2019版高考英语大二轮复习 第四部分 完形填空 18 说明文和议论文课件.ppt

专题十八说明文和议论文,-2-,真题演练(2015浙江)SincefinishingmystudiesatHarvardandOxford,Ivewatchedonefriendafteranotherlandhigh-ranking,high-payingWallStreetjobs.Asexecutives(高级管理人员)withbanks,consultingfirms,establishedlawfirms,andmajorcorporations,manyarenow21ontheirwaytoimpressivecareers.Bysocietys22,theyseemtohaveitmade.,-3-,Onthesurface,thesepeopleseemtobeveryluckyinlife.Astheyleftstudentlifebehind,manyhada23drinkattheircheapbutfriendlylocalbar,shookhandswithlongtimeroommates,and24outofsmallapartmentsintohighbuildings.Theymadereservationsatrestaurantswherethecostofabottleofwine25acollegeyearsmonthlyrent.Theyreplacedtheirbelovedoldcarswithexpensivenewsportscars.Thethingis,anumberofthemhave26thatdespitetheirsuccess,theyarenthappy.Some27ofunfriendlycoworkersandfeelsadforeight-hourworkweeksdevotedtotasksthey28.Somedonotrespectthepaniestheyworkforandtalkoffeelingtiredand29.However,insteadofdevotingthemselvestotheirwork,theyfindthemselvesworkingtosupportthe30towhichtheyhavesoquicklybee31.,-4-,Peopleoftenspeakoftryingamoresatisfyingpath,and32intheendtheideaofleavingtheirjobstoworkforsomethingthey33orfindingapositionthatwouldgivethemmoretimewiththeirfamiliesalmostalwaysleadsthemtothesameconclusion:its34.Theyhaveloans,bills,amortgage(抵押贷款)to35,retirementtosavefor.Theyrecognizetheressomething36intheirlives,butits37tostepoffthetrack.Inasocietythattendsto38everythingintermsofdollarsandcents,welearnfromayoungagetoconsiderthecostsofour39infinancialterms.Butwhataboutthepersonalandsocialcosts40inpursuingmoneyovermeaning?Theseareexactlythekindsofcostsmanyofustendtoignoreandtheveryonesweneedtoconsidermost.,-5-,21.A.muchB.neverC.seldomD.well22.A.policiesB.standardsC.experimentsD.regulations23.A.lastB.leastC.secondD.best24.A.cycledB.movedC.slidD.looked25.A.sharedB.paidC.equaledD.collected26.A.advertisedB.witnessedC.admittedD.demanded27.AplainB.dreamC.hearD.approve28.A.distributeB.hateC.applaudD.neglect29.A.calmB.guiltyC.warmD.empty30.A.familyB.governmentC.lifestyleD.project,-6-,31.A.accustomedB.appointedC.uniqueD.available32.A.yetB.alsoC.insteadD.rather33.A.letoutB.turninC.giveupD.believein34.A.fundamentalB.practicalC.impossibleD.unforgettable35.A.takeoffB.dropoffC.putoffD.payoff36.A.missingB.inspiringC.sinkingD.shining37.A.harmfulB.hardC.usefulD.normal38.A.measureB.sufferC.digestD.deliver39.A.disastersB.motivationsC.campaignsD.decisions40.A.assessedB.involvedC.coveredD.reduced,-7-,-8-,-9-,-10-,-11-,【答案解析】21.D作者的朋友们接受过高等教育,算是社会的精英分子,他们在各大公司做得风生水起,完全处于通往令人赞叹的职业生涯的途中。