2019年高考英语一轮复习1.1Friendship（讲）（含解析）.docx

1.1 Friendship 单元知识预览项目单词及其词性变化（语法填空必备）重点单词1upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的 vt.使不安；使心烦2ignore vt.不理睬；忽视ignorance n愚昧ignorant adj.无知的；粗鲁的3calm vt. & vi.(使)平静；(使)镇定 adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的4concern vt. & n(使)担忧；涉及；关系到；担心；关注；(利害)关系concerned adj.担忧的concerning prep.关于5loose adj.松的；松开的6series n连续；系列7outdoors adv.在户外；在野外8entire adj.整个的；完全的；全部的9power n能力；力量；权力powerful adj.有权势的10settle vi.安家；定居；停留vt.使安居；安排；解决settled adj.settlement n安居；定居11suffer vt. &vt.遭受；忍受；经历suffering n痛苦；折磨12recover vi. &vt.痊愈；恢复；重新获得recovery n痊愈13pack vi. &vt.捆扎；包装；打行李 n小包；包裹14exactly adv.确实如此；正是；确切地exact adj.精确的15disagree vi.不同意disagreement nagree反义词重点短语1add up合计 2calm down 平静下来；镇定下来3have got to 不得不，必须 4be concerned about 关心，挂念5go through 经历；经受 6set down 放下；记下；登记7a series of 一连串的；一系列的8on purpose 故意9in order to 为了 10at dusk 在黄昏时刻11face to face 面对面 12no longer/notany longer 不再13suffer from 遭受；患病 14get/be tired of 对厌烦15pack (sth.) up 将(东西)装箱打包16get along with 与相处；进展17fall in love 相爱；爱上 18join in 参加；加入经典句型（高考书面表达必备）1Whilewalkingthedog,_you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.你在遛狗的时候不小心让狗松脱了，接着它被一辆小车撞着了。2. tell him/her that he/she shouldhavestudied.告诉他/她本该学习3I wonder ifits because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长时间无法出门的缘故，使我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都那样狂热。4.itwasthefirsttime in a year and a half thatIdseen the night face to face.这是我一年半以来第一次观察夜晚5Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.妈妈问她穿这么多衣服是不是很热。必备语法（高级句型）名词性从句（1）晨读范文背诵 2018全国卷假定你是李华,你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客,发邮件向你询问有关习俗。请你回复邮件,内容包括:1.到达时间;2.合适的礼物;3.餐桌礼仪。注意:1.词数100左右;2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。【参考范文】Dear Terry,How are you doing? Learning that you are about to pay a visit to a Chinese friend and confused about the Chinese customs, I am writing to put forward some advice.Firstly, I would like to suggest that you arrive 5 to 10 minutes earlier, which is common in Chinese traditional culture. Secondly, if I were you, I would bring some appropriate gifts with me, such as souvenirs from my own country. Besides, table manners are also what you should pay attention to. For example, you are not supposed to stick your chopsticks into your food. Instead, laying them on your dish is a smart choice.If you have any other problems, please dont hesitate to contact me. Yours,Li Hua语言知识精析重点单词精讲考点1upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的，不适的 vt. 使不安；使心烦，打乱(upset; upset)【教材原句】Your friend comes to school very upset.【例句研读】(1)I am upset about the bad news.我对那则坏消息感到_。 (1)心烦意乱(2)It upset her that he had left without saying goodbye. 他的不辞而别_。 (2)让她心情沮丧(3)If the rain keeps falling, it will upset the whole plan. 如果继续下雨，这将会_我们的整个计划。(3)打乱【归纳拓展】be upset about 对感到心烦It upsets sb. that 让某人心烦的是It upsets sb. to do sth. 做使某人不快upset the plan 搅乱了计划【即时巩固】1He was very_that you didnt reply to his letters.（upset）你没有回复他的信，他非常不高兴。2.The _news made him feel _.Aupset; upset Bupsetting; upsetCupset; upsetting Dupsetting; upsetting【答案】B【解析】词义辨析。