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44页 17000字数+说明书+任务书+开题报告+外文翻译+7张CAD图纸【详情如下】

A0装配图.dwg

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外文翻译--现代工程机械行业的技术进步.doc

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计划周记进度检查表.xls

钻削精密深孔扭振发生装置的设计开题报告.doc

钻削精密深孔扭振发生装置的设计论文.doc

摘要

　　　孔加工是金属切削加工中最常用的加工工艺。据统计,孔加工的金属切除量约占切削加工总金属切除量的1/3,钻头的产量约占刀具总产量的60%。目前用于加工微小孔的工艺方法虽然较多,但应用最广泛、生产实用性最强的仍是采用麻花钻钻削加工。随着对孔加工质量和效率的要求不断提高,传统的钻削工艺已显示出极大的局限性,而近年来迅速发展的振动钻削工艺则日益显示出其独特的优势及广阔的应用前景。本文主要介绍了振动钻削，振动钻削是振动切削的一个分支，它与普通钻削的区别在于钻孔过程中通过振动装置使钻头与工件之间产生可控的相对运动。振动方式主要有三种,即轴向振动、扭转振动和复合振动。

　　　本文讲述了如何匹配加工参数来实现精密深孔的加工，并设计了扭振发生装置，综合分析了振动钻削的工艺效果。低频振动切削技术目前已应用于孔加工(包括钻、扩、铰、锁、攻丝等)和外圆车削加工等领域，解决实际生产中诸如切屑处理、改善切削加工性、提高加工质量、延长刀具寿命等问题，理论上也获得了许多发展。

关键词：麻花钻；振动钻削；振动装置；低频振动

摘要IV

AbstractV

目录VI

1 绪论1

1.1 振动钻削技术的发展历史1

1.2 振动钻削的工艺效果2

1.3 振动钻削的应用前景及前沿课题4

2 振动钻削的原理7

2.1 振动钻削的机理7

2.2 振动钻削系统的稳定性与振幅损失8

2.2.1 振动钻削时的切削力9

2.2.2 振动钻削系统的稳定性10

2.2.3 产生横向摆振与钻杆弯曲振动的原因12

2.2.4 振幅损失13

3 深孔加工的高效解决方案14

3.1 深孔加工14

4 装置设计16

4.1 装置总体方案16

4.2 电机的选择18

4.3 带传动设计20

4.3.1 确定计算功率Pca20

4.3.2 选择带型20

4.3.3 确定带轮的基准直径20

4.3.4 确定中心距a和带的基准长度Ld21

4.3.5 验算主动轮上的包角α121

4.3.6 确定带的根数Z21

4.3.7 确定带的预紧力F022

4.3.8 计算带传动作用在轴上的力（简称压轴力）Fp22

4.3.9 V带轮设计22

4.3.10 V带传动的张紧装置23

4.4 偏心轴及其附件设计.24

4.4.1 轴承的选用26

4.4.2 轴承底座27

4.4.3 端盖和透盖28

4.4.4 偏心销钉29

4.5 主轴及其附件设计29

4.5.1 主轴29

4.5.2 弹性夹头30

4.5.3 轴承的选用31

4.5.4 轴承座32

4.5.5 夹紧螺母32

4.5.6 轴承盖33

4.5.7 摆杆33

4.6 底板设计33

5 致谢35

参考文献36

1 绪论

1.1 振动钻削技术的发展历史

　　　据统计，孔加工是金属切削加工中最重要的工序之一。约占所有金属切削加工工序的 33%。我国每年生产钻头用的高速钢消耗量约占刀具生产中高速钢消耗总量的70%。可见，在机械加工中孔加工占有很重要的地位，尤其是航空、航天、汽车、电子和计算机等行业，孔加工更显示出其得天独厚的地位。例如，一架波音747约有200万个连接孔，机械连接工作量（不包括总装）约占机械加工工作量的20%。

