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定语从句:在复合句中作定语用修饰句子中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。定语从句功能及位置功能:定语从句相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语。 位置:定语从句置于被修饰词之后。 定语从句的位置:放在名词或代词的后面。如:The man who has an umbrella in his hand is my uncle. (手上抓了一把雨伞的人是我的叔叔。) 语法术语的改变:被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词;引导定语从句的连接词称为关系词,其中that、which、who称为关系代词,where、when、how称为关系副词。 关系代词或关系副词的作用:关系代词who、whom 和whose指人,分别在从句中作主语、宾语和定语。which指物that多指物, 有时也指人,它们在从句中可以作主语或宾语。定语从句中关系代词作从句宾语时可以省略。This is the thief (that/who/whom) we have been looking for these days. (这个就是我们近日一直在找的小偷。) / Please find a room which is big enough for all of us to live in. (请找一间足够大能住下我们全体的房间。)关系副词when或where引导定语从句时,它们在从句中分别作时间状语和地点状语。如:This is the room where they had a quarrel a week ago. (这是一个星期前他们吵架的房间。) / I can never forget the day when I first saw you. (我永远不会忘记第一次见到你的日子。) 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句在句中不能省略,否则主句意思就不完整。非限制性定语从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开,这种从句是一种附加说明,如果从句子中省去,也不致于影响主句的意思。如:She spent the whole evening talking about her latest book, which none of us had heard of. (她一个晚上都在谈论她最近的书,我们一个人都没有听说过那本书。)注解1、关系代词只能用that的情况:当先行词是指事物的不定代词(all, anything等),或先行词部分含有最高级,或含有序数词时,不能用其他的关系代词,只能用that. 如:All that Lily told me seems untrue. (Lily告诉我的话似乎不真实。) / Can you give me anything that has no sugar inside? (能不能给我点里面没有糖的东西?) / This is the first two-story bus that runs in our city. (这是第一辆运行于我市的双层公交车。) 2、关系代词在从句中作主语时一般用who(指人)、that(指物),而不用that指人或用which指物。 如:Do you know the woman who is weeping in the corner? (你认识那个在角落里哭泣的女人吗?) / Do not tell me any words that have nothing to do with me. (跟我无关的话,请一个字也不要说。)3、关系代词作从句的宾语时,常用which或whom,较少使用that或who,而且,关系代词常常省略。如:Toms father was the first parent whom our teacher talked to. (Tom的父亲是我们老师第一个谈话的人。) 4、当关系代词紧跟在介词后面时,必须用which或whom,而当介词移到句尾时,则又可以使用that或who. 如:This is the room in which Miss Li once lived. (= This is the room Miss Li once lived in.) (这是李小姐曾经居住过的房间。)(5) 主语从句:在句子中充当句子主语的从句叫主语从句。位于谓语动词之前。通常由that,whether以及疑问连词引导。一般情况下,常用it替代主语从句,而将主语从句移到句尾。如:When we should start is still a question. (我们该在什么时候开始还是个问题呢。) 关系代词引导的定语从句举例关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1,who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,who作主语指人,whom作宾语指人,that既可作主语又可作宾语(作宾语可以省略),可以指人也可以指物。在从句中所起作用如下: (1) Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) (2) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语) (3)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher 你刚刚说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师 2,Whose 用来指人或物(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换,指人的时候也可以用of whom 代替) (1) They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。 (2) Please pass me the book whose color (the color of which) is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 (3) The man whose son is a doctor is our professor. 那个儿子是医生的男人是我们的教授。 3,which, that它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,作宾语时可以省略,例如: (1)Prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在从句中作主语) (2) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿那个包裹快要散开了。(which / that在从句中作宾语) 4,as as 可以做主语,也可以作宾语,作宾语时一般不省略,指人或者物。常与such as,the same as等短语连用。 5,as与which的区别 as可以放在句首,而which不行 as表示主观,which表示客观事实 as引导非限制性定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句when指时间在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用 (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school. (2) The time when we got together finally came. where指地点在定语从句中做地点状语 (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born. (2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down. why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语 (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. (2) I dont know the reason why he looks unhappy today. 注意:关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换 (1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear, (2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. 先行词和关系词1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.(Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替) 2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (what 可以用all that代替) 但这两句句子已经不是定语从句了,是名词性从句。因为定语从句一定要有先行词,而名词性从句没有。将“Whoever”、“what”分别用“Anyone who”、“all that”代替后,才是定语从句,先行词分别是“Anyone”、“all”。 由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首,which在句中。 As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 典型例题 1)Alice received an invitation from her boss, _came as a surprise. A. itB. thatC. whichD. he 2)The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it 3)It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the park. A. thatB. whichC. asD. it as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点: (1) as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可。 (2) as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。 As 的用法例 11. the same as;suchas 中的as 是一种固定结构, 和一样。 I have got into the same trouble as he (has). 例2. as可引导非限制性从句,常带有正如。 As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. As is known, smoking is harmful to ones health. As是关系代词。例1中的as作know的宾语; 例2中,它充当从句的主语,谓语动词know要用被动式。 一、“as / which” 特殊定语从句的先行成分 1. 形容词或形容词短语作先行成分, 具有形容词意义的介词短语也可以充当先行成分,如: My grandmothers house was always of great importance to me, as my own is. 在一定的语言环境里,有些名词可以具有形容词的性质。这些名词主要是那些表示人的身份、职业、状态的名词。值得一提的是,在这些具有形容词性质的名词之后,引导定语从句的关系代词不能用who / whom. 2. 动词短语先行成分。 这种动词短语既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是动态动词短语,它们在从句中就一般有限定或非限定形式的替代动词do和as / which一起代替。do可以出现,也可以不出现,但不能用其它动词代替。 3. 句子作先行成分。 这句子可以是整个主句也可以只是主句中的一个从句。有时是连续几个句子,有时甚至可以是一个完整的故事。 二、“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置 由于先行成分的构成成分不同,“as/which”特殊定语从句在句中的位置有以下几种情况: 1. 形容词做先行成分时:形容词或形容词短语(含具有形容词性质的名词)作先行成分,“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。 2. 动词短语作先行成分时:动词短语作先行成分时,“as / which”特殊定语从句置于先行成分之后。但是,当从句中含有表示主观意志的插入成分时,“as”特殊定语从句可以移至句子之首。 3. 句子作先行成分时:“as”特殊定语从句的位置较灵活,可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后。但如果先行成分是直接引语,“as”特殊定语从句多在先行成分之前。如果先行成分是否定句,“as”特殊定语从句与否定词的相对位置不同可以使它产生不同的意义。由于“as”特殊定语从句具有这一特点,所以有时它的位置不能随便移动。在非正式的文体里,“which”特殊定语从句可以出现在先行成分之中。 三、“as/which”特殊定语从句的语义功能 一般说来,as与which的语义功能相同,可以相互替换。但先行成分为句子时,它们的语义功能则有差异。 1. 表示结果 表示结果的特殊定语从句与其先行成分之间存在着一定的因果关系,从句中往往使用有结果意义的词,如动词result, make, enable, cause和形容词interesting, surprising, delightful, disgraceful等。 2. 表示评注 表示评注的特殊定语从句对其先行成分所述事实的正确性有肯定的倾向,它通常与那些表示客观事实,普遍真理或某种习性的先行成分连用;从句中则常用一些表示“合乎自然规律”、“众所周知”或“经常发生”等意义的词语,如natural, known to all, usual等。 3. 有无状语意义 “as”特殊定语从句具有状语意义(主要是方式状语意义),而“which”特殊定语从句则无状语意义。“as”特殊定语从句的状语意义要求它在语义上与其先行成分的语义保持一致,“which”特殊定语从句则不受这种限制。 四、关系代词as与which的句法功能 1. as / which 在特殊定语从句中作主语。 as作主语时,谓语动词常为连系动词(主要是be, seem),主语补语为usual、 a rule、 a matter of fact等时,系动词be习惯经常省略。行为动词作“as”特殊定语从句的谓语时一般用于被动语态(其中助动词be常略),不及物的行为动词在“as”特殊定语从句中作谓语的极少,常见的有happen一词。如: Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference. Which作主语时,谓语动词不限,主动被动皆可,只是谓语动词为被动语态时助动词be省略。 2. as和which都可以在特殊定语从句中宾语。 3. as和 which在特殊定语从句中作补语。如: We thought him a gentleman, as/which he could never be. “as”特殊定语从句中可以主谓倒装,“which”从句中则不能主谓倒装。 如果先行成分不是主语补语或宾语补语,关系代词用which而不用as。如: He talked like a native, which/as he hardly was. 4. which在特殊从定语句中作定语。 which可以在特殊定语从句中作定语,修饰fact, matter, thing 等名词。这些名词代表先行成分表达的意义,有时将其略去句义仍然完整。as不能作定语。如: I was told to go not by train but bus, which advice I followed.状语从句 1状语从句的种类 用来修饰谓语动词、其它动词、定语、状语或整个句子的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句可分为: 1.时间状语从句;(adverbial clause of time) 2.地点状语从句;(adverbial clause of place) 3.原因状语从句;(adverbial clause of cause) 4.条件状语从句;(adverbial clause of condition) 5.目的状语从句;(adverbial clause of purpose) 6.让步状语从句;(adverbial clause of concession) 7.比较状语从句;(adverbial clause of comparison) 8.程度状语从句;(adverbial clause of degree) 9.方式状语从句;(adverbial clause of manner) 10.结果状语从句。(adverbial clause of result) 2状语从句的时态特点 一般情况下,时间和条件状语从句的谓语动词一般用“一般现在时”表示“一般将来时”,用“现在完成时”表示“将来完成时”。例如: I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我一到北京就给你打电话。(这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句,从句中的谓语动词arrive是一般现在时,表示一般将来时,决不可用will arrive) As soon as I have finished this work, I will go home. 我一完成此工作,就回家。(从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时have finished,表示将来完成时,决不可用will have finished) If he comes back, please let me know.如果他回来了,请通知我。(从句中的谓语动词用comes back,表示一般将来时,决不可用will come back) 二 时间状语从句 3时间状语从句(adverbial clause of time) 1.由when, while, as引导的时间状语从句。例如: When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.当你以为自己一无所知的时候,你就是在开始知道一些事物了。 When truth is buried under the ground it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with it.当真理被埋在地下的时候,它在生长,它感到压抑,它蓄存着这么一种爆炸性力量,一旦冒出,它就会炸破一切! Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 Will you watch my clothes while I have a swim. 我游泳的时候,请你照看一下我的衣服。 You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it. 当你的手在空气中挥动的时候,你就能感觉到空气在流动。 Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.我们的校长边谈边笑。 【区别】when, while和as的区别:when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。例如: When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时,我在吃饭。(瞬时动词) When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当的住在农村时,我常常为他担水。(延续性的动词) We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开,就在那时他进来了。 