Upsetting，令人心烦的；upset感到心烦的。句意：这个令人心烦的消息让他感到很心烦。所以选B。3.Knowing the result of the exam, he went home and lay in bed, _ .AupsetBwas upsetCfelt upsetDand upset【答案】A【解析】考查形容词做状语：句意：知道考试的结果，他回到家，躺在床上，很难过。因为那个upset是形容词 描述he的状态，形容词在句子后面表伴随，描述状态，选A。4.It is getting colder. I hope the sudden change of climate _ you.Adont upsetBdidnt upsetChasnt upsetDwont upset【答案】D 考点2ignore vt. 不理睬；忽视；不顾(强调“装作不知道或没看到”【教材原句】Ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down.【例句研读】(1)She saw him coming but she ignored him.她看见他走来，但_他。 (1)没有理睬(2)He is ignorant of farm life.He is in ignorance of farm life.他对农庄生活_。(2)一无所知【归纳拓展】ignorant adj. 无知的；愚昧的；不知道的ignorance n. 无知；愚昧；不知道ignore sb./sth. 不理睬某人/假装不知道或未见be ignorant of/about sth.be in ignorance of sth.不知道某事【即时巩固】1. If the baby is put into a unfamiliar room without its mother, it i_the toys no matter how interesting they might be. (ignore)2. It is difficult for my teacher to _ my mistakes in my composition. He is so careful!AnoticeBrealizeCignoreDmemorize【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。句意“对我老师来说，忽视我作文里的错误是困难的。他是如此的细心。”A“注意”；B“意识到”；C“忽视；不管”；D“背诵”。故选C。3. Tom is always saying Im ugly，MomJust _ himYou are the most beautiful in my eyes Adisagree Bignore Ccommand Ddislike 【答案】B 考点3concern vt. (使)担忧；涉及；关系到 n. 担心；关注；(利害)关系【教材原句】Tell your friend that you are concerned about him.【例句研读】(1)Dont concern yourself with other peoples affairs. 别_他人的事。(1)干涉(2)I always concern myself about my sons future.我总是_我儿子的将来。(2)担忧(3)He doesnt bother about things that dont concern him.他不关心那些与他_的事。(3)无关(4)As far as Im concerned， the sooner, the better._，越快越好。(4)就我而言(5) Concerning your letter, Im pleased to inform you of what you are interested in._你的信，我乐于奉告你所感兴趣的东西。(5)关于【归纳拓展】concerning prep. 关于 concerned adj. 关心的；挂念的；有关的show/express concern about/for 对表示关心/担心 have concern with 和有关系with concern 关切地 concern oneself about/for 担忧/关心concern oneself with 从事，参与 concern sb./sth. 与有关be concerned about/over/for 关心，挂念 be concerned with/in 牵扯进/参与all parties concerned 有关各方 as/so far as. be concerned 就而言【即时巩固】(1)I will tell you that _(我关心你)(2)I dont want _(牵扯到这件事情里)(3)_(就我而言), this is a good idea.(4) What the public is_about is whether medical workers and scientists will be able to find a cure for the new disease in a short time. Aconcerning Bconcern Cconcerned Dto concern 考点4series n. 系列；连续 a series of一连串的；一系列的 a series of exams 一连串的考试 a TV series 一部电视连续剧【教材原句】“I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.”她说，“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把我这个朋友称作基蒂”。【例句研读】(1)Then began a series of wet days that spoiled our vacation.之后就是_下雨天，把我们的假期弄得一团糟。(1)一连串的(2)There was a series of car accidents at the crossing this morning.今天早晨在十字路口发生了_交通事故。(2)一连串的【归纳拓展】(1)series 属于单复数同形的单词，类似的单词还有 means, species, works(工厂)，deer, fish, sheep 等。(2)“a series of复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用单数，但“these/those series of复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用复数。【即时巩固】(1)It is an article _这是一篇关于那部电视连续剧的文章。(2)Theres been _ on this road recently. 最近在这条路上发生了一连串的事故。