各种符号、数字英语读法.doc

常用的数学符号英文读法 一、一般符号对应的英文单词 period 句号， comma 逗号： colon 冒号； semicolon 分号！ exclamation 惊叹号？ question mark 问号 hyphen 连字符 apostrophe 省略号；所有格符号 dash 破折号single quotation marks 单引号“”double quotation marks 双引号( ) parentheses 圆括号 square brackets 方括号 French quotes 法文引号；书名号. ellipsis 省略号 tandem colon 双点号 ditto 同上 parallel 平行 双线号 virgule 斜线号 ampersand = and swung dash 代字号 section; division 分节号 arrow 箭号；参见号 plus 加号；正号 minus 减号；负号 plus or minus 正负号 is multiplied by or cross 叉乘 is divided by 除号 is equal to 等于号 is not equal to 不等于号 is equivalent to 全等于号 is equal to or approximately equal to 等于或约等于号 is approximately equal to 约等于号 is less than 小于号 is more than （is greater than在数学中更常用） 大于号 is not less than不小于号 is not more than不大于号 is less than or equal to 小于或等于号 is more than or equal to 大于或等于号 per cent 百分之 per mill 千分之 infinity 无限大号 varies as 与成比例 (square) root 平方根 since; because 因为 hence 所以 equals, as (proportion) 等于，成比例 angle 角 semicircle 半圆 circle 圆 circumference 圆周 pi 圆周率 triangle 三角形 perpendicular to 垂直于；另外normal to，right to也都有垂直的意思。 union of 并，合集 intersection of 交，通集 the integral of 的积分 (sigma) summation of 总和 degree 度 minute 分 second 秒 number号 Celsiussystem摄氏度 at单价 pi. dot (点乘就是centered dot)：偏微分符号,读作round 法国人发明的.偏导数英文翻译为partial derivative,因此有时读为partial.还有一种读法,念成round：是希腊字母的古典写法,数学里只用作表示偏导数的记号,在表示偏导数的时候,一般不念字母名称,中国人大多念作“偏”,(例如 z对x的偏导数,念作“偏z偏x”.)(简单的把y/x读成偏y比偏x)倒三角符号读“Nabla”,奈不拉,也可以读作“Del”，读nabla的居多，Del在某些英文书里会见到。nabla符号本身具有不同的功能，当它按不同的乘法规则作用于函数时会分别得到f f prime f撇A上面一个横杠：A barA上面一个星星*： A asteriskA上面一个波浪线：A tildeA的厄米共轭（注意不是加号，那个竖比横长）：A dagger（dagger：短剑，匕首）梯度：grandient 符号为grad，散度：divergence 符号为div。此时可直接读作grandient（divergence） of .1.Logic逻辑 there exist for allpq p implies q / if p, then qpq p if and only if q /p is equivalent to q / p and q are equivalent2.SetsxA x belongs to A / x is an element (or a member) of AxA x does not belong to A / x is not an element (or a member) of AAB A is contained in B / A is a subset of BAB A contains B / B is a subset of AAB A cap B / A meet B / A intersection BAB A cup B / A join B / A union BAB A minus B / the diference between A and BAB A cross B / the cartesian product of A and B3. Real numbersx+1x plus onex-1x minus onex1 x plus or minus onexyxy / x multiplied by y(x - y)(x + y)x minus y, x plus yx y x over y=the equals signx = 5x equals 5 / x is equal to 5x5 x (is) not equal to 5xy x is equivalent to (or identical with) yx y x is not equivalent to (or identical with) yx yx is greater than yxy x is greater than or equal to yx yx is less than yxy x is less than or equal to y0 x 1zero is less than x is less than 10x1 zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1| x | mod x / modulus xx 2 x squared / x (raised) to the power 2x 3 x cubedx 4 x to the fourth / x to the power fourx n x to the nth / x to the power nx n x to the (power) minus nx (square) root x / the square root of xx 3 cube root (of) xx 4 fourth root (of) xx n nth root (of) x( x+y ) 2 x plus y all squared( x y ) 2 x over y all squaredn!n factorialx x hatx x barx x tildex i xi / x subscript i / x suffix i / x sub i i=1 n a i the sum from i equals one to n a i / the sum as i runs from 1 to n of the a i 4. Linear algebra x the norm (or modulus) of xOA OA / vector OAOA OA / the length of the segment OAA T A transpose / the transpose of AA 1 A inverse / the inverse of A5. Functionsf( x ) fx / f of x / the function f of xf:ST a function f from S to Txy x maps to y / x is sent (or mapped) to yf( x ) f prime x / f dash x / the (first) derivative of f with respect to xf( x ) f double-prime x / f double-dash x / the second derivative of f with respect to xf( x ) triple-prime x / f triple-dash x / the third derivative of f with respect to xf (4) ( x ) f four x / the fourth derivative of f with respect to xf x 1 the partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1 2 f