高一英语必修一语法归纳.doc

_高一英语 必修一 unit1-5一、重点词汇及短语：upset, ignore, calm, concern, wonder, outdoors, purpose, settle, suffer, recover, pack, disagree, dare, grateful, add up, calm.down , have got to , be concerned about, go through, set down, a series of, in order to, at dusk, face to face, no longer/ not.any longer, suffer from, get/ be tired of, pack.up, get along with, fall in love, join in, get sth done, walk the dog, should have done, make.sth/adj., hide away, grow/be crazy about, do with, happen to do sth, take no notice of, have trouble with1. upset adj. 心烦意乱的，不安的（常接about/at/over等介词） eg. He was upset over his wifes illness. vt. 使不安；使心烦（upset, upset）2. ignore vt. 不理睬；忽视（故意装作不理睬）（近义词disregard”看轻，无视，不顾”，指经过考虑后认为不重要） ignorant adj. 没意识到的，不知道的 be ignorant 不知道，没意识到3. calm vt.& vi. （使）平静/镇定 calm()down （使）平静下来/镇定下来 eg. Go somewhere quiet and calm your friend down. adj. 平静的；镇静的；沉着的（近义词quiet, silent, still） calm：平静的，沉着的；指无风浪或人的心情不激动。 quiet：宁静的，安静的；指没有声音、不吵闹或心里没有烦恼、焦虑。 silent：寂静的，沉默的；指不说话或没有声音。 still：静止的，不动的；指（人体等）无运动的。4. concern vt. （使）担忧；涉及；关系到 be concerned about 关心；挂念 eg. Tell your friend that you are concerned about him/her.短语： at concerns关于；as/so far asbe concerned关于，至于；be concerned over/at关心；be concerned with关于，牵涉到；be concerned in和有牵连；be concerned for关心，为担忧 n. 担心，关注，挂念5. wonder vt.&vi. 怀疑，想知道，惊奇，对感到惊讶 n. 惊奇U，奇迹、奇观C 后可接if/whether, 特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句时wonder指“想知道，对有怀疑”，接that引导的宾语从句时wonder指“对感到奇怪”eg. I wonder if/whether he is a university boy. I wonder who he is. We wonder that the little boy is a university boy.短语：wonder about想知道，纳闷；wonder at觉得奇怪6. outdoors adv. 在户外，在野外 n. 户外 outdoor adj. 户外的，野外的7. purpose n. 目的，计划，意图，目标 短语：on purpose故意；with the purpose of带有的目的；for the purpose of为了的目的 eg. Dont hurt your best friend on purpose.8. settle vi. 安家，定居，停留 vt. 使定居，安排，解决，使沉淀，使平静 settle down 定居，专心于，安定下来 settle in 迁入 settled adj. 固定的，稳定的 settler nC. 移民者，殖民者 settlement nC. 定居点，住宅区；nU沉降，解决9. suffer vt. 遭受，忍受，经历 vi. 受之苦，折磨 suffer from 遭受，患病 eg. Mary is suffering from the sadness of her blindness. 近义词：undergo v. 经历，遭受10. recover vt.& vi. 痊愈，恢复，重新获得/找到（强调自我恢复） 近义词： restore 恢复（强调外力使得恢复） eg. Jennie made a great effort to recover herself.recover from 从中复原recovered adj. 痊愈了的 recovery nU. 恢复11. pack vi.& vt. 捆扎，包装，打行李 n. 小包，包裹 a pack of 一包. pack()up （把）打包 packet nC. 一包，一叠 parcel nC. 包裹12. disagree vi. 不同意（反义词：agree） disagree with (sb.)不同意某人的观点disagree to do sth. 不同意去做某事disagreement n. 不同意（反义词：agreement）13. dare “敢于，胆敢” 可做情态动词，也可做实义动词（dare to do sth./dare do sth.） eg. How dare you say that to me? dare sb. to do sth. 估计没胆去做某事eg. I dare you to jump from this wall. 固定搭配：I dare say 我想，大概，可能，或许（常做插入语） eg. I dare say it will rain today.14. grateful adj. 感激的，表示谢意的 be grateful to/towards对表示感激；be grateful for为表示感激be grateful tofor为.而对表示感激 eg. Ill be very grateful to you if you give me an early answer. Im very grateful for all that youve done to us. Im very grateful to you for having helped me so much.15. add up 合计 add v. 添加，增加（近义词：increase），将相加，补充说 add A to B 在B中加入A add up to 合起来为 add to增加，增添（多指抽象意义） addin把加进去，包括16. have got to 不得不，必须（近义词：have to） 两者的区别： 1. have got to的否定形式是havent got to, 疑问句形式have提前；have to的否定形式和疑问句形式是借助助动词do/does/did； 2. have got to不和will，情态动词连用，have to可以。