HSE-常识手册GWDC中英文对照.doc

Abstract提要With the rapid development of GWDC Drilling Branchs overseas market and business, more and more new employees are getting to be engaged with international drilling activities who know little about HSE or even never get in touch with HSE basic knowledge before they enter into GWDC. As the consistent recognition and acknowledgement of all of us, GWDC, being an IADC important member, always pay extreme emphasis to its HSE performance and HSE training to its Chinese and overseas staff.随着长城公司钻井分公司海外市场和业务的迅速发展，越来越多的新员工在加入长城公司时，对从事国际钻井作业相关的 HSE 知识了解甚少，甚至从未接触。随着长城公司的声誉不断扩大，并且作为国际钻井承包商协会的重要成员，长城公司对公司旗下中国员工和海外员工 HSE 实践和 HSE 培训格外重视。On the basis of being brief, easily-understandable, effective and capable of self-teaching, this manual aims at these new employees with the purpose of helping them to grasp HSE fundamental idea and being equipped with HSE common practices in order to meet HSE requirement from GWDC clients. It is a supplement to GWDC HSE Procedure Manual and Operation Manual. Those two manuals cover the other HSE documents and information whereas not being introduced in this manual. 本着简明、易懂、实用和便于自学的原则，这本手册针对那些新员工，帮助他们领会HSE 的基本要点，掌握 HSE 一般实践内容， 从而满足长城公司客户的要求。本手册还是对长城公司已有的 HSE 实用手册的补充。前面已有的两本 HSE 手册涉及的内容，本手册不再介绍。SECTION ONE HEALTH SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMS第一部分：健康、安全与环境方案1.0 HSE Meetings HSE 会议1.1 Safety Inspections and Logbooks 安全检查与记录1.2 Job Safety Analysis 岗位风险识别1.3 Incident Investigation 事故调查1.4 Visitor / Service Personnel Orientation 外来人员指导培训SECTION TWO GENERAL GUIDELINES AND HEALTH CONTROL第二部分： 一般指导和健康预防2.0 General Housekeeping 物品摆放一般要求2.1 Sanitation 卫生2.2 Personal Hygiene 个人卫生2.3 Drugs 毒品和药品 2.4 Fitness for Duty 岗位对健康的要求2.5 Smoking 吸烟 2.6 Horseplay 打斗、玩耍与开玩笑2.7 Proper Lifting Techniques 拿举重物技巧 2.8 Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) 遭遇天然放射性物质2.9 Heat Stress and Heat Related Conditions 受热和与高温环境SECTION THREE EQUIPMENT SAFETY第三部分： 设备安全3.0 Electrical Equipment 电气设备3.1 Control of Hazardous Energy Lockout / Tag-out 危险源的控制 锁死（安全保险） / 警示标志3.2 Hand Tools 各种手用工具3.3 Drill Pipe / Collar Slips and Elevators 钻杆 / 钻铤卡瓦和吊卡3.4 Hoists (Winches / Tuggers) 提升设备（各种绞车 / 各种卷扬机 ）3.5 Pipe Tongs and Lines 管钳和绳索3.6 Rotary Table Area 转盘区域3.7 Equipment Guarding 设备防护3.8 Derricks and Masts 井架（塔形井架与 A 形井架）3.9 Pipe Racks and Bins 管子架和储存盒3.10 Derrickmans Escape Device 井架工逃生装置3.11 Drilling Line, Crown Block and Traveling Block 大绳、天车和游车3.12 Drawworks, Brakes, Clutches 绞车、刹车、离合器3.13 Mud Pumps and Equipment 泥浆泵与设备3.14 Mud Pits and Equipment 泥浆池与设备3.15 High-Pressure Lines and Fittings 高压管汇与配件3.16 Engines 动力设备3.17 Air-Operated Equipment 气动气控设备3.18 Blowout Prevention Equipment 防喷器设备3.19 BOP Accumulators, Pulsation and Suction Dampeners 防喷器蓄能器、蓄能器胶囊（空气包）3.20 Stabbing Board （套管）扶正对扣台3.21 Handling Tubulars 操作各种管子SECTION FOUR FIRE PREVENTION, FIRE FIGHTING AND FIRE CONTROL第四部分：火灾预防、灭火和控制4.0 Fire Prevention 火灾预防4.1 Fire Protection 火灾预防4.2 Fire Control 火灾控制SECTION FIVE WELDING, CUTTING AND COMPRESSED GAS & OXYGEN CYLINDERS第五部分：焊接、切割和压缩空气 / 氧气瓶5.0 General Precautions Welding, Cutting and Other Spark/Flame Producing Operations一般预防：电焊、气焊切割、其它遭遇火花/火焰的作业5.1 Protective Equipment 预防设备5.2 Preparatory Precautions 事先预防：提示警告5.3 Specific Precautions Arc Welding 特殊提示：电弧焊5.4 Specific Precautions Gas Welding and Burning 特殊提示：气焊与燃烧5.5 Compressed Gas and Oxygen Cylinders Storage 压缩空气瓶和氧气瓶：存放5.6 Cylinder Handling 气瓶搬运与安放5.7 Cylinder Usage 气瓶使用SECTION SIX FLEET SAFETY第六部分：机动车辆驾驶安全6.0 General Rules 