　　　随着现代化进程的不断推进，高科技产品层出不穷，孔加工的数量与日俱增!孔加工的地位也在不断地上升。同时对孔加工质量的要求也越来越高，这无疑给孔加工带来巨大挑战。目前用来加工微小孔的方法很多，但在国内外应用最广泛、生产实用性最强的要数麻花钻的钻削加工。然而!以往的大量实验结果证明，普通钻削很难承担起这一历史使命，非传统的振动钻削新工艺越来越显示出其独特的优势。目前用于加工微小孔的工艺方法虽然较多,但应用最广泛、生产实用性最强的仍是采用麻花钻钻削加工。随着对孔加工质量和效率的要求不断提高,传统的钻削工艺已显示出极大的局限性,而近年来迅速发展的振动钻削工艺则日益显示出其独特的优势及广阔的应用前景。振动钻削是振动切削的一个分支,它与普通钻削的区别在于钻孔过程中通过振动装置使钻头与工件之间产生可控的相对运动。振动方式主要有三种,即轴向振动(振动方向与钻头轴线方向相同)、扭转振动(振动方向与钻头旋转方向相同)和复合振动(轴向振动与扭转振动迭加)。其中,轴向振动易于实现,工艺效果良好,在振动钻削中占主导地位。振动的激励方式主要有超声波振动、机械振动、液压振动和电磁振动。其中,超声波振动的频率通常在以上,所以也称为高频振动钻削;其它三种振动方式的频率一般为几百赫兹,故称为低频振动钻削。振动钻削改变了传统钻削的切削机理。在振动钻削过程中,当主切削刃与工件不分离(不分离型振动钻削)时,切削速度、切削方向等参数产生周期性变化;当主切削刃与工件时切离(分离型振动钻削)时,切削过程变成脉冲式的断续切削。当振动参数(振动频率和振幅)、进给量、主轴转速等选择合理时,可明显提高钻入定位精度及孔的尺寸精度、圆度和表面质量,减小出口毛刺,降低切削力和切削温度,延长钻头寿命。振动钻削良好的工艺效果已引起国内外研究者的普遍关注,自1954年日本宇都宫大学的隈部淳一郎教授提出振动钻削理论以来,各国学者对振动钻削进行了大量理论研究及实验分析,取得了许多有价值的研究成果,其中一些成果已逐步应用于加工领域。2 振动钻削的原理

2.1 振动钻削的机理

振动切削是在普通切削过程中给刀具或工件人为地加上某种有规律的、可控的振动,从而形成在机理上不同于普通切削的切削方法.振动切削按振动频率,可分为高频振动切削超声振动切削和低频振动切削 .实践证明,不论是高频还是低频振动切削,只要振动参数和切削用量选择得当,都能产生普通切削所无法比拟的切削效果,如改善难加工材料的可加工性,可靠地断屑、排屑,显著减小切削力,降低切削温度,降低表面粗糙度,提高切削液的使用效果,从而大大地提高刀具的耐用度.尤其在难加工材料和精密零件的加工中,振动切削已成为一种不可忽视的加工方法.用麻花钻进行振动切削时,振动形式有扭振主切削方向上的振动、轴向振动进给方向上的振动和复合振动同时进行扭振和轴向振动。