17. go through经历，经受；浏览，查阅；仔细检查；经过 （近义词为suffer, experience） 区别go through和get through 1. get through指通过（考试等），完成，接通电话 2.表示“通过”时，go through不用于被动语态，而get through常用于get sth. through结构中18. set down 记下（write down, put down, take down, note down），放下（put down）,登记19. a series of 一连串的，一系列，一套 a series of+ n.C(pl.)+ v.(三单) series nC. （单复数同型）连续，系列 in series 连续，逐次； in series with 与串联/相连20. in order to do sth.为了做（so as to do sth.） in order not to do sth. 为了不做(so as not to do sth.) in order that目的状语从句（so that） in order to放句首和句中， so as to只放句中21. at dusk 在黄昏时刻22. face to face 面对面地23. no longer/ not.any longer （强调时间）不再（近义词：no more/notany more感情色彩更浓）24. get/ be tired of对厌烦（精神上）（近义词：get/ be sick of） be tired with/from（体力上）对厌倦 近义词：exhausted（语气最强），tiresome令人讨厌的，tired（泛指）25. get along/on with 与相处，在方面进展 eg I can get along well with my classmates. I get along well with my English study. 反义词：have a hard time with, have trouble with have trouble/have a hard time (in) doing sth.26. fall in love (with sb.) (和某人)相爱（强调动作） be in love (with sb.) (和某人)相爱（强调状态）27. join in 参加，加入（聚会、活动等）=take part in join 参加（团体，组织，人群等） attend 参加，出席，到场（会议，班级等） participate 参与（参加某一项活动，常与in搭配） enter 进入（某个空间等）28. get sth done 使被 eg. Please get your hair cut. Ive had it.29. walk the dog遛狗=take the dog for a walk30. should have done本应该做（实际没做） Shouldnt have done 本不应该做（但实际做了）表示对过去的虚拟31. make.sth/adj. 使（宾补） eg. She made her diary her best friend. Rainy days make my sad.32. hide away 藏起来，躲开33. grow/be crazy about 对痴迷/狂热 be crazy to do sth. 疯狂地做某事34. do with 处理，与相关 eg. What do you do with the little puppy?=How do you deal with the little puppy? Ive grown so crazy about everything to do withnature.35. happen to do sth.=do sth. by chance=do sth. by accident 碰巧36. take no notice of=ignore; take notice of=pay attention to=notice二、重点句型：1. Your friend comes to school very upset.adj.作状语，用来补充说明主语your friend来学校时的心情。此处作伴随状语。与副词做状语修饰谓语不同，形容词做状语更多地注重描述主语所处的状态。一般用逗号将其与句子的其余部分隔开，可位于句首、句末或句中，在意义上相当于一个状语从句。2. While walking the dog, you were careless and it 当时间状语从句，让步状语从句或方式状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致时，从句的主语和be动词可以省略。3. She and her family hid away for nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered.段时间+before “在.之后才.”4. I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do（就像大多数人一样地做）as引导的方式状语从句5. Your friend, who doesnt work hard, asks you to help him/her cheat in the exam by looking at your paper. who引导的非限定性定语从句；Make a list of reasons why friends are important to you.Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to定语从句： reasons why+定语从句；a friend whom+定语从句；I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.There was a time when+定语从句；could have done情态动词表对过去的推测；keep sb. done宾补，spellbound是spellbind的过去分词，指“被吸引的，被迷住的”6. So she made her diary her best friend. make sb./ sth.+ n.（宾补）7. I want this diary itself to be my friend. itself做diary的同位语，是it的强调形式。8. I am only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows. piece of material hung to cover a window. 现在分词和过去分词作后置定语，及其区别。8. It was the first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face强调句：It was the first time that+过去完成时9. Its no pleasure looking through these any longerIts no pleasure doing sth.做某事不愉快10. She found it difficult to settle and It做形式宾语，to do sth.做真正的宾语。find it difficult to do sth.类似的动词有think, consider等。