一般规则6.1 Safe Driving Concepts for Accident Prevention 事故预防、安全驾驶原则SECTION SEVEN CRANE OPERATIONS第七部分：吊车作业7.0 General Operation Requirements 一般操作要求7.1 Slings and Shackles 吊索 和 各种钩环 7.2 Standard Hand Signals for Crane Operations 起吊作业时使用的标准手势信号SECTION EIGHT FORKLIFT OPERATIONS第八部分：叉车操作8.0 General Operation Requirements一般操作要求8.1 General Training Requirements一般培训要求SECTION NINE CONFINED SPACE ENTRY GUIDELINES第九部分：进入危险区域指导9.0 Procedures 步骤9.1 Entry 进入危险区域9.2 Exit 退出危险区域SECTION TEN HYDROGEN SULFIDE第十部分：硫化氢10.0 Properties of H2S 硫化氢的特点10.1 H2S Exposure Limits 接触硫化氢的极限指标10.2 Rescue/First Aid Procedures Hydrogen Sulfide 遭遇硫化氢后 抢救/急救步骤 10.3 Detection 硫化氢检测10.4 Breathing Equipment (SCBA) 呼吸设备(自给式呼吸器)SECTION ELEVEN PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT第十一部分：环境保护11.0 Spills Prevention and Control 泄漏的预防与控制11.1 Drilling Site Environmental Considerations 钻井井场环境保护要考虑的因素11.2 Material Storage 各种材料的存放11.3 Waste Management 废物的管理11.4 Camp Expectations 营地的管理SECTION TWELVE EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN(S)第十二部分：各种紧急预案12.0 Medical Emergency Action Plan 医疗紧急预案12.1 Media Crisis Communication 媒体危机时的沟通交流12.2 Emergency First Aid 紧急急救12.3 Emergency Procedure on Blow-out 井喷时的紧急预案12.4 Emergency Procedure Against H2S 遭遇硫化氢时的紧急预案12.5 Emergency plan against fire扑灭火灾时的紧急预案SECTION THIRTEEN DROPPED OBJECT PREVENTION第十三部分：预防落物13.0 Equipment Inventory 设备清单13.1 Derrick/Mast Equipment Guidelines 井架设备安全指导SECTION FOURTEEN AIR AND GAS DRILLING第十四部分：空气钻井SECTION FIFTEEN PERSONNEL HOISTING OPERATIONS第十五部分：起吊人员作业15.0 General 一般要求15.1 Job Safety Analysis / Pre-Job Checklist 岗位风险识别 / 上岗前检查内容表15.2 Pre-Job Safety Meeting 上岗前安全会议15.3 Personnel Lifting Operations 起吊人员操作15.4 Winch Operator(s) 绞车操作人员SECTION SIXTEEN FALL PROTECTION第十六部分：预防坠落16.0 General Fall Prevention 坠落的一般预防16.1 Key Requirements for Fall Arrest Systems对坠落预防设施的要求重点16.2 Work at a Height 高空作业16.3 Fall Restraint System and Equipment 预防坠落设施SECTION SEVENTEEN RIG PERSONNEL OBLIGATIONS第十七部分：井队人员职责17.0 rig manager obligations 平台经理职责17.1 toolpusher obligations 队长职责职责17.2 camp manager obligations 营地经理职责17.3 mechanical engineer obligations 机械工程师职责17.4 electric engineer obligations 电气工程师职责17.5 driller obligations 司钻职责17.6 assistant driller obligations 副司钻职责17.7 derrickman obligations 井架工职责17.8 floorman obligations钻工职责17.9 roustabout obligations场地工职责17.10 mudman obligations泥浆工职责17.11 motorman obligations机工职责17.12 welder obligations电焊工职责17.13 cleaner obligations清洁工职责17.14 laundryman obligations洗衣工职责17.15 cook obligations厨师职责17.16 security guard obligations安全保卫人员职责17.17 radio operator obligations无线电操作员职责17.18 rig nurse obligation井队医护人员职责17.19 driver obligations司机职责17.20 crane operator obligations 吊车司机职责SECTION ONE HEALTH SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT PROGRAMS第一部分：健康、安全与环境方案1.0 HSE Meetings HSE 会议One of the most important parts of any companys Health Safety and Environment Programshould be regular HSE meetings. Safety meeting should include:对于任何公司的HSE方案而言，定期的HSE会议是非常重要的，安全会议应该包括： A. Weekly Safety Meeting Report 周安全会议记录 B. Information from equipment manufacturers 设备生产产家提供的情况 C. Information from the well operator 井上操作人员提供的情况D. Recent company communications 最近公司交流讨论的情况E. Recent incident investigations, their causes, and corrections 最近的安全事故调查，它们的发生原因和整改措施F. Safety equipment operating procedures 设备安全操作步骤G. Employee suggestions 来自员工的建议H. Job Safety Analysis (JSA) Program 岗位风险识别方案I. IADC HSE Committee Safety Alerts 国际钻井承包商协会 HSE 协会的安全提示1.1 Safety Inspections and Logbooks 安全检查与纪录Regular inspections should be made to determine if the equipment is safe to operate. Although a supervisor or other designated company representative should perform inspections, all employees are responsible to report any unsafe conditions they observe. The rig should be inspected from every viewpoint. Unsafe conditions and acts should be reported to the supervisor.