobile is a movement of the object. On the drive cars, engine, clutch and transmission as a whole, and installed in the frame by frame drive axle of elastic suspension connecting with a distance, both between, need to undertake connection. Auto operation of pavement produces jumpy, rough load variation or two assembly installation position difference, will make the transmission output shaft and axles Lord deceleration . In engine front rear wheel drive (or with all-wheel drive) bus and because cars in athletic process suspension deformation, the drive shaft Lord reducer input shaft and transmission (or FenDongXiang) output shaft often had relative motion between, in addition, in order to effectively avoid some institutions or device (cant achieve linear transmission), must have a device to achieve power, then the normal transmission appeared gimbal transmission. Gimbal transmission must have the following features: A, guaranteed by the relative position between the two axis within the expected changes, can reliably transfer power；B, assure that connects the two axis can even work. Because universal arising from the Angle of additional load, vibration and noise should be in the range of allowable； C, transmission efficiency should be high, long service life, simple structure, easy fabrication, maintenance easy. For car is concerned, due to a cross axis gimbal output shaft relative to the input shaft (have certain Angle) is not constant rotation, therefore, must adopt double gimbal (or more), and the universal shaft driving with two linked to decorate in the same plane cardan, and make two gimbal Angle are equal. It is very important. In the design should minimize the Angle of universal. Auto transmission shaft common fault performance for damage, wear, deformation and lost dynamic balance, resulting in driving car produce abnormal sound and vibration car transmission shaft common faults, these auto transmission shaft common faults will cause serious damage to the relevant components. Vehicle, in starting or urgent acceleration out Gordon sound, but obviously shows part of the desert feeling, pine, if not driving axle gears shaft is loose desert pine desert part. The site is nothing else but loose labels bearing or steel bowl of universals cross with lugs fork, telescopic sets of spline shaft and spline sets. Generally speaking, the shaft with bearing desert trunnion amount shall not exceed spline 0.13 mm, telescopic with spline set of meshing gap should not be more than 0.3 mm. More than use limit shall repair Automobile driving if chassis happen buzz sound, and running speed, the higher the voice is bigger. The auto transmission shaft is usually due to common faults of universals cross axes and bearing wear pine, transmission shaft desert intermediate bearings wear, middle rubber bearing damage or hanger loose, or because the position by fixed hanger wrong. Axle shaft deflection and whether interference occurs. If the car runs with the increased speed, and increase noise with jitter, this car is usually due to transmission shaft common faults caused lose balance. This vibration most obvious in driving indoor feeling. The balabcing dynamic balance shafts should be less than is 100 g. cm. Dynamic balance shafts will lead to failure serious damage to the relevant components. The most common automobile transmission shaft common failures are clutch shell crack and the middle rubber bearing fatigue damage. Among the shaft installed in the maintenance of pylon is very important. If hanger installation location undeserved, can increase working resistance and noise transmission, resulting in bearing early damage. This kind of car transmission shaft common failure probability is very big, then solve the auto transmission shaft common faults in the way is: reinstall hanger, first hanger retaining bolt dont tightened with cars driving wheel apart, hang low ground jack block, slowly rotating shaft and hanger automatic transmission shaft to find are and then the hanger retaining bolt tightened. 传动轴重要部件及故障诊断排除 万向节是汽车传动轴上的关键部件。在前置发动机后轮驱动的车辆上，万向节传动轴安装在变速器 输出轴与驱动桥主减速器输入轴之间；而前置发动机前轮驱动的车辆省略了传动轴，万向节安装在既负责驱动又负责转向的前桥半轴与车轮之间。汽车是一个运动的物体。在后驱动汽车上，发动机、离合器与变速器作为一个整体安装在车架上，而驱动桥通过弹性悬挂与车架连接，两者之间有一个距离，需要进行连接。汽车运行中路面不平产生跳动，负荷变化或者两个总成安装位置差异，都会使得变速器输出轴与驱动桥主减速器输入轴之间的夹角和距离发生变化，因此要用一个“以变应变”的装置来解决这一个问题，因此就有了万向节。 在发动机前置后轮驱动（或全轮驱动） 的汽车上，由于汽车在运动过程中悬架变形，驱动轴主减速器输入轴与变速器（或分动箱）输出轴间经常有相对运动，此外，为有效避开某些机构或装置（无法实现直线传递），必须有一种装置来实现动力的正常传递，于是就出现了万向节传动。万向节传动必须具备以下特点： a 、保证所连接两轴的相对位置在预计范围内变动时，能可靠地传递动力； b 、保证所连接两轴能均匀运转。由于万向节夹角而产生的附加载荷、振动和噪声应在允许范围内； c 、传动效率要高，使用寿命长，结构简单，制造方便，维修容易。对汽车而言，由于一个十字轴万向节的输出轴相对于输 入轴（有一定的夹角）是不等速旋转的，为此必须采用双万向节（或多万向节）传动，并把同传动轴相连的两个万向节叉布置在同一平面，且使两万向节的夹角相等。这一点是十分重要的。在设计时应尽量减小万向节的夹角。 汽车传动轴常见故障表现为传动轴损坏、磨损、变形以及失去动平衡，造成汽车在行驶中产生异响和振动的汽车传动轴常见故障，这些汽车传动轴常见故障严重时会导致相关部件的损坏。汽车行驶中，在起步或急加速时发出“格登”的声响，而且明显表现出机件松旷的感觉，如果不是驱动桥传动齿轮松旷则显然是传动轴机件松旷。松旷的部位不 外乎是万向节十字轴承或钢碗与凸缘叉，伸缩套的花键轴与花键套。一般来讲，十字轴轴径与轴承旷量不应超过0.13mm,伸缩花键轴与花键套啮合间隙不应大于 0.3mm。超过使用极限应当修复或更换。 汽车传动轴常见故障表现为传动轴损坏、磨损、变形以及失去动平衡，造成汽车在行驶中产生异响和振动的汽车传动轴常见故障，这些汽车传动轴常见故障严重时会导致相关部件的损坏。汽车行驶中，在起步或急加速时发出“格登