机械制造工程学外文翻译、中英文翻译、外文文献翻译

1 英文原文 Manufacturing Engineering Multitasking Machining Done-in-one setup makes parts better Hardened gear wheels (RC 62-65) are rough and finish-turned and finish-ground, drilled, threaded, and broached on an EMAG VSC 250 DS machine. Multifunction machine tools have been around long enough in various configurations for manufacturers to appreciate their potential for cost-saving, quality production of parts from miniature connectors to transmission housings for off-highway equipment. Development of true multitasking machines,however, has removed them from the category of special machines. Manufacturers have made them one of the fastest growing categories of CNC machine tools because they improve competitiveness. They offer the flexibility to meet just-in-time delivery of a variety of parts in smaller lot sizes. They consolidate the processes of many machines, improve accuracy, and save time formerly required for multiple setups as work was moved from machine to machine and operation to operation. Finally, they employ resources of people and capital equipment more efficiently, a definite plus that the most astute accountants can appreciate. The most familiar multitasking machines are NC lathes with live tools in the turret, mill-turns, and Swiss turning centers. NC lathes with a Y axis that allows turrets to move from side to side have full milling or drilling capability. They can mill, drill, and machine off the spindle centerline. A B axis allows rotation around the Y axis for drilling at an angle or contour milling. sand dollars to over a million dollars. That hardly qualifies them as commodity machines； yet, increasingly, these multitasking machines form the backbone of advanced machining operations for everyone from contract manufacturers to OEMs. Trends in the design of multitasking machines include packing more punch into a limited and crowded work area with extra slides, more horsepower, even matching sub spindle horsepower to that of the main spindle, putting more driven tools in the cut at the same time, and developing sophisticated software and controls for collision-avoidance, scheduling, and production analysis. For machine tool manufacturers with extensive experience in building CNC lathes and turning centers, developing multitasking machines is a natural next step. Romi Machine Tools Ltd. (Erlanger, KY) developed its multitasking E series turning centers to perform turning, boring, milling, and tapping in one setup in a machine with a compact footprint. The E 320 turning center can be configured with one or two spindles,C axis, live tools, and Y axis 2 for mid to high-volume production. The left spindle features a belt-driven cartridge-style gearless headstock with a high-torque 25 or 35-hp (18.6 or 26.1-kW) GE Fanuc AC spindle motor with a variable speed drive. The right spindle can match the left spindle with a similar 25-hp spindle motor. The slant-bed style E 320 series has a swing of 27.55 (700 mm), a maximum cutting length of 23.62 (600 mm), distance between spindle faces of 41.26 (1048 mm) and a cutting diam of 12.6 (320 mm). The E series includes an E 280 model, which features 15-hp (11.1-kW) spindles, as well as a double-turret, double-spindle E 220 model. pressure coolant, air blast, tool touch probe, and part sensor. The Hardinge-designed and built jaw chuck/collet-ready spindle design permits faster spindle speeds for faster cycle times and maximum part rigidity as parts are gripped close to the spindle bearings, resulting in increased concentricity. When equipped with Hardinges patented HydroGlide hydrostatic linear guideway system, the Quest CNC lathes have the rigidity and precision required for hard turning, as well as the improved crash protection that hydrostatic design offers. The concept of done in one rules today, especially as complex parts can be machined from bar stock or from solid, often eliminating the leadtime and expense involved to design and produce castings and forgings. Manufacturers have been quick to recognize and study their potential for maintaining critical tolerances between features by eliminating multiple setups and the time and accuracy lost moving from operation to operation. At its