山西省平遥中学2018_2019学年高二英语上学期期中试题（含解析）.docx

2018-2019学年度第一学期高二期中考试英语试题（文理科）本试卷满分150分 考试时间100分钟第一部分 听力（略）第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分60分）第一节(共15小题;每小题3分，满分45分)根据下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AA lot of kids have dreams they will never achieve due to the limitations of their little bodies. They want to fly, or to become a dinosaur, or to learn how to shoot webs out of their fingers like Spiderman.Luka Tavcar, 12, has muscular dystrophy(萎缩) and is totally dependent on his wheelchair. Nevertheless, late last year, he had an inspired plan: to be photographed walking around and having fun.He approached Matej Peljhan, an amateur photographer and a psychologist at CIRIUS rehabilitation(康复) center near Ljubljana, Slovenia, where Luka is a patient.At first, Peljhan was perplexed. How could he photograph a boy who can not move or act in motion? “Luka wanted to see himself playing and having fun, but it seemed impossible,” he says.Then Peljhan had a brainstorm: Luka could lie down on a piece of cloth and, with the help of an assistant, Peljhan would pose the boy as if he were jumping, climbing stairs, moving downhill on a skateboard, and playing basketball. Then Peljhan would shoot these images from above. The photos took about a month to produce; all were shot early this year.Peljhan, who lost his right arm and left eye as a child, says his disabilities motivated him to make the photographs. “I understand people with limitations,” he says.He named the series the little Prince after the French story by Antoine de Saint-Exupery in which a boy teaches a man about trust, hope and friendship. Luka loves the photos.Peljhan himself understands what it is like to live with limitations- he lost his right arm and left eye as a child. “He wants to stay positive,” the photographer explains. “Lukas imagination helps him forget his phisical limitation”, says Peljhan. “Hes fragile, but he can see the world differently.”1. What does the underlined word “perplexed” in paragraph 4 mean?A. Confused.B. Annoyed.C. Confident.D. Disappointed.2. What drove Peljhan to take pictures of Luka?A. The payment Luka offered.B. Lukas strong determination.C. His own phisical limitations.D. The friendship between the two.3. According to the passage the pictures .A. make Luka feel sadB. make Luka stay positiveC. encourage Luka to do exerciseD. interest Luka in photographing【答案】1. A 2. C 3. B【解析】本文属于记叙文阅读，作者通过这篇文章向我们介绍了Peljhan通过让Luka在地面上躺着，为他摆姿势的方式来为这个不能行动的男孩拍照。【1题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章第四段At first, Peljhan was perplexed. How could he photograph a boy who can not move or act in motion?根据其反问可知，他不知道怎么拍摄一个不能行动的男孩，可以推测起初Peljhan很困惑。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第六段Peljhan, who lost his right arm and left eye as a child, says his disabilities motivated him to make the photographs. “I understand people with limitations,” he says.可知Peljhan是因为自己同样有残疾缺陷，从而激发他拍照片。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段Peljhan himself understands what it is like to live with limitations- he lost his right arm and left eye as a child. “He wants to stay positive,” the photographer explains. “Lukas imagination helps him forget his phisical limitation”, says Peljhan. “Hes fragile, but he can see the world differently.”可知，Peljhan自己明白缺陷是什么滋味，Luke想要自己积极乐观，想象力能够让Luka忘记自己的身体缺陷，尽管他是脆弱的，但是他看待世界是不同的，因此推断拍照让保持积极乐观。故选B。BOne morning more than thirty years ago, I entered the Track Kitchen, a restaurant where everyone from the humblest(卑微的) to the most powerful came for breakfast. I noticed an empty chair next to an elderly, unshaven man, who looked somewhat disheveled. He was wearing a worn-out hat and was alone. I asked if I might join him. He agreed quietly and I sat down to have my breakfast.We cautiously began a conversation and spoke about a wide range of things. We never introduced ourselves. I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat. So as I rose to go back to the counter and buy a second cup of coffee, I asked,“May I get you something ?”“A coffee would be nice.”Then I bought him a cup of coffee, We talked more, and he accepted another cup of coffee, Finally, I rose to leave, wished him well, and headed for the exit. At the door I met one of my friends. He asked,“How did you get to know Mr. Galbreath?”“Who?”“The man you were sitting with. He is chairman of the Board of Churchill Downs.”I could hardly believe it. I was buying, offering a free breakfast, and feeling pity for one of the worlds richest and most powerful men!My few minutes with Mr. Galbreath changed my life. Now I try to treat everyone with respect, no matter who I think they are, and to meet another human being with kindness and sincerity.4. What does the underlined word “disheveled” mean?A. UnfriendlyB. UntidyC. GentleD. Kind5. The author bought coffee for the old man becauseA. he thought the old man was poor.B. he wanted to start a conversation.C. he intended to show his politeness.D. he would like to thank the old man.6. How did the author probably feel after he talked with his friend?A. ProudB. PitifulC. AstonishedD. Regretful7. What is the message mainly expressed in the story?A. We should learn to be generous.B. It is honorable to help those in need.C. People in high positions are not like what we expect.D. We should avoid judging people by their appearances.