11. It was such fun to watch it run 句型It is + n. to do sth。It做形式主语，to do sth,做真正的主语；感官动词watch sb. do sth. 不带to的不定式做宾补。 三、语法：直接引语和间接引语（陈述句和疑问句）1、直接引语：直接引用别人的原话。直接引语通常放在引号内。eg：My mother always says, “You should study hard.”2、间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。间接引语多数用宾语从句来表达。eg：My mother always told me that I should study hard.3、直接引语和间接引语的转换（1）句式的转换陈述句 去逗号和引号，用say that/tell sb.（that也可以省略）接宾语从句；said/told sb.后面的从句要做人称、时态等的变化。Eg: He usually says that, “I am the cleverest in the world.” -He usually says that he is the cleverest in the world.一般疑问句 去逗号和引号，用if/whether接宾语从句，改用陈述语序。从句中要做人称，时态等相应变化。Eg: He asked me, “Will you go with me?”- He asked me if I would go with him.特殊疑问句 去逗号和引号，用特殊疑问词引导宾语从句，改用陈述语序。从句中要做人称，时态等相应变化。Eg: I asked the students, “How many words have you learned?” - I asked the students how many words they had learned.-He asked me to pass him the book.（2）人称的转换 一随主，二随宾，三不变（3）时态的转换 动词的时态：当直接引语表示客观真理或经常性的特点时，转换成间接引语时，保持原来的一般现在时。当主句的谓语动词是现在时态，宾语从句中可以根据实际情况选用不同时态。但是如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语从句做如下调整：一般现在时-一般过去时 一般过去时-过去完成时一般将来时-过去将来时 现在进行时-过去进行时现在完成时-过去完成时 过去完成时-过去完成时记忆口诀： 主现从不限，主过从也过，客观真理永不变。（4）指示代词，时间状语，地点状语和动词的变化 指示代词this-that, thesethose, 时间状语nowthen, todaythat day, tonightthat night, tomorrowthe next day, next weekthe next week, last nightthe night before, yesterdaythe day before, the day before yesterdaytwo days ago, agobefore地点状语 here-there动词的变化comego, bringtake Eg: Doris said to me，“I will go to see you tomorrow and take you a present. ”- Doris said to me she would come to see me the next day and bring me a present.备注：假如当时当地转述，时间、地点状语不变，指示代词不变。四、交际运用：如何友好地表达同意或不同意Attitudes: Are you afraid that./ Ive grown so crazy about. /I didnt dare.Agreement and disagreement：I agree./ I think so./ Exactly./ I dont agree./ I dont think so./ Im afraid not.Certainty:Thats correct./ Of course not.U2 English around the world一、重点词汇voyage, actually, base, gradually, latter, identity, frequent, frequently, command, request, recognize, straight, enrich, fluent, standard, expect, however，because of, come up, at present, make use of, such as, play a part in, more than, go to the pictures, at the end of, than ever before, communicate with, a large number of, Only time will tell. without a second thought, believe it or not, to this day1. voyage nC. 航行，航海 vi. 去航海2. actually adv. 实际上，事实上3. base vt. 以.为根据 n. 基部，基地，基础 be based on以.为基础 eg. Good oral English is based on good pronunciation. basic adj. 基本的，基础的 basically adv. 基本上，根本上4. gradually adv. 逐渐地，逐步地（近义词：little by little） gradual adj. 逐渐的，逐步的5. latter adj. 较后的，后半的，后面的，(两者中)后者的 later adj. 稍后的，待会的 latter强调顺序上靠后的，later强调时间上过会的 the latter 后者（反义词：the former）6. identity n. 本身，本体，身份，个性/特性 identify vt. 识别 identification n. 鉴明，验明 identical adj. 完全相同的，同一的 be identical with/to 和完全相同 eg. The theme of this movie is identical with that of that book.7. frequent adj. 频繁的，常见的frequently adv. 常常，频繁地8. command n.& vt. 命令，指令，掌握 have a command of 对有掌握 command引导宾语从句，从句需用虚拟语气（should do 且should可省略）9. request n. & vt. 请求，要求 request that宾语从句用虚拟语气（should do且should可省略） make (a) request for请求，要求 in great request大众非常需求 on request应的要求request sth. from sb.向某人要某物 at ones request/ at the request of sb. 应的要求 as requested 依照请求 come into request变得缺乏 by request (of) 依照请求，应邀 comply with ones request顺应某人的请求10. recognize vt. 