While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如: While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词,was reading和was watching同时发生) I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球。(对比) As表示“一边一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后。例如: We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。(as表示“一边一边”) As we was going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时,开始下雪了。(as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生,而不强调开始下雪的特定时间) 2.由before和after引导的时间状语从句。注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语,并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后,有时译成“就,才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时,从句总是用现在时;如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时,则主句动词多用过去完成时,这样以便体现动作发生的先后。After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。例如: It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。 Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。 My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。 They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。 After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后,告诉我你是怎样决定的。 After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后,我们回家了。(从句用过去完成时,主句用一般过去时) 3.由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换,但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是:如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时,必须用否定形式;如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时,用肯定或否定形式都可以,但表达的意思不同。例如: I didnt go to bed until(till) my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。 It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。 I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。 I didnt work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。 Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。 4.由since引导的时间状语从句。 since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词,又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下,从句谓语动词用一般过去时,而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is 时间since从句的句型中,主句多用一般现在时。例如: I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来,我一直在北京了。 Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后,你到哪里去了? It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。 It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。 5.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引导的时间状语从句。这些连词都表示“一就”。例如: I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭,我立即到那里去。 The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息,马上赶到了出事地点。 As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大,就给你来电话。 【注意】hardly(scarcely, rarely)when / before, no soonerthan相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时,主句应用倒装语序。例如: He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家,就被邀请开始另一旅程。 No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起,他就起床劳动去了。 Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下,他就进来了。 He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。 6.由by the time引导的时间状语从句。注意时态的变化:在一般情况下,如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时,主句的谓语动词用过去完成时;如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时,主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。例如: By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时,我已经写完这本书了。 By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候,我将已经完成此工作了。 7.由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句。例如: Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次来哈尔滨,总是来看我。 Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that hes about to tell a lie.每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候,我猜想他就要说谎了。 You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你,见你更年轻了。 8.由as long as和so long as引导的时间状语从句。这两个连词表示“有多久就多久”。例如: You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. 你可以随意到哪里去,只要在天黑以前回来就行。 I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body! 只要我一息尚存,我就要反对这种境况。 三 地点状语从句 4地点状语从句 (adverbial clause of place) 地点状语从句一般由连接副词where, wherever等引导,已经形成了固定的句型,例如: 句型1:Where地点从句,(there)主句。 【注意】此句型通常译成“哪里哪里就”;主句在从句后面时,there可用可不用;如果主句在从句的前面时,一般都不用there。例如: Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.在没有雨水的地方,耕作是困难的,或根本不可能的。 They were good persons. Where they went, there they were warmly welcomed. 他们都是好人。因此他们走到哪里都受到热烈欢迎。 You should have put the book where you found it. 你本来应该把书放回原来的地方。 Where the Communist Party of China goes, there the people are liberated.哪里有了中国共产党,哪里人民得解放。 句型2:Anywhere/ wherever地点从句,主句。 【注意】anywhere本身是个副词,但是,常可以引导从句,相当于连词,意思相似于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后。 而wherever本身就是个连词,表示“在何处,无论何处”。例如: Wherever the sea is , you will find seamen.有海就有海员。 sothat We turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news. 我们把收音机的音量放大,大家都听到了新闻。 