【答案】4. B 5. A 6. C 7. D【解析】试题分析:本文属于故事类文章，讲述作者在餐厅与一个看似穷酸的人就餐期间的对话的经历，结果这个穷人却是最富有的人，最后得出要尊重每一个人的道理。【4题详解】A 考察猜测词义。根据该句前半部分I noticed am empty chair next to an elderly, unshaven man以及He was wearing a worn-out hat可以得出，这个老人没有刮胡子，帽子破旧，故不整齐，故选A。【5题详解】B 考察细节理解。根据第二段I was concerned that he might have no money and not be able to afford something to eat.可知，作者担心老人没钱支付早餐，故选B。【6题详解】C 考察推理判断。根据倒数第二段I could hardly believe it.可以得出作者的情绪是惊讶的，故选C。【7题详解】D 考察主旨大意。根据最后一段Now I try to treat everyone with respect, no matter who I think they are.可以得出本文的主旨，不要以貌取人。故选D。考点：考察故事类文章阅读。【名师点睛】关于词义猜测题做这种类型的题，要根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。下面结合文本及近几年高考试题，对词义猜测的技巧加以解读。1.根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。例如：It will be very hard but also very brittlethat is, it will break easily.从后面that is(也就是说)的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是“脆”的意思。如文章第28题中的maiden，其实可以根据前文the operator of the original ship.中的original猜出，original是原始的，最初的，所以maiden与其意思相近。2.根据同位关系进行猜测阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或句意进行猜测。例如：The “Chunnel”, a tunnel(隧道) connecting England and France, is now complete.此句中a tunnel connecting England and France是Chunnel的同位语。因此，The “Chunnel”就是英法之间的海底隧道。3.根据构词法(前缀、后缀、复合、派生等)进行猜测在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀，在后面加后缀，从而构成一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握了一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义。例如：“Our parties are aimed for children 2 to 10,” Anaclerio said, “and theyre very interactive and creative in that they built a sense of drama based on a subject.”文中interactive是由前缀inter-(相互的)和active(活动的，活跃的)而构成的，同时根据上下文的意思可以判断，该词的含义应是“互动的”。4.根据转折或对比关系进行猜测根据上下句的连接词，如but, however, otherwise等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。例如：A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.从前后两句的意思可以看出，hassle和a basket of fun肯定是近乎相反的意义。所以不难判断hassle的意思是“困难，麻烦”。CPeople in the United States honor their parents with two special days：Mothers Day, on the second Sunday in May, and Fathers Day, on the third Sunday in June. These days are set aside to show love and respect for parents. They raise their children and educate them to be responsible citizens. They give love and care. These two days make us think about the changing roles of mothers and fathers. More mothers now work outside the home. More fathers must help with child care.These two special days are celebrated in many different ways. On Mothers Day people wear carnations(康乃馨). A red one symbolizes a living mother. A white one shows that the mother is dead. Many people attend religious services to honor parents. It is also a day when people whose parents are dead visit the cemetery(墓地).On these days, families get together at home, as well as in restaurants. They often have outdoor barbecues for Fathers Day. These are days of fun and good feelings and memories.Another tradition is to give cards and gifts. Children make them in school. Many people make their own presents. These are valued more than the ones bought in stores. It is not the value of the gift that is important, but it is “the thought that counts”. Greeting card stores, florists, candy makers, bakeries(烘焙店), telephone companies, and other stores do a lot of business during these holidays.8. Which of the following is NOT a reason for children to show love and respect for parents?A. Parents bring up children.B. Parents give love and care to children.C. Parents educate children to be good persons.D. Parents pass away before children grow up.9. What do you think “florists” do?A. They sell flowers.B. They make and sell bread.C. They offer enough room for having family parties.D. They sell special gifts for Mothers Day and Fathers Day.10. What do you know from the passageA. Mothers Day and Fathers Day are both in May.B. Fewer women worked outside the home in the past.C. Not all the children respect their parents.D. Fathers are not as important as mothers at home.11. On Mothers Day and Fathers Day, .A. people usually have family partiesB. everyone goes to visit the cemeteryC. children always go to parents homeD. hand-made cards are the most valuable gifts【答案】8. D 9. A 10. B 11. A【解析】试题分析: 本文属于说明文，介绍美国人尊敬父母的两个节日，即母亲节和父亲节。【8题详解】D 考察细节理解。根据第一段They raise their children and educate them to be responsible (有责任感的) citizens. They give love and care.可知本题答案为D。【9题详解】A 考察猜测词义。根据该段的主题句Another tradition is to give cards and gifts.以及前后文可知，florist肯定是跟礼物有关的，故选A.【10题详解】B 考察推理判断。根据第一段最后一句More mothers now work outside the home. More fathers must help with child care.可以推断出更多的母亲在外工作，故选B。【11题详解】A 考察推理判断。根据第二段On these days families get together at home, as well as in restaurants. They often have outdoor barbecues for Fathers Day可以推断出，在这两个节日期间，都会家人见面，故选A。而最后一段Many people make their own presents. These are valued more than the ones bought in stores.只提及了自己做的礼物比商店里的更有价值，而不是最有价值，故排除D。考点：考察说明文阅读。【名师点睛】词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。常见的猜词法有：（1）利用上下文语境。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。（2）利用定义或解释性的线索。