辨认出，承认，公认 eg. Sorry, I didnt recognize you when you wore your sunglasses yesterday. recognizeas 认出是 recognize指“承认”时的固定用法： recognize sb. to be 承认某人是 be recognized as/to be 某人被承认是11. straight adv.直接，挺直；adj.直的，笔直的，正直的 eg. Please go straight, and turn left at the first corner, then youll see a straight street. be straight with 对坦诚12. enrich vt. 使富裕，充实，改善，使肥沃 后接具有抽象含义的一些名词作宾语。13. fluent adj. 流利的，流畅的 Fluently adv. 常常，频繁地14. standard adj. 标准的，模范的（无比较等级） eg. Mary speaks standard English. nC. 标准，水平，规格，规范 eg. This is a book that is a standard of literary excellence.15. expect vt. 预期，期望，指望，预料 adj. expected 预期的，预料的 n. expectation 期望，预料 expect sb. to do sth. 期望某人做某事16. however adv. 可是，但是，然而(转折翻译，一般做插入语，可放句首，句中或句末，常用逗号隔开)（近义词：in spite of this, nevertheless） conj. 不论怎样，无论以何种方式（相当于no matter how）引导让步状语从句17. because of 因为，由于，多亏（近义词：thanks to, due to, owing to）后加名词性短语 because of可用于强调句中：It was because of the job that he had taken the flat. because of后可接what从句，但此时what从句为宾语从句：She got angry because of what her boyfriend had said. because是连词，引导原因状语从句18. come up 走近（draw near, approach），上来，提出，（植物等）长出地面，出现，（太阳）升起 come on出场，进展，加油 come about发生 come up to达到 come out出版，结果是，出来 come across/upon 偶遇，偶然发现 come to恢复知觉，共计，达到 come by经过，获得 come along 加紧，过来come down 下来，倒下，流传下来，病倒come back回来，回忆起，恢复19. at present 现在，目前 present n. 目前，礼物adj. 出席的，在场的，现在的，进行的vt. 赠送，提交，上演，介绍 for the present暂时 up to/till the present直到现在 be present to出现在面前 live in the present适应当下形势 present sb. with sth./ present sth. to sb. 赠送某人某物 There is no time like the present.机不可失，时不再来20. make （good, full/the best/the most, little）use of （好好，充分，未）利用，使用 make use of sth. to do sth.使用某物去做某事 be of great use= be very useful be of no use无用 come into use开始被使用 be in use在使用 be/go out of use不再使用，废弃 put/bringinto use使得到使用 Its no use doing sth. 做某事是无用的 use sth. to do sth/ for doing sth用某物来做某事 be used to do sth./be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事 get/be used to doing sth. 习惯于 be used as 被用作21. such as例如，像这种的（用于列举事物，一般不全部列举。插在被列举事物与前面的名词之间，不与and so on连用） for example例如（用来举例说明，有时可作为插入语放在句中，不影响句子其他部分的语法关系） namely= that is全部列举出来22. play a part in 扮演一个角色，参与= play a role in23. more than 副词短语 当后面加数词时，指“超过”=over 当后面加名词、代词或动词时，指“不仅仅，不只是”= not only eg. Hibernation is more than sleep. Its a deep sleep. not more than“不超过” no more than=only“仅仅”24. go to the pictures去看电影=go to the movies25. at the end of 在之末（做状语、表语及修饰词）当后接时间（一般过去时/一般将来时）（反义词：at the beginning of）；后还可接地点by the end of在最后之前(常常结合完成时来考察)in the end最后，最终（at last，finally），不接of26. than ever before 比以往更（做时间状语）27. communicate with 与交流 communicate也可做为vt. communicate sth. to sb. communication n. 交流28. a large number of 绝大部分（后接可数名词的复数，谓语动词用原型） the number of的数量（后接可数名词的复数，但谓语动词要用三单形式） 修饰可数名词复数的词，表示“许多”： (a good/great) many, quite a few, a large/great/small number of 修饰不可数名词的词，表示“许多”： much, a great deal of, quite a little, an amount of 既可修饰可数名词复数，又可修饰不可数名词，表示“许多”： a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a great quantity of29. Only time will tell 只有时间才可以证明30. without a second thought 不假思索 31. believe it or not ”不论信否” 常作插入语，放在句首32. to this day ”直到现在”，作时间状语二、重点句型1. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they dont speak the same kind of English.even if / even though是conj. 