Technical Center, Caterpillar Inc. (Peoria, IL) works in alliance with its machine tool suppliers to evaluate the potential of equipment and processes that can range from prototype work to production for next-generation Caterpillar equipment, according to Jim Reeb, director of manufacturing research and development. Caterpillar is currently working with Cincinnati Lambs H5 Geminex series machine for machining and turning powertrain components. The H5 Geminex machine is a flexible solution for processing medium-sized and large parts requiring milling and turning in a single setup, combining four and five-axis machining and high-speed turning. Were doing some horizontal types of machining and turning on ductile housings, says Reeb. Well develop the process at the Tech Center and once its worked out, well release the machine to our Decatur, IL facility for installation and production. Early experience with the potential of multitasking machine cells led Sandvik Mining and Construction (Sandviken, Sweden) to move production of its DTH (down-the-hole) rock drilling bits from the low-cost manufacturing environment of Mexico to Sweden in 2001. The DTH rock drilling bits are made from alloy steel forging blanks in 200 different types, of which 15 types are 3 most frequently produced in batches varying from eight to 48. Making the move possible was the performance of a multitasking cell featuring three Nakamura STS-40 super multitasking turning centers with robotic workpiece handling. The cell is able to perform all turning, milling, drilling, and button-hole drilling, including a hardening cycle, of the alloy steel DTH drill bits in five days with 12 operators. The previous conventional method required seven machines and 50 people. Standardizing on the Sandvik Coromant Capto interface and selecting twin-edge tooling with two inserts in each toolholder enable each machine to independently perform complete machining of drill bits. The need to be competitive in its manufacturing processes is no less important to a machine tool builder than it is to its customers. In mid-November 2005, at the unveiling of its latest investment in advanced technology at its headquarters and manufacturing facility in Florence, KY, Brian Papke, president, Mazak Corp. said: It is nae to be committed to manufacturing in the US without a plan to become cost and price competitive. To support production of its Nexus family of machines, many of which have multitasking capabilities, Mazak implemented lean manufacturing practices, including building to market demand rather than forecast and developing modularly assembled systems. A Palletech automation system for done-in-one manufacturing was installed. Production capacity for Nexus machines at its Florence facility has risen to 140 machines per month. - Rotomill MPMC machines can turn, mill (both with B axis and U axis), as well as drill, tap, or hob complex workpieces. - Manufacturing cells at Mazaks Florence facility feature Integrex multitasking machines produced by parent company, Yamazaki Mazak (Oguchi, Japan). Mazak has installed two Integrex-500HS multitasking machines teamed with robots for part loading and material handling within the flex cells. A large Integrex e-1060 V/8 multitasking center is being integrated with an existing HMC FMS to allow more flexibility in processing medium-sized machine components. In its product mix, Mazak numbers 11 different Integrex multitasking models and another 20 models with some degree of multitasking capability. In recognition of the unique challenges in programming and operation of multitasking machines, Mazak has established a Center for Multi-Tasking and Manufacturing Excellence for training customers in all aspects of multitasking machining at its National Technology Center, which was doubled in size. - Workpieces as large as these crankshafts, and larger, are completely machined on WFLs mill-turn centers. - 4 Following introductions in Japan last summer and at EMO 2005, Mori Seiki U.S.A. Inc. (Irving, TX) introduced its new NT Series of integrated mill-turn centers to the North American market in November. The NT Series is said to be the product of a complete rethinking of the design and construction of