钻削精密深孔扭振发生装置的设计.gif

内容简介：: 无锡太湖学院机电系数控专业毕业设计论文任务书一、题目及专题：1、题目钻削精密深孔扭振发生装置的设计 2、专题二、课题来源及选题依据近年来，新型非金属工程材料的应用不断扩展，其中不乏难加工材料，这对振动钻削工艺提出了新的挑战，同时也为展示其优良工艺效果提供了机遇。隈部教授采用超声波扭转振动和低频轴向复合振动钻削工程陶瓷，石川惠一采用单一的低频轴向振动钻削工程陶瓷，均取得了改善加工能力、提高钻头寿命的实验结果。北京航空航天大学陈鼎昌教授和哈尔滨工业大学张其馨先后用超声波振动钻削碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)，不但改善了对硬而韧的碳纤维的切削能力，同时还可抑制钻削中材料的层间剥离。三十多年来，国内外学者对振动钻削作了大量理论与实验研究工作，振动钻削能提高钻孔质量、延长刀具寿命和改善对难加工材料切削能力等优良工艺效果已在机械加工领域得到普遍承认。综观国内外振动钻削的研究现状，目前主要存在以下问题：对振动钻削的理论研究尚不充分，还未形成完整的理论体系，现有理论具有较大局限性，尚需修正和完善，以充分揭示振动钻削的动力学本质；对振动钻削工艺效果的研究大多局限于直径大于1mm的孔径区域，而直径小于0.5mm的微小孔加工条件最为恶劣，且加工数量与日俱增，所以对振动钻削微小孔的研究更具实际意义，需予以更多关注；迄今对振动钻削的研究均属于定参数振动钻削，无法同时满足钻削三区段不同钻削机理的要求，难以达到进一步提高钻孔整体加工水平的要求。因此，三区段变参数振动钻削，特别是对微小孔的三区段变参数振动钻削是在定参数振动钻削基础上的一次飞跃，是具有重要科研及应用价值的研究课题。三、本设计（论文或其他）应达到的要求：熟悉低频振动深孔钻削的发展历程，特别是近十几年来提出的直径小于0.5mm的微小孔加工；熟悉低频振动深孔钻削的工艺效果；熟练掌握低频振动深孔钻削的三种振动方式：轴向振动(振动方向与钻头轴线方向相同)、扭转振动(振动方向与钻头旋转方向相同)和复合振动(轴向振动与扭转振动迭加)；掌握了解针对不同的材料所需要的加工参数；能够熟练使用振动钻削的自动控制系统，实现振动钻削的自动化和智能化。四、接受任务学生：机械91 班姓名刘路路五、开始及完成日期：自2012年11月7日至2013年5月25日六、设计（论文）指导（或顾问）：指导教师签名签名签名教研室主任学科组组长研究所所长签名系主任签名2012年11月7英文原文 Modern construction machinery industry of technical progressLarge-size mechanical mining excavator is used widely in international and domestic engineering construction and mining performance, and its property defines the efficiency much.Now because the international market is opened step step, how to promote the quality of excavator is the key that a factory reinforces its competing force.In our country，the designing elevation and production quality on excavator can not keep up with international advanced technology applying on excavator.Now the advanced technology has already applied advanced designing method on excavator designing，such as electronic simulating theory，dynamic design， reliability design and so on.But in our country ,the most excavator design has still applied the traditional design method ,the modern design method has not began to be actually applied .The prime display is that the capability of self-design is not enough and the basic work has not done perfectly especially the excavator kinetics .The construct of excavator is very complex and the multiple movers often work simultaneously.at the same time its working environment is very bad and the eternal load varies randomly.As a result ,when designing the new product of excavator ,in order to ensure the performance safety，the designer not only has the basic theory analysis on static load computing ,but also do necessary work about the kinetics of mechanism to qualify the dynamic reliability in the period of designing .Trough the kinetic analysis ,the load property of all the elements in excavator can be decided so as to design reliable product .From the 1980s of the 20th century to the beginning of this century. Chinese and foreign engineering machinery technology products come from a maturity period of modernization along with a new technological revolution, Mechanical engineering products integrated technology to a new level. Electronic technology, micro-computer, sensors, electro-hydraulic servo control system integration and transformation of the traditional mechanical engineering products, Computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing and computer-aided management of construction machinery and equipment manufacturing, IT network technology equipment, construction machinery sales and information transfer systems, thus enabling people to see a brand new construction machinery industry. New construction machinery products in the efficiency and operational quality, environmental protection, performance and automation are many areas due to the past. and toward the further robotic and intelligent direction. 