定期检查设备的安全使用情况，虽然监督和其有关人员会检查，但是所有的员工有义务通报他们看到的不安全隐患。全面检查钻机设备，有不安全的情况和操作随时通报监督。1.2 Job Safety Analysis 岗位风险识别The Rig Manager (Tool pusher) will have the primary responsibility for training and/or retraining rig crews in the following processes:平台经理（队长）在对井队员工培训和指导上，负有主要责任1. Job selection 岗位选择2. Hazard identification 危险识别3. Safe job procedures 安全作业步骤4. Documentation on the JSA form 岗位风险识别相关材料A. All injuries, no matter how minor, should be reported immediately to the supervisor and treated.所有的损伤，无论多轻，都应该及时通报监督并及时治疗。B. All injuries, which occur during the course of employment, must be reported on the appropriate Incident/Injury form.在本公司就职期间，所有的损伤，都应该在事故和损伤表格中记录。C. The employer should contact the appropriate agencies to ensure that all regulatory reports are completed and submitted.公司有关领导应该及时和有关部门联系，确保完成定期的报告，并及时送达。1.3 Incident Investigation 事故调查Incident investigations should be conducted ASAP after the incident occurs. Factsare clearer, more details remembered, and the conditions are nearest those at the time of the incident. The incident investigation may be conducted in the following manner:事故一旦发生，就必须尽快分析调查。事实尽量清晰，细节尽量详实。与事故相关的各种情况都要分析到。事故分析应该按下面的方式进行：A. Interview the worker(s) who had the incident, medical considerations permitting.如果医疗条件允许，应该与事故有关人员见面。B. Interview all the witnesses and other personnel who may have been involved in the incident.与事故目击者和其他有关人员见面。C. E. Review the JSA for the task involved in the incident (if applicable).重新论证酿成事故岗位，回顾其岗位风险识别（如果可行的话）D. F. Review maintenance or manufacturers records for the equipment involved (if applicable).重新检查相关设备的维护纪录或者制造纪录（如果可行的话）E. G. Determine the facts, based on all information gathered.根据收集到的情况，确定事实真相F. H. Document names and addresses of all witnesses, personnel who did not witness the incident,纪录目击者的姓名和地址，记录那些没有目击事故的人员G. but may have knowledge that is pertinent to the investigation, and other personnel on location这些人员与事故的调查也相关，以及现场的其他人员。H. who did not witness the incident.谁还没有目击（看到）事故I. Determine how the incident happened.确定事故是如何发生的J. Document the facts of the investigation.纪录分析调查的细节与事实K. Develop an action plan to prevent the incident from occurring again, 拿出防止类似事故再发生的行动方案L. Share the results of the investigation and action plan with other personnel in the company so that they are aware of what happened and can take efforts to avoid a similar situation on their rig.将调查结果和措施方案通报公司其他人员，这样他们对事故也能认识，并且采取措施避免类似事故的发生。1.4 Visitor / Service Personnel Orientation 外来人员指导培训Visitors and service personnel who are new to the location should be met upon arrival, given an orientation immediately and be assigned muster stations .外来人员和外来服务人员初次来到井场，必须立即对这些人员进行指导和培训。SECTION TWO GENERAL GUIDELINES AND HEALTH CONTROL第二部分 一般要指导和健康预防2.0 General Housekeeping 物品摆放一般要求A. Good housekeeping, cleanliness and order are first steps in safety. 工作现场房间干净，整齐有序是安全的第一步。B. All walkways and steps, rig floors etc., should be kept clear of tools, trash, boards, barrels, hoses and slipping hazards such as oil or grease.所有的步行通道，梯子和钻台等活动区域，不能有各种工具、废物、挡板、桶、软管以及容易让人滑倒的油脂等。