the multitasking machine with the goal of integrating milling and turning functions completely to deliver the same performance levels achieved by each process on dedicated machines. The NT Series employs both DCG (Driven at the Center of Gravity) technology and the box-in-box construction of its NH Series horizontal machining centers, along with a turret with a built-in milling motor. The NT Series comprises nine models with spindle, lower turret, and no center support options bringing the total number of variations to 66. NT Series machines have a B axis (?120? that uses a direct drive (DD) motor, eliminating backlash and making high-speed rotation possible. Maximum spindle speed is 5000 rpm with a maximum tool spindle speed of 12,000 rpm. The turret with built-in milling motor first introduced with Mori Seikis NL Series of CNC lathes reportedly minimizes heat generation and vibration while eliminating transmission losses. The NL CNC lathes are available in four classes and six specification variations. Some 70% of the NL lathes ordered have been equipped with the multitasking capability of the direct-drive milling motor turret. Mori Seikis MAPPS III control system for fast processing and collision prevention. completely checks for interference in 3-D in real time for spindles, workpieces, soft jaws, tools, holders, and turrets. Component collisions are prevented at all stages from setup to program operation since interference is detected in all automatic and manual modes. General engineering and aerospace contract manufacturers working in difficult-to-machine materials such as titanium, Inconel, and hardened steels are regarded as prime candidates for the M35 and M35-G multitasking models introduced by WFL Millturn Technologies Inc. (Novi, MI) at EMO 2005. The M35 series is the newest and smallest of WFLs product lineup of mill turn centers. The M35 series features a maximum turning diam of 420 mm, workpiece lengths up to 2090 mm, and a total of 92 tools, including the lower turret. WFLs largest mill turns can process workpieces to 6.5-m long, providing multifunctional turning-boring-milling units for complete machining of complex chuck and bar workpieces in one setup. The M35-G delivers high torque and feed forces to get the full potential of tools weighing up to 15 kg and measuring 450-mm long. The 20-kW milling spindle has a maximum torque of 165 Nm above 1100 rpm. Tool change takes place in a fixed and clearly defined position above the left-hand main spindle. The changing device ensures swift replacement and transfer of tools no 5 longer required to the magazine. Tool systems can be HSK-A63, Capto C6, or KM63. To avoid collisions in automatic and manual operation, WFL offers a patented software option called CrashGuard, a real-time software extension of the CNC. Based on an internal 3-D model of the machine, CrashGuard provides realistic modeling of all special functions of the control, such as five-axis interpolation, rotation of coordinates, spline interpolation, and synchronizations, as well as correct and automatic representation of all machine cycles and macros, whether created by the machine manufacturer or the end user. Weing itner Maschinenbau GmbH (Kirchham, Austria) has expanded its Rotomill pick-up whirling/milling machines with the introduction of the Rotomill MPMC (multiproduct machining center). The Rotomill MPMC is equipped with a pick-up, high-power machining head and a five-axis interpolating controller for production of balanced/unbalanced chucking parts and heavy shafts, as well as for box-shaped housing-like components with dimensions up to 1.5-m diam workpiece envelope to 11-m long. Processes such as turning, milling, boring, deep hole drilling, and tapping can be performed on the Rotomill MPMC in a single setup. Virtually any mechanical cutting method can be realized, including turning, milling (both with B and also U axis), as well as drilling, tapping, or hobbing. Applications include production in one setup of extrusion cylinder and feed extruder screws, precision and special tubes for the oilfield industry, large crankshafts, cam shafts, motor housings, aircraft landing gears, and heavy drive shafts for the energy, ship building, and