(3)So far a series of problems _ brought about by this decision. Ahave BhasChave been Dhas been 考点5settle vi. 安家；定居；停留 vt. 使定居；安排；解决【教材原句】She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place, because she was concerned about whether they would be discovered.她觉得在藏身之处难以安定和平静下来，因为她担心他们是否会被发现。【例句研读】(1)She settled in the city after her fathers death.父亲去世后她就在城市里_。(1)定居了(2)They settled their quarrel in a friendly way.他们友好地_。 (2)解决了他们的争端(3)Lets settle down to the work.我们_工作。 (3)开始【归纳拓展】settle in/into (使)适应(新的家、工作、环境等)，习惯于；安顿下来settle down 安居下来；定居，过安定生活，舒适地坐下或躺下settle on/upon 同意，决定；在某处停留/栖息 settle down to n/v.ingget down to n/v.ing开始认真做，专心于 settle ones affairs 安排/解决好自己的事情settle a dispute/an argument 解决争端【即时巩固】(1)I sorted out my mails, and then_(开始做一些严肃的工作)(2)They_(结婚了并定居在) London.(3) According to his letter,he had to _ his affairs in Paris before he could return home Asettle Bsuffer Cpack Dpersuade 考点6suffer vt.& vi. 遭受；忍受；经历【教材原句】She suffered from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there. 她非常孤独，但她却不得不学着喜欢它。【例句研读】(1)They suffered a great loss in the earthquake.在地震中他们_巨大损失。(1)蒙受了(2)Ill suffer this rudeness no longer. 我再也不能_这种粗鲁了。 (2)忍受(3)Hes suffering from a bad cold.他正_重感冒。 (3)患(4)Wars caused suffering to this country. 战争给这个国家_苦难。 (4)带来了【归纳拓展】suffering n. (身体、精神上的)痛苦，苦恼、苦难的经历suffer pain/loss/defeat/punishment/hardship遭受痛苦/损失/失败/惩罚/艰难suffer from 受折磨，受之苦；患疾病【即时巩固】1.Though we _serious natural disasters, we are sure to overcome all difficulties.Agive awayBaffect withCsuffer fromDdeal with【答案】C【解析】give away“分发, 放弃, 泄露”， affect“影响”及物动词， suffer from“遭受” ，deal with“处理”。从“ we are sure to overcome all difficulties.”这句话可以推断出前半句的意思应该是“尽管我们遭受着严重的自然灾害”，因此应选C。 2._ such a heavy loss in the earthquake, they got help from all over the world.ASufferBHaving sufferedCSufferedDTo suffer【答案】B【解析】句意：他们在地震中遭受了如此大的损失，他们收到了来自世界各地的帮助。Suffer 与主语they之间是主动关系，又Suffer的动作发生在动作got之前，因此用现在分词的完成时。故选B。3. Iraq has _ too many wars since the 1990s, making his people _a lot.Agot through; suffer fromBlooked through; sufferingCgone through; sufferDpassed through; suffered【答案】C 考点7recover vi.&vt. 痊愈；恢复；重新获得 recovery n. 恢复，复原；复得【教材原句】How can Linda recover from her illness in this room when its so dirty and dusty?在这种脏并且布满灰尘的房间里，琳达的病怎么会恢复呢？【例句研读】(1)Liu Xiang is still recovering from his operation. 手术后，刘翔仍在_。 (1)恢复之中(2)He seemed upset but quickly recovered himself.他显得心烦意乱，但很快_。(2)静下心来(3)He has made a slow recovery from the strain.他慢慢从紧张中_过来。 (3)恢复【归纳拓展】recover from sth. 从中恢复到正常状态(如健康、神智等)recover sth. from. 从中找回、重新获得recover oneself 清醒过来recover ones health/senses 恢复健康/知觉【即时巩固】1.She had a bad cold, but luckily began to _ soon.ArecoverBcontrolCloseDreduce【答案】A【解析】考查词义辨析。recover 恢复，control 控制，lose 失去，reduce 减少，句意：她得了重感冒，但是幸运的是很快就开始恢复。所以选A。2.After hospitals buy expensive equipment,they must try to _ the money they had spent.ArecoverBreduceCremoveDreceive【答案】A 重点短语精讲考点1add up【教材原句】Add up your score and see how many points you get.把你的分数加起来看看你能得多少分。【例句研读】(1)Can you add these figures up？你能把这些数字_吗？ (1)加起来(2)All these figures add up to 5 000.所有这些数字_5 000。 (2)加起来共计(3)He added some sugar to the coffee.