C Each work area should have a storage space or locker for tools and equipment used in that area. Rig floors should have a tool board or locker for hand tools and good storage racks for subs and other rig floor equipment.每一个工作区域，都应该有储存或者固定该地点常用工具的地方。钻台上应该有存放和固定各种工具、各种接头和其它常用设备的地点。D. To protect slings, shackles, pipe hooks, etc., each rig should have a storage locker. Boards used on pipe or casing racks should be neatly stored.为了保管各种绳索、钩环、管子钩等，每一台钻机都应该配备专用存放箱，管子上使用的各种挡板，套管上使用的托架等必须洁净后存放。E. Workshops should have proper storage areas for tools and equipment. All tools and equipment should be cleaned, inspected for damage, repaired if necessary and stored in the proper place after use.工房内必须有妥当的区域来存放工具和设备。所有的工具和设备应该保持干净，经常检查其破损情况，必要时维修，使用后放在适当位置。F. Trash and disposal containers should be placed in different areas around the rig. 垃圾箱和废物箱必须安置在钻机周围不同的区域。G. Combustible materials such as oil, oil filters or oily rags should be kept in cans designed specifically for such materials.易燃材料比如:油品、滤油纸、带油抹布必须放置在专用容器内。H Guardrails or other suitable means should properly guard all temporary or permanent openings in the floor.钻台上的孔洞必须有护栏或其它设施来临时或者永久遮挡。I. Drilling fluid should be cleaned off of the rig floor after making a connection and regularly during trips, or as quickly as the operation allows.在起下钻和接单根作业完毕后，钻台上的泥浆要及时清理干净。J Masts/derricks should be kept free of loose items such as tools, shackles, etc. Any item used above a work area should be secured to prevent it from falling. 井架上避免摆放没有固定的各种工具、链钳等，工作区域上方的任何物品，必须安全固定，避免坠落。K Spills from sack or bulk chemicals should be cleaned up as soon as possible.袋装或者散装各种处理剂一旦散漏，必须立即清理。L All rig waste should be disposed of in a proper manner. Non-deteriorating waste such as plastic bags, wrappers, wood, etc., may require special disposal procedures. 所有的井场废物废料都必须妥善处理，一些不容易处理的材料塑料袋、包装袋、废木料等需要经过专门的处理。M. Mix only enough paint to accomplish the task at hand.当需要使用油漆时，要估算好需要的量。N Dispose of paint and thinner properly. Do not mix with other waste.妥善处理油漆和稀释剂，不要与其废料混合。O Scrap metal should be kept separate from all other waste (hot metal could cause a fire if mixed with other waste).废金属料应该与其它废料分开（因为与其它废料混合容易引发火灾）。2.1 Sanitation 卫生A. Galley personnel (personnel preparing food) should wear clean clothes and other proper attire, including shoes. A hat or hair net should be worn at all times by galley personnel while preparing meals.厨房工作人员（准备食品人员）应该服装干净，穿着得体，包括鞋。在准备食品时，厨房工作人员应该带帽子或者将头发罩住。B. Galley personnel should keep all abrasions or cuts covered with a clean dressing.厨房工作人员必须将清洗或者切过的食品用干净物品覆盖。C. Hand cleanliness is essential for galley personnel. Keep fingernails trimmed and hands clean. 厨房工作人员必须注意手上卫生，经常修理手指甲，保持手干净。D. Galley personnel should be in good health.厨房工作人员必须身体健康。E. Smoking and use of tobacco should be allowed only in designated areas.在指定区域吸烟。F. Leftover food should be covered, dated and properly stored at the appropriate temperature.剩下的食品必须遮盖，注明日期，在适宜的温度下存放。G. Careful attention should be made to the expiration date.注意食品的有效期。H. Shelves and racks should be used to store food with stored items rotated so that the oldest is used first.存放食品的货架，在摆放食品时，要做到存放久的食品先食用。I. Insects and vermin should be controlled and kept out of food area. 食品区域不能有各种害虫和寄生虫。J. The dining area should be cleaned after each meal. 每顿饭后，就餐区域应清理干净L. The galley should be cleaned on a continual basis. Floors should be disinfected frequently.厨房要随时保持干净，地面要经常清洗消毒。L. Dishes should be sanitized before re-use.盘子下次使用前要消毒。M. Toilet facilities should be kept clean and sanitized.卫生间设施保持干净，并消毒。N. All potable and non-potable water should be labeled.