defense industries. Other industries that use the systems include the paper industry, mining, electrical (including turbines), electrical shafts, compressor, and plastics industries. With quality requirements in the mechanical engineering industry and especially the automotive sector becoming increasingly stringent, EMAG LLC (Farmington Hills, MI) has combined hard turning and finish grinding for fast removal of metal and finish machining o f parts. The demand for tighter tolerances and expanded machining capabilities requires the complete machining of components in a single setup. EMAG, which offers workpiece-specific solutions for batch production in the automotive, hydraulics, and pneumatics industries, points to the need for multifunctional machines and dry machining, particularly of hardened workpieces. Reasons include ecology, environmental compatibility, and the rapid rise in waste-disposal costs for cutting oils. EMAG, EMAGs VSC DS turning and grinding centers are being used to machine workpieces, such as transmission parts, gearwheels, sliding sleeves, link pins, components for CVT gearboxes, roller races, rocker arms, bearings, and bearing rings. The combination of grinding and hard turning generates the smallest possible amount of heat on the workpiece surface. Rough hard turning is 6 immediately followed by finish grinding without changing setups. The pick-up concept allows the EMAG VSC DS turning and grinding center to load itself just like all the other VSC machines. The machine benefits from thermal stability, as work spindle, grinding spindles, turret, and machine base are all fluid-cooled. 7 中文翻译 制造工程学 多功能加工中心 一次装夹使加工零件性能更好。在 EMAG VSC 250 铣机床上完成硬齿轮 (RC62-65) 粗铣、精铣、表面精加工、钻孔、和铰孔的加工。 为了在微型接头传动轴承高速设备的生产成本节约，零件的质量中挖掘出他们的潜力，制造商早就在多功能机床上进行了足够的多种配置。尽管如此，随着的真正的多任务处理机器的发展，这些机床已经从特殊机床种类中移除了。 为了提高他们的竞争力，制造商使他们成为在 CNC 机床种类中发展最迅猛的产品之一。他们具有的可变性可满足在各种各样的小型多尺寸零件中的 即时传递。他们强化了许多机械过程，提高了精度，并节省了像以前需要设置多重工作换动机器和运行操作的时间。最终，他们更高效的使用了人类资源和资金设备，让最精明的会计师也倍感欣赏。 这类式多任务处理机床是具有活动转塔式的数控车床，这种数控车床有一个 Y 轴控制转塔往返移动，因而有全功能的钻和磨的能力。它们可以磨，钻，偏移机器主轴中心轴线。在一个角度钻孔和磨轮廓时， A、 B轴可以饶 Y 轴旋转 。 本文所述的机床的价格范围从 10 万美元到 100 多万美元不等。这样价格限定该机床不是属于日常用的普通机器。随着发展，那些多功能机床成为 先进机器的代表产品。制造厂商有越来越多的生产多动能机床的业务。 要获得更大的发展前景，多任务机床的设计趋势包括生产更多的机床向特殊工作领域，还要有更大的马力，并且在从动轴上也装置动力机构从而让力传到主动轴上，配置更多驱动装置能在同一时间工作，还要发展软件和控制结构进行行程和加工分析，避免加工中的撞刀现象出现。 . 机器制造厂商有丰富的经验在制造数控车床和旋转中心方面，因而改进多任务机床是下一步自然趋势。 飞跃机床有限公司开发了自己的多任务 E系列加工中心可以进行钻、镗、磨，并且在机床的一个装置中进 行排屑，而且有紧密的轨迹。 E320 系列的加工中心配置了一个或两个轴， C 轴，刀具库，在加工大体积零件时 Y 轴对刀。左主轴是采用套筒式带传动，主轴箱内齿轮受的扭矩高达 25 或 35-hp（ 18.6 或 26.1-kW）。主轴的电机是通用电器公司生产的无极变速主轴电机。 8 精准的主轴让左主轴配置有将近 25-hp 的主轴电机。斜床式 E320 系列有 27.55 (700毫米 )的摆动，最大切削长度是 23.62 (600 毫米 )，主轴表面的距离是 41.26 (1048 毫米 )，切削直径是 12.6 (320 毫米 ).。 E系列包括 280 型号，配有 15-hp (11.1-kW)的主轴，也有双转塔的、双轴的 E200 型号。 多功能数控车床从哈丁股份有限公司 (艾尔迈拉 ,ny)提供了广泛的选择，包括除了在 y轴 ,现场工装 ,多边形车削，高速主轴。 三从动轴 , 高压制冷剂 ,送风工具 ,触摸探头、部分传感器。 哈挺的设计和爪卡盘 /科莱准备主轴设计允许更快的主轴速度、更快的循环时间和最大部分刚性， 由于零件紧靠近主轴轴承，因而增加了同轴度。当配备哈丁的专利滑动直线导轨系统寻求数控车床有刚性和精度要求进行冷车削，以及改进防撞装置。 围绕 只 做最好 规则的今天 ，特别是复杂的部件 ,可从加工坯料或从固体设计和生产铸锻件。厂商已很快地认识和研究他们的潜能，保持临界公差之间的特点，消除多元格局大量的时间和准确性，节约了从操作到操作的时间 .。 在其技术开发中心，是卡特彼勒 (皮奥里亚， il)工程联盟与机床供应商评估潜在的设备和工艺，可广泛从样机的工作 ,生产的新一代履带式装备。据吉姆雷波主任制造研究和开发，正用辛辛那提兰姆 h5 格明系列机加工及转向总成零件 .。 格明机是一种灵活的机器，用于加工大中型零件。需要铣和车削在一起，让四个五轴加工和高 速车削。 “我们做了一些类式卧式加工来车削球轴承雷波我们将开发过程中的技术中心 ,一旦它的制定 , 我们将会抓住机遇安装伊尔设备安装来生产。” 早期的多功能机电池为首的山特维克矿山工程机械 (桑德维肯， 瑞典 )提出生产的潜 (潜孔 )岩石钻头在低成本的制造环境中，墨西哥瑞典 2001. 送石钻头是由合金钢锻造毛坯有200 个不同类型。 其中有 15 种是最经常使用。 制作此举可能是表现了多元展出三个中心的 STS-40 超级多任务车削中心。 机器人工件装卸 .。系统是能够完成其所有车削 ,铣 ,钻 ,扩孔 ,包括硬化 周期 该合金钢锤钻头 5 天 12 营 . 以前的常规方法需要 7 台机器和 50 名工人 .。规范对山特维克可乐 capto 接口和选拔双边模具两刀片每一刀柄。使每个机器独立地履行完成加工。 要具有竞争力 ,在它的制造过程的机床奖金比是同等重要。 2005 年 11 月中。在其在佛罗伦总部制造最新的先进技术设施的投资揭幕式中。布赖恩帕普克会长马扎克公司说：“这是 na 飗 e 将致力于制造业在美国提高成本和价格竞争力。” 支持小批量生产的核心机器，其中许多多功能能力，马扎克推行精益生产的做法 ,包括建筑市场的需求 ,而不是预测和发展 模块化组装系统。 一调色板自动化系统“做位一体”9 的制造安装 .。生产能力联系机器在其佛罗伦萨的设施 ,现在已上升到 140 机器每月。 旋转机器可以把 5.3726(均带有 B轴和 U 轴 )，以及钻塔、滚刀或复杂的工作。 佛罗伦萨的马扎克的制造集成多功能单元设备特征机器制的母公司。马扎克已经安装了两个 i 集成 -500hs 多功能独自机器与机械零件装物料搬运在屈伸单元。大集成电子1060v/8 多功能中心正结合现有的 FMShmc 有更多的灵活性，加工大中型机械零部件。 业英才培训客户在各方面多为机械加工全国企业技术中心 ,这是一倍。 在其产品组合，马扎克号码 11 个不同集成多功能模范和另外 20 个型号也有某种程度复合加工能力。展现了独特的挑战，在程序和运作多功能机，马扎克已成立一个中心 ,多重任务和制造。 继 2005 年夏天引进于日本的 emo，森精美洛雷萨纳 inc. (欧文 , tx)推出新的 NT系列综合 -铣中心在北美市场的。 NT 系列可说是经过彻底重新设计和制造的。多功能机的目的是结合铣和车削功能，每一过程中完全达到同样性能水平达到的专用仪器 .。