He was so excited that he couldnt say a word. 他十分激动,以致一句话都说不出来。 so that前有逗号为结果状语从句。 sothat的so后面跟形容词或副词。 suchthat He gave such important reasons that he was excused.他说出了这么重要的理由,得到大家的谅解。 It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it. It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it. 这是一本十分有意思的书,大家都想看。 suchthat的such后面跟名词,如果名词是单数就要用such a /anthat还可以转换用sothat,语气较强 在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。1语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句,宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序,即“主句连词宾语从句(主语谓语)”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分,可分为以下四种:1)连接词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有: who,what,which等。如:Could you tell me who knows the answer,please?你能告诉我谁知道答案吗?The small children dont know what is in their stockings这些小孩子不知道袜子里有什么东西?2)连接词名词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有:whose,what,which,how many,how much等。如:He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class他问我们班上谁的书法最好。The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room老师问我们房间里有多少人。3)连接词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有:who(m),what,which,how many,how much, when,why,how,where,if whether(在句中不充当任何成分)等。如:He hasnt decided if hell go on a trip to Wuxi他还没决定是否去无锡旅行。Could you tell me what I should do with the money ?你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗?4)连接词名词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有:what,which,how many,how much,how等。如:Do you know which class he is in ?你知道他在哪个班吗?She asked me if I knew whose pen it was她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。2连接词1)当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如:He said that he could finish his work before supper他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。2)当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。如:I dont know if whether he still lives here after so many years我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。但在下列情况下只能用whether:在具有选择意义,又有or或or not时,尤其是直接与or not连用时,往往用whether(ifor not也可以使用)。如:Let me know whether if he will come or not(Let me know whether or not he will come)让我知道他是否能来。I dont know whether if he does any washing or not(I dont know whether or not he does any washing)我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether wego我不知道我们是去还是留。在介词之后用whether。如:Im interested in whether he likes English我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。I worry about whether I hurt her feelings我担心是否伤了她的感情。在不定式前用whether。如:He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。I dont know whether to go我不知去否。He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by train他还未决定是乘公共汽车去还是坐火车去。whether置于句首时,不能换用if。如:Whether this is true or not,I cant say这是否真的我说不上来。引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如:Whether she will come or not is still a question她是否能来还是个问题。The question is whether we can catch the bus问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。若用if会引起歧义时,则用whether。如:Please let me know if you like the book可理解为:aPlease let me know whether you like the book请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。bIf you like the book,please let me know你如果喜欢这本书,请告诉我。3)如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如:Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning?你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗?3时态含宾语从句的复合句,主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容:1)如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,从句的谓语动词可根据需要,选用相应的任何时态。如:I dont know when he will come back我不知道他将何时回来。He tells me that his sister came back yesterday他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。2)如果主句的谓语动词是过去时,宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要,选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如:The children didnt know who he was孩子们不知道他是谁。He asked his father how it happened他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。3)如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等,不管主句用什么时态,从句时态都用一般现在时。如:The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun老师说地球绕着太阳转。4注意:if和when既可以引导宾语从句,也可以引导状语从句,应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时,分别意为“是否”和“何时”,其时态应和主句时态相呼应;它们引导状语从句时,意思分别为“如果,假如”和“当时候”,当主句时态是一般将来时时,其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。如:Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ?你知道他明天什么时候回来吗?Sorry,I dont knowWhen he comes back,Ill tell you对不起,不知道。当他回来了,我将告诉你。I dont know if he will come我不知道他是否会来。He will come if it doesnt rain如果不下雨,他会来的。 习题(一)1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them.A. took B. take C. takes D. will take2 Cather

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