他给咖啡里_些糖。 (3)加了【归纳拓展】add up 合计 add sth. up 把加起来add up to 加起来共计/达 add.to. 把加在/上add to 增加；增添 add that.补充说【即时巩固】用add或其相关短语的适当形式完成句子(1)Will you _some sugar _the coffee, please?(2)The piece of music _our enjoyment.(3)“I will come later.” he_ (补充说). (4)_your score and see how many points you get.【答案】(1)add; to (2)adds/added to (3)adds/added (4)Add up选择填空Youd better _ your scores and see if you have passed the exam Aadd up Badd up to Cadd to Dadd to up A考查动词短语辨析。句意：你最好把你的分数加起来，看看是否通过了考试。此处add up加起来；add up to总共； add to加到上。根据句意选A。考点2go through【教材原句】Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through?或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前经历的困境呢？【例句研读】写出下列各句中 go through 的意思。(1)We went through hardships while working on this project._(2)The teacher has gone through all the papers of the students. _(3)He has the habit of going through morning papers after getting up._(4)It took us three days to go through the forest._(5)Ive gone through my ink._【答案】经历；经受/仔细检查/浏览，翻阅/通过，穿过/用完【归纳拓展】go throughexperience 经历，经受examine carefully 仔细检查look through 浏览，翻阅pass (through) 通过，经过be used up 用完【即时巩固】根据汉语提示完成句子(1)She _(翻遍她所有的衣服) to find something to wear at the party.(2)The two countries _(经历了很多战争). (1)went through all her clothes(2)went through many wars选择填空Remember to _ the pockets before you put those trousers in the washing machine. Aget through Bpass through Cgo through Dget along with C考查动词词组辨析。A. get through接通；B. pass through通过；C. go through经历，检查；D. get along with和相处，进展。句意：记住在把裤子放进洗衣机前要检查口袋。选C。考点3set down【教材原句】“I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.”她说，“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把我这个朋友称作基蒂”。【例句研读】(1)Why dont you set your ideas down on paper? 为什么你不把你的想法_呢？(1)写在纸上(2) Set that heavy bag down to have a rest.把那沉重的袋子_，休息一会儿。 (2)放下(3)Please set me down at the next corner.请在下一个拐角处_。 (3)让我下车【归纳拓展】set down(1)write down 写下，记下(2)put down 放下，搁下(3)stop and allow sb. to get off 让某人下车(4)explain or describe to oneself as 解释为，认为(与 as 连用)set about doing sth.开始干某事(set out to do sth.)set sb. a good example为树立好榜样【即时巩固】根据汉语提示完成句子(1)I _(已将每件事记了下来)that happened.(2)Please _(写下你的想法) on a piece of paper.【答案】(1)have written/put/set down everything (2)set/put/write down your ideas/thoughts考点4. in order to【教材原句】For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.比方说，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。【例句研读】翻译句子。(1) In order to see it clearly, I put on my glasses. I put on my glasses in order to see it clearly. I put on my glasses so as to see it clearly.I put on my glasses to see it clearly.To see it clearly I put on my glasses. _(2) In order not to lose the job, she lied to the boss. _【答案】 (1) 为了看清楚，我戴上了眼镜。(2) 为了不丢掉工作，她向老板说了谎。【归纳拓展】in order to 为了(1)in order to 引导的目的状语，可置于句首或句末，可换成 to (do sth.)。so as to 引导的目的状语，其位置一般在句末。(2)否定结构：in order not to do 和 so as not to do。(3)前后两部分主语一致时，才能用 in order to 或 so asto 来引导，否则，改用 so that 或 in order that 来引导。【即时巩固】同义句转换(1)I went home in order that I could change my clothes.I went home _my clothes.I went home _ my clothes.