1、 operating principles of Innovation : groundbreaking new law with the high-frequency vibration With scientific and technological research in the development, engineering machinery operating theory is constantly innovating. Operating mechanical engineering principles, including the cutting of earth, broken ground on the screen geotextile material, mixed with heating, right mixture of paving, leveling and compaction, etc. These operations Jimmy initially bionics and Newtonian mechanics-based, Modern science and the development of engineering machinery operating principle of laying the foundation for innovation. For example, mechanical vibration and pulse jet, the photoelectric effect and thermal physics, the application of mechanical engineering to save resources and improve the quality of construction improve production efficiency, reliability and driving comfort and a degree of automation to create conditions. Excavators, bulldozers, loaders, and other earthmoving machinery cutting groundbreaking project, we had no struggle milling, high-frequency vibration, Liquid gas jet method and porous ground breaking law. Groundbreaking use of the new operating principle of transformation to a bucket, can loosen the soil excavation for the high-intensity rock, Under normal circumstances can reduce the unit cost of earthwork and improve production efficiency, and the soil near the building when substitute bored-blasting method. Vibratory Roller is a mechanical vibration and have reached a sluggish vibration to operational effectiveness of the most powerful note. High-frequency vibration compaction technology is the application of modern dynamics in the mechanical engineering important research results, In vibratory roller simultaneously with the application of vibration isolation theory. 90s of the 20th century, there have been a level of vibration (vibration) and vertical vibration directional vibration compaction method, and an AM-vibration and different from the harmonic vibration of chaotic vibration vibratory compaction operating principle, and the formation of the corresponding series of vibratory roller. Impact Roller broke the existing traditional cylindrical roller structure, Use 3-5 edge with the pressure roller polygon dragged by a tractor, 2-3 times per second in order to impact on the ground. This has dramatic impact on the seismic wave propagation characteristics, the depth of compaction several times with the RCC and incremental, 5m in the depths of the degree of compaction of up 90%-92%. Impact Roller is static shock, vibration and rub it smashes the comprehensive role for large fill, Collapse dry sand and soil filling the compaction. Asphalt paver Weiping equipment is operating principles of mechanical engineering innovation typical example. Fung plate diesel, liquefied petroleum gas or electric heating and 60 Hz frequency of vibration, and using infrared, ultrasonic or laser leveling, is a multidisciplinary high-tech applications. This leveling the technology can be applied to the ground plane, as amlodipine or fine leveling the slope. Transfer frequency mechanical vibration is also commonly used for drilling, stone crushing and sieving and Shen pulling piling works. The stone drying can use diesel, fuel oil and coal combustion of various fuels on the asphalt from the barrel, heating and asphalt mixture, stirring and insulation process is the full use of thermal theory of physics. Asphalt emulsion and some are modified chemical reaction physical specific application. 2、drive innovation : universal hydraulic and electric drive Hydraulic drive in the 20th century, the 1960s applied to the roller, only 10 years on the time has been spread and popularize. Now roller travel, vibration, steering and braking systems has achieved the full hydraulic drive. Hydraulic drive greatly simplified the roller drive and control system design, hydraulic drive a smooth, convenient manipulation effort, easy to achieve variable speed and automation, in general, improve the production efficiency of roller compaction and quality. Now foreign markets have seen very little mechanical transmission of the roller.Hydrostatic drive technology in the 1970s began to use bulldozers, and will soon be extended to a number of small and medium bulldozers and loaders, the United States John Deere, Caterpillar, Germany Bohai benefit companies and Dole produced by Komatsu of Japan has production and sales pushed Temple hydraulic machines and loaders. Hydrostatic drive not to use hydraulic torque converter, which dispense with the left lane and brake parts and mechanical drive, use of a safety valve on mechanical and hydraulic systems overload protection, and the index of smaller power play biggest index, its remaining power available in the