x 1 2 the second partial (derivative) of f with respect to x1 0 the integral from zero to infinitylim x0 the limit as x approaches zerolim x 0 + the limit as x approaches zero from abovelim x 0 the limit as x approaches zero from belowlog e y log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) yLn y log y to the base e / log to the base e of y / natural log (of) y二、一些函数关系的读法A与B的乘积 the _ product of A and B（_中填乘积的性质，例如外积就填outer，内积就填inner)A乘以B A times B or A is multiplied by BA/B A over B B分之A的最普通读法f(x) f of x 函数f(x)exp(n) e to powers of n e的n次幂三、 Pronunciation of Numerals 数词的读法 1.Cardinals and Ordinals 基数和序数 (1)100以内的数词 基数 序数 Roman Arabic Numerals Numerals 罗马数字 阿拉伯数字 读法 数码 读法 I 1 one 1st the first II 2 two 2nd the second III 3 three 3rd the third IV 4 four 4th the fourth V 5 five 5th the fifth VI 6 six 6th the sixth VII 7 seven 7th the seventh VIII 8 eight 8th the eighth IX 9 nine 9th the ninth X 10 ten 10th the tenth XI 11 eleven 11th the eleventh XII 12 twelve 12th the twelfth XIII 13 thirteen 13th the thirteenth XIV 14 fourteen 14th the fourteenth XV 15 fifteen 15th the fifteenth XVI 16 sixteen 16th the sixteenth XVII 17 seventeen 17th the seventeenth XVIII 18 eighteen 18th the eighteenth XIX 19 nineteen 19th the nineteenth XX 20 twenty 20th the twentieth XXI 21 twenty-one 21st the twenty-first XXV 25 twenty-five 25th the twenty-fifth XXX 30 thirty 30th the thirtieth XL 40 forty 40th the fortieth L 50 fifty 50th the fiftieth LX 60 sixty 60th the sixtieth LXX 70 seventy 70th the seventieth LXXX 80 eighty 80th the eightieth XC 90 ninety 90th the ninetieth IC 99 ninety-nine 99th the ninety-ninth C 100 one hundred 100th the hundredth CII 102 a hundred 102nd the (one) hundred and two and second 246 two hundred and forty-six 751 seven hundred and fifty-one (2)1000以上的数词 1,000 = one thousand 一千 10,000 = ten thousand 一万 100,000 = one hundred thousand 十万 1,000,000 = one million 一百万 10,000,000 = ten million 一千万 100,000,000=one hundred million 一亿 (3)十亿以上的大数，英美有不同的读法： 英国 美国 十亿 one thousand million = one billion 百亿 ten thousand million = ten billion 千亿 one hundred thousand million = one hundred billion 万亿 one billion = one trillion 2.Fractions 分数 通常将分子读为基数，将分母读为序数。 1/2 = a (or one) half 1/3 = a (or one) third 1/4 = a quarter or one fourth 1/5 = a (or one) fifth 2/3 = two thirds 9/10 = nine tenths 53/4 = five and three quarters 15/64= fifteen over (or by) sixty-four 15% = fifteen per cent 4 = four per mill 3.Decimals 小数 0.4 = zero (or nought) point four .01 = point (or decimal) nought one 12.34 = twelve point three four 567.809 = five hundred and sixty-seven point eight nought nine 30.45 = thirty point four five, five recurring 0.3% = decimal three percent 4.Mathematic Forms 数学式 (1) Addition 加法 1+2=3 One and two are three. 2+3=5 Two plus three equals five. 4+0=4 Four and nought is equal to four. 45+70+152=267 45,70 and 152 added are (or make) 267 the sum (or total) is 267. 演算时的读法： Three and seven are ten; I write(or I write down,or I put down)a nought and carry one. Four and one that I carry are five, and eight make thirteen,and three sixteen;I write down six and carry one. One and one (that I carry) are two; I put down two.The sum (or total, or the result of the addition) is two hundred and sixty. 37,80 and 143 added together, and(or make) 260. (2)Subtraction 减法 9-4=5 Nine minus four equals (or is equal to) five. 15-7=8 Seven from fifteen leaves eight. 23,654-8,175=15,479 8,175 (take or subtracted) from 23,654 leaves 15,479. The difference (or The remainder) is 15,479. Nine from five wont go. 演算时的读法：Nought from nought (leaves) nought. One from one leaves nought (or nothing). Two from three (leaves) one. I cant take (or subtract) five from four; I must borrow ten; five from fourteen leaves nine.The difference (or The remainder) is nine thousand one hundred. 