饮用水和非饮用水要注明。O. Dirty towels and clothes should be laundered after each use.每次使用后的脏毛巾和桌布都应该清洗。P. Garbage and waste should be segregated for proper disposal of after each meal.每顿饭以后，各种垃圾和废物要做到分类收集处理。Q. Changing rooms should be kept clean and orderly. Work clothes should be properly stored.更衣间应该保持干净、整齐。工作服妥善存放。R . Beds should be made daily.每天要整理床铺。S . Personnel should not lie on beds in dirty work clothes and boots.工作人员不允许穿着脏的工作服和靴子躺在床上。2.2 Personal Hygiene 个人卫生A. Personnel should bathe daily and start each day with a clean change of clothes. 工作人员必须每天洗澡，穿戴干净。B. Personnel should have an extra set of clean clothing at the rig to change into should their work clothes get contaminated with oil, diesel or other material that could cause skin irritation.工作人员还应该在井场多预备一套衣服，衣服一旦被油、柴油和其它物品污染，及时更换，避免伤害皮肤。C. Consideration should be given to the prevention and spread of colds, influenza and/or other infectious diseases.注意及时预防感冒、流感和其它疾病的传染。D. When air breathing apparatus, dust or organic vapor respirators are required, facial hair should be removed to facilitate a proper face seal.在使用呼吸用具，灰尘或者有气体呼吸过滤用具时，要将面部头发移开，确保呼吸用具与面部门密封紧密。E. Hair should be maintained in a manner that does not create a safety hazard.头发不宜过长，避免不必要的危险。F. Rig personnel should wash hands and face before eating.井队工作人员吃饭前应洗手、洗脸。G. Using solvents to clean the skin is never a good practice. Workers who use a solvent to clean their hands may develop dermatitis or possibly becoming sensitized to the chemical or solvent.用碱水等来洗手不妥当，经常用碱水来洗手会引发皮肤疾病，或者对化学品和溶剂敏感。2.3 Drugs 毒品和药品A. Illegal drugs, intoxicating beverages, firearms, weapons or other contraband should not be allowed on the rig or location.非法毒品、麻醉性饮料、枪炮、武器或者其它禁止携带的物品不允许带到井场和营地。B. Prescription drugs should be taken in strict accordance with the drugs label and doctors guidance. Personnel who are taking prescription drugs should inform their supervisor. 各种处方药品应该按照说明和医生的要求服用。个人开处方药应该向他们的责任监督汇报。C. Any medications brought to the rig should be in the original container in which they were dispensed or purchased.擅自带到井场上的各种药品，要退回原处。2.4 Fitness for Duty 岗位对健康的要求 The physical fitness of employees can affect their job performance and safety at the rig. In addition to being physically fit to carry out the physical requirements of the job, fitness includes being rested, and free of chemicals that could affect the employees performance. Employees should arrive at the work site fit for duty. This includes: Rested, Free from drugs or alcohol , Illness ,Injury.员工的身体健康状况会影响到工作和钻井作业现场的安全，保持身体健康，方能胜任工作。健康包括良好的休息，不随意服用药品，因为这些药品有时会影响工作。员工一到达现场，身体就应该胜任工作。它包括：良好的休息，不服用药品和酒类，无病、无伤残。2.5 Smoking 吸烟A. Smoking areas should be designated and identified on the rig site.指定井场上的吸烟场所，并标注说明。B. Smoking is permitted only in designated areas. 只能在指定区域吸烟。C. Smoking should not be allowed in food preparation areas.在准备饭菜区域，不允许吸烟。2.6 Horseplay 打斗、玩耍与开玩笑A. Horseplay should not be allowed at any time. 工作时，任何时候都不允许打斗、玩耍。B. Wrestling, mock fights, practical jokes, etc., are examples of horseplay. 打斗、玩耍包括：摔跤、打斗、各类玩笑等。2.7 Proper Lifting Techniques 拿举重物技巧A. Avoid manual lifting of heavy or awkward objects. Mechanical advantage or lifting devices should be used or assistance should be requested.避免人工提升笨重的物品，必要时要使用机械或者专用提升设备。B. When lifting an object with another person, coordinate the lift by using good communication. (For example: “One, Two, Three, Lift”)与他人一起提升搬运物品时，要注意配合。（比如喊一、二、三、起！）C. Check for proper footing before lifting or carrying an object. Make sure the