宾语从句之语序时态总结.doc

宾语从句Teaching Aims：让学生通过学习宾语从句，能正确做题，并能在交际及写作中正确运用。Main and Difficult Points:时态中的细化角度，以及含宾语从句的反意疑问句。Analysis: 宾语从句在初中语法中是重点，中考选择题必有一道。Teaching Procedure:1定义的角度：在复合句中充当宾语成分的句子叫宾语从句。 eg I know you. (主+谓+宾） I know you are a student. (主+谓+宾语从句) 2 从解题的角度： 语序的角度：从句总是要用陈述句的语序（主谓不倒装）What are they talking about ? I want to know. I want to know what they are talking about.How can I get to the train station ? Can you tell me? Can you tell me how I can get to the train station? 从时态的角度：a .如果主句是一般现在时，从句根据情况使用任何一种时态。I know you are a teacher. (一般现在时) I know you were a teacher three years ago.（一般过去时）I know you will be a teacher next year. (一般将来时)(主现从任) b.如果主句是一般过去时，从句就要根据时间状语而用相应的过去的某种时态。I heard you had a bad cold.（一般过去时）He asked me what I was doing last night (过去进行时)He told me that he had finished his homework last night.（过去完成）I knew you would be a teacher next year. (过去将来)（主过从过）c.如果从句是客观真理时，它永远都用一般现在时。The teacher tells/told that the earth moves around the sun. （主任从现）注意：时态：十二字方针：主过从过，主现从任，主任从现 从连接词的角度：a 当陈述句变为宾语从句时，用that连接，而且that可省略You are a student. (改为宾语从句） I know (that) you are a student 注意：that不可省略的情况1. 宾语从句中的主语是that时Eg：She told me that that was a useful book. 2.有多个宾语从句，第一个可以省略，其他不可以Eg: She said(that) the film was interesting and that she enjoyed seeing it. 3.在主从复合句中（that引导的宾从中又含有从句时that 一般不省略）Eg : Im afraid that if you lose the book youll pay for it. I think that if you study hard you will pass the test.4.主语和宾语之间有插入语时Eg: He told me ,believe it or not ,that he would buy a car.5.当it作形式宾语代替that引导的宾语从句时Eg: They make it clear to the public that they do an important job.b 当一般疑问句变为宾语从句时，用if 或whether连接. Are you a student? I wonder. I wonder if /whether you are a student.Does he like learning English? Do you know? Do you know if/whether he likes learning English?注意:下列情况一般用whether 不用ifl 后接or not 时只用whetherEg:I dont know whether she will come or not.l 引导从句作介词宾语时Eg: I am interested in whether you like English. I am worried about whether I hurt his feelings.Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on timel 后接to 的不定式Eg: Im uncertain whether to go or notl 若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether.如：Please let me know if you like the book可理解为： Please let me know whether you like the book请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。 If you like the book please let me know你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我l whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：Whether this is true or not，I cant say这是否真的我说不上来。l 引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question她是否能来还是个问题。The question is whether we can catch the bus问题是我们能否赶上公共汽补充；只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句1.if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果”The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny. 2.if引导否定概念的宾语从句时He asked if I didnt come to school yesterday.3.引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if（好象）时Eg :He talks as if he has known all about it.c 当特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时，用疑问词作连接词（即保留疑问词不变）;常见疑问词包括疑问代词（ what ,who ,which, whom, whose）和疑问副词（when , where ,how, why）Where are you going? I dont know. I dont know where you are going. 连接代词：who ,whom, whose ,which ,what,在句中担任主语、宾语、定语或者表语。Do you know who has won Red Alert game? The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.Have you determined which you should buy ,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone? 连接副词有：when, where ,why ,how，在句中担任状语的成分。He didnt tell me when we should meet again. Could you please tell me how you use the new panel? None of us knows where these new parts can be bought. 注意：语序为陈述语序附加1祈使句变为非谓语：“Dont play football in the street,” teacher said.(变为一个句子）Teacher told us not to play football in the street.祈使句转换成一个句子往往用固定句型：tell/ask sb. (not) to do sth. 附加2 含宾语从句的反意疑问句a 一般情况下，反意疑问句部分的主谓跟主句保持一致。He thinks that you are a good man, doesnt he? b .当主句的主语是第一人称“I”时，反意疑问部分的主谓应跟从句保持一致I think that you are a good man, arent you?c .当主句的谓语动词是think believe suppose expect等表示“认为，想法”的动词时，常有否定转移，即用否定主句来实现对从句的否定，所以，要注意否定转移时的反意疑问句。I dont think that you are a good student, are you ? I dont believe that man is killed by Jim ,is he?We suppose you have finished the project, havent you?I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, wont she/he?另外，如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等相当于肯定，后面反疑问句用否定，如Tom is unhappy today ,isnt he?),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式. We find that he never/hardly listens to the teacher carefully, does he? 附加3：宾语从句中的陷阱题（容易出错的题）1.Could you tell me_? A when you will send the fridge to our house B when will you send the fridge to our house C when you would send the fridge to our house D when would you send the fridge to our house 正确答案为A。很多同学看到could，就认为主句是过去时态，所以选了C。实际上could you tell me (你能告诉我吗)表示的是一种委婉的语气，而不是过去时态！2. He asked me_? A what was the wrong B what the wrong was C what the wrong is D what is the wrong 正确答案是A 。很多同学误选B。实际上这个句子的原形是Something is wrong. 对主语的提问变为what is wrong? 也就是说，对主语提问时并不存在主谓倒装，所以语序无需调动。3. I dont know_? A what should I do B how should I do C what to do D how to do正确答案是C。很多同学误选D。实际上do是一个及物动词，后面要接宾语，所以用what作其宾语。how只能作状语练习题：1. Could you tell me _the bike without any help this morning? A how does he mend B how he mends C how he mended D how did he mend 2. I want to know_ A what is his name B whats his name C that his name is D what his name is 3.Jim doesnt understand_ A. which is the way to the museum B. why his wife always goes shopping C. what is the way to the museum D. why does she always go shopping 4.Mr Smith asked us why _to school last week. A. didnt Ann goB. Ann didnt go C. Ann not to go D. Ann doesnt go5-Could you tell us how long _? -A