auxiliary machinery operation. German company Deutsche mark and Lee Bohai Fall of other public companies in 1954 and in 1955 took the lead in developing a hydraulic excavator , but the hydrostatic transmission in large excavator is the popularization and application of the 1970s. Since the early 1980s, excavators and subdivided, is gradually realized - powered, rotary and the hydraulic excavator of. In the international market excavators, were all eliminated various mechanical drive. Late history of the birth of the road is more mechanical hydraulic drive-based, such as paver, soil stabilizer, Pavement milling machine, hydraulic transmission smoothness help improve the quality of the roads paved. Drilling in the car and drilling machines, hydraulic transmission has replaced the previous aerodynamic, Wheeled modern cranes and machinery also piling work to the whole in the direction of hydraulic development. Electricity in industrial production while the application has a long history, but in mobile machinery is seldom used. This is because, firstly, to the motor capacity of, a motor with the same power as compared to the hydraulic motor, its weight and bulk to good times, to the machinery space layout brought great difficulties. In addition, the efficiency of electrical transmission over low efficiency and consumption of a large volume of non-ferrous metals. But electric drive can be well realized variable speed, braking and electrical power streaming - Drive more convenient and easy to large tub, large excavator and large loaders, engine-generator-electric wheels will transfer power. Germany Vogele also been developed for electric power will transfer wheel. Germany Vogele also been developed electric drive an asphalt paver, the aircrafts systems are all rotary motor driven electricity, Only Hopper CDCC and comfort slab leveling tank still use hydraulic transmission. The other is the regional mobile operations in the smaller mining site, the use of electric drive large excavator loaders, Such use of electric drive power transmission cables without the engine installed on the machines.3、ergonomic innovations : a people-oriented and simplified operation 1980s of the 20th century, Many of the worlds largest engineering machinery manufacturing company has invested considerable human and financial resources for modern design methodology of the research and used. Ergonomics is a people-oriented design, with emphasis on the machines mutual coordination and crew safety, driving comfort, convenience in the drivers operation and maintenance technologies, such drivers both improved working conditions, and increased production efficiency, and some of the engineering machinery vibration, noise, emissions and the prevention of roller drop from the development of the new standard, and even those laws. Now all kinds of projects are mechanical design roller defense and falling-object protective devices to protect the personal safety of the drivers, with the cab and are designed and installed. Indoor driving sufficient human space and broad vision, and to take the necessary seals, vibration, noise and temperature control measures. Indoor chairs, pieces of the stick, gauges and the monitor according to ergonomics and design and minimize the manipulation and control of parts. To reduce driver fatigue, to choose the suspension damping chairs, and to develop a gas-liquid system hanging with the cab floor. Electronic technology, mechanical engineering applications, which greatly simplifies the drivers operational procedures and to the machines technical performance. The use of electronic control machine can automatically choose the mode of operation, such as excavators to the three operating modes - boom priority, Rotary priorities and micro-adjustment tandem wheels all vibration and vibration. Electronic monitoring can detect and remove machines system failures, such as engine oil pressure loss. Fan fracture belt drive, hydraulic oil contamination or overheating and oil filter blockage, can promptly lights or audible alarm, by the use of electronic sensor device can handle automatic detection machines quality of the work, If random vibration testing of the degree of compaction roller, automatic