well此处表示程度,意为“完全地,彻底地”。22.B作者的这些朋友,依照社会的标准来衡量,似乎很容易获取成功。句中的haveitmade意为“有成功的把握,很容易办到”。23.A根据下文内容可知,因为这些人获得了成功,他们不可能再去那些低档次的地方消费,所以他们在廉价但气氛友好的当地酒吧最后一次喝酒。24.Bmoveoutof意为“脱离,摆脱”,此处指的是作者的这些朋友从小的公寓里搬出来,住进了高楼里。25.C此处描述朋友们奢侈的生活方式,他们预订座位的饭店饭菜昂贵,一瓶酒的价格等同于大学里一个月的房租。,-12-,26.C问题是,他们中的一些人承认,虽然他们成功了,但是他们并不快乐。27.Aplainof是固定短语,意为“抱怨”,他们抱怨同事们不友好。28.B根据前面的feelsadfor可知,这些工作是他们不喜欢做的,所以他们对一天八小时的工作感到烦恼。29.D此处继续描述那些成功人士的烦恼,一些人不尊重他们效力的公司,说自己感到厌倦和空虚。30.C然而,这些人不是全身心地投入工作,他们发觉自己工作的目的只是为了维持那种他们很快就习惯了的生活方式。31.A分析句子结构,towhichtheyhavesoquicklybeeaccustomed是定语从句,修饰lifestyle。beeaccustomedto是固定短语,意为“习惯于,对变得习以为常”。,-13-,32.A人们经常说尝试一种更令人满意的道路,可是最终,人们只是说说而已,没有人真的舍弃一切,改变固有的生活模式。yet意为“可是”。33.D有些人想过放弃自己的工作去为他们信仰的某些事情而工作,或者找到一个让他们有更多时间陪伴家人的职位。34.C上述的内容只是停留在很多人的想象中,最终,他们得出相同的结论:这是不可能的事情。35.D人们的美好想法最终败给了现实:他们需要支付贷款、账单,他们要付清抵押贷款,他们要为退休后的生活攒钱。36.A他们意识到在生活中某些东西失去了,但是脱离原有的生活轨道是很难的事情。37.B根据上文内容可知,现实生活中的人们,总是为生计所累,不可能说走就走,说离开就离开,所以脱离原有的生活轨道是不容易做到的。,-14-,38.A我们现在生活的社会是以金钱来衡量一切的,所以我们从很小的时候就学会了从金钱的角度去考虑我们做出的决定的经济成本。39.D根据上文内容可知,很多人之所以放弃自己的决定,就是觉得不合算,这个“合算”当然是从金钱的角度来衡量的。40.Binvolvedin作后置定语,修饰costs,意为“卷入,涉及”。作者反问:卷入到金钱至上中的个人成本和社会成本怎么计算呢?,-15-,A(2018河北衡水模拟)Asachild,Iwasalwaystoldto“eatmygreens”,theunappealingvegetablesthatalllookedandtasted1.Facingsomanyotherdelicioustreatsto2.,whyeatboringvegetables?Sincethenmytastebudshave3.andImalsofullyawareofthehealthbenefitsofeatingfreshvegetables.Butwestillneed4.oftheamazinggoodnessthesegreensuperfoodsgiveus.IntheUK,acampaignhasbeen5.forseveralyearstoencourageustoeatour“5ADay”fiveportionsoffruitandvegetables.Thats6.evidencehasshownsignificanthealth7.togettingatleastfive80gportionsofavarietyoffruitandvegetableseveryday.,-16-,ButIstruggletryingtofitthesefiveportionsintomydaily8.,partlybecauseIhaveasweet9.andvegetablesare,well,tasteless.Researchershavebeen10.howtomakeeatingvegetablesmore11.Theyanalysedthepsychologybehindourfood12.andfoundthatmostofusare13.bytaste.Studiesshowpeople14.tothinkofhealthieroptionsaslesstastyforsomereason.AprojectcalledVeggieEAThasalsobeentryingtogetpeopleto15.morevegetables.Projectleaderbelievesin16.encouragingpeopleintoeatingtherightthings.Oneideahasbeentoputa17.ofatastylookingfruitonasupermarkettrolleyasa18.aboutbuyingsomethingfromthefruitstore.Choiceisareally19.thing.Butakingvegetableslookattractivewillincreasetheirsales.,-17-,Certainly,evenifitjust20.likeacarrot,eating“twistedcitrus-glazedcarrots”doesmakeuseatmorevegetablesthenthatcanonlybeagoodthing.1.A.disgustingB.deliciousC.ripenD.sweet2.A.buyB.prepareC.offerD.enjoy3.A.appearedB.developedC.existedD.shrank4.A.remindingB.informingC.warningD.talking5.A.planningB.aimingC.runningD.intending6.A.whyB.howC.whenD.because,-18-,7.A.needsB.benefitsC.issuesD.risks8.A.dietB.educationC.workD.exercise9.A.tendencyB.preferenceC.toothD.appetite10.A.showingB.discoveringC.reportingD.studying11.A.appropriateB.attractiveC.beneficialD.independent12.A.choicesB.valuesC.wastesD.judgments13.A.confusedB.disturbedC.motivatedD.challenged,-19-,14.A.manageB.decideC.agreeD.tend15.A.growB.eatC.storeD.harvest16.A.slowlyB.suddenlyC.firmlyD.seriously17.A.varietyB.lotC.pictureD.number18.A.signB.concernC.clueD.hint19.A.easyBplexC.quickD.casual20.A.looksB.smellsC.tastesD.feels,-20-,【语篇解读】本文是说明文。蔬菜对健康有益,这是一个众人皆知的道理。然而,我们有时候会因为偏爱其他食物的口味而对吃青菜感到很不情愿。本文探讨一项旨在提倡人们多吃青菜的研究,并介绍一些商家用来吸引顾客购买蔬菜的销售技巧。1.A词义辨析题。A项“令人恶心的”;B项“美味的”;C项“成熟的”;D项“甜的”。根据“theunappealingvegetables”和“boringvegetables”可知,作者认为这些蔬菜不好吃,令人厌恶,所以答案为A项。2.D词义辨析题。根据该句“somanyotherdelicioustreats”可知,有其他美味供人享受,谁还会吃无味的蔬菜呢?答案为D项。3.B词义辨析题。A项“出现,显现”;B项“开发,发展,形成,进步,冲洗胶片”;C项“存在”;D项“缩水,收缩”。句意:从那以后,我的味蕾就发展(即改变)了,我还充分意识到了吃新鲜蔬菜对健康的益处。答案为B项。,-21-,4.A词义辨析题。根据上一句“.thehealthbenefitsofeatingfreshvegetables”可知,要时刻提醒自己记得(remind)这些绿色“超级食品”给我们的身体带来的惊人益处。答案为A项。5.C词义辨析题。句意:在英国,世界卫生组织为鼓励人们“每天吃5份果蔬”而发起的宣传活动已经进行了好多年。分析句意可知,只有run才有“运转,进行,经营”之意,所以答案为C项。6.D词义辨析题。根据上文可知,宣传活动之所以持续了好多年是因为有证据表明,人们每天至少食用5份80g的水果和蔬菜会对健康有很大益处。答案为D项。7.B行文逻辑题。A项“需要”;B项“利益,益处”;C项“问题”;D项“风险”。根据上文及上一题的分析可知答案为B项。8.A词义辨析题。句意:我仍在努力把这5份果蔬纳入日常饮食中。根据句意可知答案为A项。,-22-,9.C语法功能题。A项“趋势,倾向”;B项“偏爱,优先权”;C项“牙齿,偏好,嗜好”;D项“胃口,食欲”。句意:部分原因是我爱吃甜食,而且觉得蔬菜很无味。haveasweettooth为固定短语,意思是“喜欢甜食”,所以答案为C项。10.D词义辨析题。句意:研究人员一直在研究如何让蔬菜更具吸引力。根据句意可知答案为D项。11.B词义辨析题。A项“合适的,恰当的,正确的”;B项“有吸引力的”;C项“有益的”;D项“独立的”。根据上句“vegetablesare,well,tasteless”可知,因为蔬菜无味,人们不喜欢吃,因此研究人员一直在研究如何让蔬菜更具吸引力。答案为B项。12.A词义辨析题。A项“选择,抉择”;B项“价值,价值观,有价值的东西”;C项“废弃物,垃圾”;D项“判断”。他们分析了我们选择食物时的心理。答案为A项。,-23-,13.C词义辨析题。A项“使迷惑”;B项“打扰,打断”;C项“使有动机,促动,激发”;D项“挑战”。根据句意可知,大部分人选择食物都是受味道的驱使。答案为C项。14.D词义辨析题。研究表明,人们会因为某种原因而倾向于认为越健康的食物越难吃。答案为D项。15.B行文逻辑题。在欧洲,名为VeggieEAT的项目一直在尝试找出能让人们多吃蔬菜的方法。根据上下文可知答案为B项,eat在文中多次出现。16.A文化常识题。项目的领导人认为要慢慢地鼓励人们进食恰当的食物。根据常识可知,想让人们接受某种东西,要慢慢地进行。答案为A项。17.C词义辨析题。其中一个想法是,把看起来很美味的水果图片放在超市的购物车上,以此来暗示消费者去水果区购买东西。答案为C项。,-24-,18.D词义辨析题。A项“记号,符号”;B项“关心,顾虑,在意”;C项“线索,提示”;D项“暗示,提示,迹象”。根据上一题的分析可知答案为D项。19.B词义辨析题。A项“容易的,轻松的,方便的”;B项“复杂的”;C项“快速地”;D项“临时的,随意的,随便的”。根据上文内容可知,让人们多吃蔬菜,选择健康的蔬菜水果过程是很复杂的,所以答案为B项。20.C词义辨析题。