5210 (take or subtracted) from 14,310 leaves 9,100. (3)Multiplication 乘法 10=0 One multiplied by nought equals nought. 11=1 Once one is one. 21=2 Twice one is two. 35=15 Three times five is fifteen 60=0 Multiply six by nothing, and the result is nothing. 演算时的读法: Five times nine (or Nine multiplied by five) are forty-five; I put down five and carry four. Five times seven are thirty-five and four (that I carry) are thirty-nine; I write down nine and carry three. Five times six make thirty and three (that I carry) thirty-three;I put down thirty-three. Eight times nine (or Eight nine) are seven two;I write two and carry seven.Eight sevens make fifty-six and seven are sixty-three. I put down three and carry six. Eight sixes make forty-eight and six fifty-four; I write down fifty-four. I now add the partial results (or products) Five. Two and nine are eleven. Three and three are six and one are seven.Four and three make seven. (4)Division 除法 93=3 Nine divided by three makes (or is equal to) three. 205=4 Five into twenty goes four times. 456723=198余13 23 into 4567 goes 198 times, and 13 remainder. The quoctient is 198, and 13 remainder. 演算时的读法:Fifteen into thirteen wont go; fifteen into one hundred and thirty-eight goes nine times; nine times fifteen are one hundred and threty-five;one hundred and thirty-five from one hundred and thirty-eight leaves three; I bring down seven; fifteen into thirty-seven goes twice; twice fifteen are thirty; thirty from thirty-seven leaves seven. The (exact) quotient is ninety-two, and seven remainder;15 into 1387 goes 92 times, and 7 remainder. 5.Time 时间 1)Hours 钟点 2h.58 = two hours five minutes eight seconds 2小时5分8秒 6.18 = six eighteen 6时18分 8.30 a.m.= eight thirty a.m.ei em 上午8时30分 the 6.05 p.m.train = the six (nought) five p.m.pi:em train 下午6时零5分列车 又二十四小时混合制的写法和读法如下： 0900 = 0 nine hundred (上午)9时 0910 = 0 nine ten (上午)9时10分 1300 = thirteen hundred 13时(下午1时) 1525 = fifteen twenty-five 15时25分(下午3时25分) 2000 = twenty hundred 20时(下午8时) at 5 oc =at five oclock 五点钟 (2)Date 日期 Oct.1 =October first 10月1日 Oct.1st = October the first 10月1日 1st Oct. 1949 = the first of October, nineteen forty-nine 1949年10月1日 3/5 = 英May (the) third 5月3日；美March fifth 3月5日 附注联系日期前置词用on. (3)Year 年份 684 B.C. =Six eighty-four B.C. bi:si: 公元前684年 1960 = nineteen sixty; nineteen hundred and sixty 19- nineteen something 1950s nineteen fifties 二十世纪五十年代 附注联系年份的前置词用in. 6.Numbers 号码 (1)Telephones Numbers电话号码 1023 = one O two three; ten twenty-three 1227 = one double two (or two two) seven 0386 = O three eight six 0096 = double O(or O O )nine six 7000 = seven O double O = seven thousand No.26= Number 26 第26号 Room 201 = Room two O one 第201房间 10 Changan Street = Ten Changan Street 长安街10号 2)Writings 书籍作品 Vol.I = Volume one (or the first volume) 卷一 Chap.II= Chapter two (or the second chapter) 第2章 Page 3 = page Three (or the third page) 第3页 See pp.5-10 = See Pages five to ten 见第5-10页 Act V = Act five (or the fifth act) 第5幕 Hamlet III 1:56 = Hamlet Act Three, Secene One.Line fifty-six 哈姆雷特第3幕第一场第56行 Matt.7:12 = Matthew, Chapter Seven, Verse Twelve 马可福音第七章第12节 Beethoven Op.49 = Beethoven Opus forty-nine 贝多芬作品第49号 4to = quarto 四本开 8vo = octavo 八本开 (3)Other 其他 World War I = World War One 第一次世界大战 World War II = World War Two 第二次世界大战 Charles I= Charles the First 查理一世 Henry V = Henry the Fifth 亨利五世 Mr.- = Mr. Dash; Mr. So-and-so 某某先生 Mr.B - = Mr. B -Esq.,of -= the town of Blank Esquire of Blank University 某大学某某先生 the town f = the town of Blank 某某城 The result of the game was 3-0 比赛结果是三比零。 7.Money 货币 (1)British currency 英币 6d. = six pence 六便士 1/2d. = a halfpenny 半便士 11/2d. = a peney halfpenny or three halfpeny or three halfpence一便士半 1/4d. = a farthing 一个铜元 33/4d.= three pence three farghings 三便士三铜元 1s.6d.(or 1/6) = one (shilling) and six (pence) 一先令六便士 1.18 = (or1.18s.)= one pound eighteen (shillings) 一镑十八先令 1.3s.6d. = one