引导让步状从2. English became less like German because those who ruled English spoke first Danish and later French.those who+ 定语从句As we know, British English is a little different from American English.as引导的非限定性定语从句3. It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English asIt is +adj. (for sb) to do sth.与It is +adj. (of sb) to do sth.It作形式主语，to do sth.作真正的主语当形容词表示人的性格，品质等用for,其余情况用of。4. One reason is that English has a large One reason is that + 表语从句5 This is because in the early days of radio those who reported the newsThis is because + 表语从句in the early days 早期（day的另外一个意思为“时期”）6. However, on TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak.the way+(in which/that/省略)+定语从句此处的that是关系副词，定语从句中当that表示方式，时间或地点时，则that可作为关系副词使用。当先行词为the way时，关系副词用in which或者that，并且可以省略。7. Then along comes this catfish bout the size of a house. Then along comes .全倒装full inversion：当地点介词短语提到句首时；当地点副词提到句首时，当方位副词提到句首时；当动词的过去分词作表语或者及其短语，作为形容词提到句首时三、语法：直接引语和间接引语（请求和命令）祈使句（或疑问形式的祈使句）通常改为ask/tell/order+宾语+不定式的简单句。eg. “Open the door.” father said.- Father told me to open the door.“Would you please pass me the book?” he said.-He asked me to pass him the book.四、交际运用How to solve the difficulties in language communication；1. 请求重复法：I beg your pardon? 2. 提出问题法：What do you mean by? 3. 描述释义法： What about her age?4. 总结法：So you mean?How to describe directions；Asking and showing the wayUnit3 Travel journal一【重点词汇】journal: 日记，日志（对于事件、经历等有规律进行的私人记录）diary ；keep a journal 期刊 eg. The doctor is reading the Journal of Medical Science. 辨析：journey, tour, travel, trip, voyageprefer: prefer to do sth， prefer n to nprefer doing to doingprefer to do sth rather than do sth 与其不如= would rather do sth than do sthdisadvantage Cshortcomings反义词:advantage;merit; strong pointsat a disadvantage 处于不利的地位take advantage of 乘机利用， 利用别人的弱点占便宜have an advantage over 胜过, 优于altitude: at an altitude of 海拔在 longitudeattitude to/towards/to 对的态度姿势，姿态 eg.He remained standing in a listening attitude. 他一直在那儿做倾听状。eg. He received the guests with a respectful attitude. 他以恭敬的姿态接待客人。用in 表式静态，用with表动态to ones advantage(=to the advantage sb.) 对.有利cycle n. 循环, 周期; 自行车, 摩托车vi骑自行摩托车cycle to work / school walk to work / schoolrecycle vt /vi. 回收利用; 再循环recyclable adj可循环再用的non-recyclable adj 不可循环再用的persuade sb to do sth = persuade sb into doing sthpersuade sb not to do sth = persuade sb out of doing sthadvise sb to dograduate from 从毕业（短暂性动词）after graduation 毕业后 a graduate student 研究生undergraduate student ;大学本科生care about表示在乎，常用于否定句；care for表示关心，喜爱，常用于肯定句。take care of照顾 take care 小心，保重determine to do sth / determine on,upon sth 决定某事be determined(a.坚定的，坚决的) to do sth决心做某事 a determined look反义词：hesitatepersuade v. 说服；劝服persuade sb. 说服某人persuade sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事persuade sb. not to do sth. 说服某人不要做某事I persuade him to keep away from the net bar.make up ones mind 下决心make up 编造；讲和；化装, 打扮；组成, 构成make it 及时赶到, 办成功; 达到目的;make room for 为. 让地方make out 辨认出，理解make money 挣钱make sense 讲得通，言之有理make a living 谋生；维持生活make a mistake / mistakes 弄错；犯错误make fun of 取笑make ones way 前进；行进make sure 查明；弄确实；务使；确信12. give in 屈服，让步give away赠送; 赠予; 颁发;分发；泄露, 出卖give back 归还；送回give out 分发；耗尽， 用完give up 放弃give off发出; 放出; 散发出; 放射出二 【重点句型】Choose a place you want to visit.(P17. 2. L1)choose-chose-chos