detection and adjustment of the asphalt mixture ratio and size distribution outlet temperature.American muffler technology company developed an electronic silencer, electronic equipment engine exhaust noise analysis of the wave structure, and produce a phase difference of 180 with the acoustic interference, This anti-noise and the engine exhaust noise offset, which over the purpose of the muffler. Such a muffler - can be used to eliminate the basic engine noise and the noise indoor driving. Muffler and isolation through the engineering machinery driving indoor noise can be reduced to 70dB (A) below.In addition, by concentrating on lubrication, automatic lubrication and fault alarm, greatly reducing the engineering and mechanical maintenance workload. Dreiser companies axis articulated loader lubrication cycle extended to 2000h. oil and filter replacement cycle extended to 250h; Caterpillar loader routine maintenance to shorten the time 3.45min. 100 hours use of the technical maintenance for only 6-7min. 4、Creative : industrial design with the environment Modern science and technology of high-speed development, promoting social progress, for humanity to a high degree of material civilization and spiritual civilization. Industrial design is the product of industrial product design, product also known as the art form. Mechanical Products art forms should be able to demonstrate its function in a rational and external quality of uniformity, the product should reflect the advanced technology and meet the aesthetic requirements of modernity. For mechanical engineering, said it was a Paper goods sold, That is an exaggeration, but not to modeling design is certainly not desirable. Modeling the mechanical engineering design of the machine can shape their structure, function and use requirements, paying and with the psychological and physical coordination. This modeling design should include ministries of proper body fluid, color coordination, Instrumentation layout beautiful and easy to operate and intuitive sign in the trademark symbol. Now the worlds major companies have attached great importance to the products of industrial design, and a specialized research and design. A world leader left the compactor manufacturers - BMW, his third of the mechanical compaction machine modeling experts from the industrial design Louis.L.lepoix design, have a good overall result. The series dismounting replacement filter, transmission pieces, hoses and routine maintenance is very convenient. Adopt modern arc-shaped dip in the cab and the engine hood broadminded, fluent lines, with the flavor of the times. Driving the steering wheel height and angle adjustable, choose a comfortable high back seats adjustable damping. Drivers prepare for a good operating environment. Instrumentation site design, easier to observe and control, tilt hood of the driver to provide a good perspective. Hydraulic steering gear shifted to the cab, driving to reduce indoor heat and noise. Arc-shaped windscreen of the cab and four SUPPORT able to isolate noise and vibration. indoor noise below 70dB (A). Many other engineering machinery are also different degrees of emphasis on industrial design, layout components such as depression, to reduce the center of gravity of the aircraft; Supporting appropriate to expand the area to increase the machines stability; about as symmetrical layout, to meet the aesthetic; Appearance removed some of the corner, the edge, to show the fluency, and other lines. Construction Machinery paint more of its industrial design is an important part of the unit should be interesting colors, increase the safety of the working environment, and with the field construction site is pure green fields, coordination, Topping the use of the waist line and increase the level to get off the color machines can increase the concentration of visual stability.5、artificial intelligence Innovation : intelligent robotic machines Mechanical engineering in the construction field instead of the manual to expand the functions of the hands and feet, traditional machinery can be resolved in good physical and physiological burden, not to mention the relief of spiritual and psychological burden. Modern engineering machinery should be