(2)We started early so that we could get to the meeting on time.We started early _we could get to the meeting on time.We started early _get to the meeting on time.【答案】(1)in order to change; to change(2)in order that; in order to选择填空After graduation he took all his works to London _ get a good job there. Aso that Bin order that Cin order toDas to C考查不定式的用法。A. so that 为了，这是连词，后面接句子， B. in order that为了，这是连词后面接句子，C. in order to 为了，后面接动词原形， D. as to至于。句意：毕业后，他把所有的作品都带到伦敦，为了能找到一份好工作。选C。考点5get along【例句研读】Im getting along well with a boy in my class.我和我们班上的一位男生一直相处的很好。【例句研读】翻译句子(1)How is the work getting along？ (1)工作进展如何？(2)How are you getting along with your studies? (2)你功课学得怎样？(3)Selfish men are hard to get along with. (3)自私的人很难相处。【归纳拓展】get along/on with与相处get along/on well/nicely with.进展(谈及或问及工作情况)get along/on(well)with sb与某人相处(得好)get along/on(well/smoothly)with sth某事进展(得很好/很顺利) get back 返回，回去；寻回，找回get in 到达；收割；上班get over 解决；克服；控制表示“进展，进行”时，get alongget on，其中along和on是副词，其后不能直接加宾语。【即时巩固】完成句子(1)How is he _ his studies?他的学习进展如何？(2)He _ his boss.他与老板相处得很好。【答案】(1)getting along/on with(2)gets along/on well with选择填空Last night I came across the man _ you think is pleasant to _. Awho; get along Bwhom; get along Cwho; get along with Dwhom; get along with 经典句型剖析考点1 分词短语作状语【教材原句】While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.你在遛狗的时候不小心让狗松脱了，接着它被一辆小车撞着了。【句法分析】While walking the dogWhile you were walking the dog，这是状语从句的省略。在when, while, if, as if, though, as, where, unless等连词(词组)引导的状语从句中，如果谓语动词有be，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或为it时，则从句的主语和be常常省略。【例句研读】When (I was) in Japan, I took many beautiful pictures.在日本时，我拍了许多漂亮的照片。While (I was) waiting, I read newspapers.我边等待，边看报纸。If (it were) not for you, we would not go there.要不是为你，我们就不会去那儿了。He looks as if (he were) drunk.他看上去像喝醉了。She went on working though (she was) exhausted.尽管她精疲力竭，但仍继续工作。Fill in the blanks with the given words; change the form where (it is) necessary.用所给词填空，必要的地方改变形式。I wont go unless (Im) invited.除非被邀请，否则我不会去。【考点聚焦】考查现在分词作状语，改写句子的原则是主句和从句的主语一致。这个句型是提高写作句子水平的重要手段。【即时巩固】When first _ to the market, these products enjoyed great success.Aintroducing BintroducedCintroduce Dbeing introduced【答案】B 考点2 should have done结构的虚拟语气【教材原句】.tell him/her that he/she should have studied. 告诉他/她本该学习【句法分析】should have done结构表示过去应该做某事而事实上没有做；而shouldnt have done则表示过去本不该做某事而实际上却做了，两者皆含有“责备”的口吻。【例句研读】You should have finished your homework yesterday.你昨天就该做完作业。You shouldnt have told him about it.你本来不应该告诉他这件事情。拓展：其他“情态动词havedone”结构：(1)must have done对过去发生的事情的肯定推测。“一定”。(2)cant/couldnt have done对过去发生的事情的否定推测。“不可能”。(3)neednt have done过去没有必要做却做了。“本来没必要做”。(4)ought (not) to have doneshould (not) have done(5)might/may have done过去可能做了某事(可能性小)。“可能做了”。(6)could have done过去本可能做而未做。“本来能做”。(7)would have done愿意做某事却不能做。“本来想要做”。【考点聚焦】含有should虚拟语气的用法【即时巩固】Oh, Im not feeling well in the stomach. I _ so much fried chicken just now.Ashouldnt eat Bmustnt have eatenCshouldnt have eaten Dmustnt eat【答案】C 考点3 含有the+序数词+time句型的时态【教材原句】.it was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face.这是我一年半以来第一次观察夜晚【句法分析】It is/was the first time(that).这是一个固定句式