虽然尝起来像是胡萝卜,但“麻花橘釉胡萝卜”确实能让人们多吃蔬菜也是好事情。答案为C项。,-25-,B(2018安徽安庆二模)Peopletendtoseekhappiness.1.Ivefinishedwithmanybooks,Ietothe2.thathappinessisachoice.Wecanfeelhappyorunhappyjustby3.ourthoughts!Ithinkmostpeopleareunhappybecausetheypay4.attentiontowhatshappeningoutsidetheymightthinktheyretoofatorthey5.theirjobs.These6.thoughtscanputtheirpersonalitiesunderpressure.Anotherimportantreasonmaybethattheylackthe7.attitudetowardsothers.Iftheythinkthey8.everythingothersdoforthem,theyllneverfeelhappy.,-26-,Actually,weallhaveasenseofhappinessinsidewaitingto9.Whatwehavetodoisletitout.Surprisingly,manyofusplacesuchalow10.onourselvesthatwelowerthe11.ofeverythingwedo.12.weshouldmakethedecisiontodaytovalueourselves.Whensomeone13.forhelp,dontrefuse.Justmakesuretheyknowthevalueofyourhelp.14.yourselfthatyoucandecidewhethertobehappyonyourown.Dontworryaboutgenetics(遗传).15.yourdadisnotthehappiestman,itdoesntmeanyouareunhappy.Ifyouchoosetobehappy,youcan16.lookonthebrightsideoflife.Take17.andbeproudofthechoicesyouhavemade.,-27-,Trygivingsomeofyourtimetoa18.career.Forexample,themoretimeyouspendvolunteering,thehappieryoullbe.Thisisanopportunityto19.newexperiences,meetnewpeopleandlearnnew20.1.A.UnlessB.WhenC.ThoughD.Before2.A.forceB.agreementC.ideaD.conclusion3.A.changingB.scanningC.polishingD.updating4.A.littleB.muchC.someD.less5.A.appreciateB.likeC.doubtD.hate,-28-,6.A.badB.positiveC.ridiculousD.meaningful7.A.thoughtfulB.friendlyC.gratefulD.hopeful8.A.abandonB.absorbC.deserveD.possess9.A.giveoutB.burstoutC.diedownD.breakdown10.A.valueB.purposeC.spiritD.decision11.A.targetB.requestC.functionD.quality12.A.OrB.SoC.ButD.As,-29-,13.A.searchesB.chargesC.reachesD.asks14.A.RetellB.InformC.RemindD.Persuade15.A.IncaseB.SinceC.EvenifD.Whether16.A.alwaysB.neverC.stillD.even17.A.effectB.careC.noticeD.responsibility18.A.constantB.worthyC.diverseD.curious19.A.gainB.masterC.analyzeD.improve20.A.activitiesB.adventuresC.skillsD.benefits,-30-,【语篇解读】本文是议论文。人们都倾向于寻求幸福。幸福是一种选择,只要改变我们的思想,我们就能感受到快乐!1.B语法功能题。根据句意可知,此处是when引导的时间状语从句。答案为B项。2.D词义辨析题。A项“力量,武力”;B项“协议,一致”;C项“想法,主意”;D项“结论”。作者得出的结论是:幸福是一种选择。答案为D项。3.A词义辨析题。A项“改变”;B项“浏览”;C项“擦亮,润色,抛光”;D项“更新”。句意:快乐或不快乐只是取决于我们思想认识的改变。根据句意可知答案为A项。4.B词义辨析题。句意:我想大多数人不快乐是因为他们太过于关注外在的东西。根据句意可知答案为B项。,-31-,5.D词义辨析题。A项“欣赏,感激”;B项“喜欢”;C项“怀疑”;D项“讨厌,厌恶,憎恨”。句意:他们可能会认为自己太胖了,或者厌烦自己的工作。根据句意可知答案为D项。6.A词义辨析题。A项“坏的,差的”;B项“积极的”;C项“荒谬可笑的”;D项“有意义的”。上文提到他们嫌弃自己太胖,讨厌自己的工作可知,这些糟糕的想法会让他们承受巨大压力。答案为A项。7.C词义辨析题。A项“深思的”;B项“友好的”;C项“感激的”;D项“有希望的”。句意:另一个重要原因可能是他们缺乏对