given its soulful, intelligent engineering machinery is a thinking mind (microcomputer) sensorium (sensors), neural network (electronic transmission). Derrnatopathy (power and transmission), and hand, foot bones (work with devices running) for telecommunications systems integration. Machine is not electromechanical integration of telecommunications and information technology with a simple, it poses the system must have five functions : detection and identification with the objects of their work and working conditions of the function; goal with under their own decision-making function; have to respond to the decision-making, implementation support movement functions; with automated monitoring and self-revision process functions; z own self-protection and security troubleshooting functions. This is the Intelligent Engineering Machinery some specific goals. In mechanical engineering intelligent process, from beginning to end, filled with self-learning technology and the use of adaptive technology. Now for the integration of telecommunications technology for the engine and hydraulic system and electrical system of full control machines are being given various feelings and wisdom. In the process with the state of real-time monitoring on the basis of mechanical engineering from the partial automation of the transition to full automation, and toward unmanned remote control and the trend of development. With the intervention of artificial intelligence, engineering machinery will accelerate its modern fast process, Gradual transition to a fully operational wisdom of the target robot. At that time, some new robotic operating procedures will come into being. 中文译文现代工程机械行业的技术进步大型机械式挖掘机在目前国际国内在矿山开采及工程施工中有着广泛的应用，其性能的优劣对生产率有很大的影响.在国际市场竟争日趋激烈的今天，如何提高产品的质量是提高其市场竞争力的关键。目前，我国的大型机械式挖掘机在设计水平，设计手段及产品质量上与国外同类产品相比尚有较大差距.国外已经将人一机一环境作为一个系统统一考虑，提倡低振动、低噪音的绿色设计，将现代设计方法(电子模拟理论、动态设计、可靠性设计等)普遍地应用于挖掘机设计，使产品设计现代化，性能可靠。而我国仍然主要采用传统的仿型设计，而近年来才将现代设计方法逐步应用到挖掘机的设计上，但在这方面工作开展的不得力，主要表现在自行设计开发能力不够，基础工作做得不完善，尤其在挖掘机动力学方面。挖掘机结构非常复杂，往往是多发动机同时驱动，同时工作环境恶劣，外载荷成随机性变化，因此在设计大型矿用挖掘机的新产品时，为了使其作业安全，工作顺畅，除必要的理论分析和静强度计算外，还必须要进行动力学分析和计算，以在设计之初保证机械的动强度和可靠性。在进行这种分析时，土壤的力学特性必须考虑，而且是重要因素。通过进行动力学研究，才能确定挖掘机各部件的载荷特性，设计出质量可靠的产品。从20世纪80年代到本世纪初，中外工程机械产品技术已从一个成熟期走到了现代化时期伴随着一场新的技术革命，工程机械产品的综合技术水平跃上了一个新的台阶。电子技术、微电脑、传感器、电液伺服与控制系统集成化改造了传统的工程机械产品，计算机辅助设计、辅助制造及辅助管理装备了工程机械制造业，IT网络技术也装备了工程机械的销售与信息传递系统，从而让人们看到了一个全新的工程机械行业。新的工程机械产品在工作效率、作业质量、环境保护、操作性能及自动化程度诸多方面都是以往所不可比拟的，并且在向着进一步的智能化和机器人化方向迈进。1、作业原理创新：新法破土与高频振动随着科学技术研究水平的不断发展，工程机械的作业理论也在不断地创新。工程机械的作业原理包括对土石方的切割、破碎、回填，对土工材料的筛分、混合与加热，对混合料的摊铺、找平与压实等。这些作业理原先是以仿生学与牛顿力学为基础的，而近现代科学的发展为工程机械作业原理的创新奠定了基础。例如机械振动、脉冲、射流、光电效应及热物理学的应用，为工程机械节省资源，改善施工质量、提高生产效率、工作可靠性、驾驶舒适性与自动化程度创造了条件。挖掘机、推土机、装载机等土方工程机械切割破土，现在有了无斗铣切法、高频振动法、液气射流法及微孔破土法。使用新的破土作业原理改造的铲斗、松土器可以开挖高强度的岩土，在一般情况下都可以降低单位土方费用与提高生产效率，并且在靠近建筑物挖土时可代替钻孔爆破法施工。振动压路机是利用机械振动而又要达成“振地不振人”作业效果的最有力说明。高频振动压实技术的应用是近代动力学在工程机械上的重要科研成果，在振动压路机上同时应用了振动与隔振理论。20世纪90年代以来，出现了水平振动（振荡）与垂直振动的定向振动压实方法，以及无级调幅振动和不同于简谐振动的混沌振动等振动压实作业原理，并且形成了相应系列的振动压路机。冲击式压路机打破了原有传统的圆柱形滚轮结构，使用具有3-5个边的多边形压滚由牵引车拖行，以每秒2-3次顺序地冲击地面。这种剧烈冲击具有地震波的传播特性，其压实深度随碾压遍数而递增，在5m深处的压实度可达90%-92%。冲击压路机具有静压冲击、振动捣实与揉搓的综合作用，适合大型填方、塌陷土壤和干砂填筑工程的压实。沥青混凝土摊铺机慰平工作装置更是工程机械作业原理创新的典型例子。慰平板使用柴油、液化气或电加热和72Hz的调频振动，并采用红外线、激光或超声波找平，是多学科高新技术的应用。这其中的找平技术也可以应用到平地机上，作为地平或坡面的精细找平。调频率机械振动还通常用于凿岩、石料破碎与筛分及沉拔桩等工程施工。石料的烘干可以使用柴油、重油和煤粉多种燃料的燃烧器，沥青的脱桶、加热及沥青混合料的搅拌与保温过程中都充分运用了热物理学原理。沥青的乳化与改性都是一些化学物理反应的具体应用。2、传动方式创新：普及液压与电气传动液压传动在20世纪60年代开始应用到了压路机上，只十多年的时间就得到了推广和普及。现在压路机的行走、振动、转向及制动等系统已实现了全液压传动。液压传动大大简化了压路机传动与操纵系统的设计，液压传动平稳、操纵方便省力、容易实现无级调速和自动控制、从总体上提高了压路机的生产效率与压实质量。现在国外市场上已经很少见到机械传动的压路机了。静液压传动技术于70年代开始应用到了推土机上，并且很快推广到了一些中小型推土机和装载机上，美国约翰迪尔公司、卡特彼勒公司、德国利渤海尔公司及日本小松制作所都生产和销售全液压推寺机与装载机。静液压传动不使用液力变矩器，还省去了离且器与行车制动器及部分机械传动机构，能利用安全阀对机械和液压系统实现过载保护，并以较小的索引功率发挥最大的索引力，其剩余的功率可用在机器的辅助操作上。德国的德马克公司和利渤海尔公司公别于1954年和1955年率先开发了全液压挖掘机，但静液压传动在挖掘机上大量的推广应用也是在70年代。自80年代初以来，挖掘机从大到小正逐步实现了驱动行走、回转与挖掘机的全液压化。在国际市场上的挖掘机，已全部淘汰了各种机械传动机构。诞生历史比较晚的路面机械更是以全液压传动为主，如摊铺机、稳定土拌和机、路面铣刨机等，液压传动的平稳性有助于提高路面的铺筑质量。在凿岩台车和凿岩机上，液压传动已取代了以往的气动，现代轮式起重机和桩工机械也工向全液压化的方向发展。电力在工业生产中的应用虽然已有很长的历史了，但在移动式机械上使用尚不多见。这首先是因为电动机的能容量小，一台电动机与同功率的液压马达相比，其重量和体积要大好多倍，这给机器的空间布置带来了很大困难。另外，电气传动的效率比效低，而消耗有色金属量大。但电气传动能很好地实现无级调速、电气制动和功率分流，电传动更方便和易于大型矿车、大型挖掘机和大型装载机上，以发动机发电机电动车轮传递行驶动力。德国福格勒公司还试制了电动车轮传递行驶

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