阅读文章中的有些生词往往在其后会有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子，利用它们猜词义较容易。（3）利用文章的逻辑关系答题。如并列，对比，因果，转折关系等。这些逻辑关系往往通过一些相应的词或短语表达出来，如but, or, however, so, because等。（4）利用构词法知识答题。熟记一些前缀，后缀所表达的意思，不仅可以扩大词汇量，而且帮助我们猜测词义。DBlack Friday-the day after Thanksgiving Day in the United States-signals the beginning of the holiday shopping season. Although its not an official holiday, millions of employers give their employees the day off, and many people use that day to get a jump start on their holiday shopping. A similar day in Canada and the Great Britain is called “Boxing Day”.Black Friday has become a marketing sensation in recent years. Since 2005,it has been the busiest shopping day of the year. To lure shoppers, retailers（零售商）routinely open their doors as early as 4 am and offer special sales and promotions to the shoppers that arrive early. Some of the special deals offered by stores are only available in limited quantities. That is why some shoppers intend on getting the best deals often camp out in front of stores overnight so that they will be the first in line when the doors open.But why Black Friday? Historians believe the name started in Philadelphia in the mid 1960s. Bus drivers and police used “Black Friday” name. In the early 1980s, a more positive explanation of the name began to ciculate. According to this alternative explanation, Black Friday is the day when retailers finally begin to turn a profit for the year. In accounting terms, operating at a loss is called being “in the red” because accountants traditionally used red ink to show negative amounts. Positive amounts were usuallay shown “in black ink”. Thus , being in the black is a good thing because it means stores are operating at a profit.Recently, for those who are too busy to stop on Black Friday, or who just dont want to fight the crowds, the Monday following Black Friday has become known as Cyber Monday for shoppers can take advantage of the comfort of getting many online deals from their homes.12. On Black Friday, the Americans .A. dont have to go to work as usualB. look exactly like the CanadiansC. are usually busy doing shoppingD. stay at home and relax themselves13. The underlined word “lure” in paragraph 2 probably means .A. attractB. protectC. persuadeD. remind14. How do the retailers understand Black Friday?A. It has the same meaning as Boxing Day.B. They usually lose some money on the day.C. It always keeps them very busy all day.D. It probably brings them more money.15. The authors purpose in writing this passage is to .A. state the development of Cyber MondayB. tell the difference between red and blackC. introduce Black Friday to the readersD. explain the meaning of Boxing Day【答案】12. C 13. A 14. D 15. C【解析】本文属于文化类的短文阅读。文章介绍黑色星期五相关的信息和名字的由来，让我们了解了西方文化的特定历史知识和文化习俗等。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段的句子Although its not an official holiday，millions of employers give their employees the day off，and many people use that day to get a jumpstart on their holiday shopping可知，在黑色星期五，美国人经常忙着购物。故选C。【13题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章后面的句子retailers （零售商） routinely open their doors as early as 4 amand offer special sales and promotions to the shoppers that arrive early零售商早上4点就开门，给早到的顾客一些特价打折和促销，可以猜测，lure是吸引的意思。故选A。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段的句子According to this alternative explanation，Black Friday is the day when retailers finally begin to turn a profit for the year可知，零售商认为黑色星期五可以带给他们更多的钱。故选D。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章内容和第一段的句子Black Friday is the Friday following Thanksgiving Day in the United States可知，文章主要给读者介绍黑色星期五。故选C。第二节 (共5小题;每小题3分，满分15分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. _16_The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer. _17_ We slept in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. This brief visit with Mother Nature cost me two days off from work, recovering from a bad case of sunburn and the doctors bill for my sons food poisoning.I was, nevertheless, talked into going on another fun-filled holiday in the wilderness. _18_ Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. My nature-loving friends had remembered to bring all the necessities of life._19_ We have done a lot of it since. Recently, we bought a twenty-eight-foot travel trailer complete with a bathroom and a built-in TV set. There is a separate bedroom, a modern kitchen with a refrigerator. The trailer even has matching carpet and curtains._20_ It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. I recommend that you find your way in style.A. Thistimetherewasnotent.B. Thingsaregoingtobeimproved.C. Thetriptheytookmeonwasaroughone.D. Iwastolearnalotaboutcampingsincethen,however.E. ImustsaythatIhavecertainlycometoenjoycamping.F. After the trip, my family became quite interested in camping.G. There was no shade as the trees were no more than 3 feet tall.【答案】16. D 17. C 18. A 19. F 20. E【解析】本文主要讲述了作者及家人对露营从一无所知到深深喜欢上的故事。【16题详解】语义理解题。由Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insects bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 可知这里意思是然而从那时起，我学习了许多关于露营的事情，选D。【17题详解】语义理解题。由The friends who introduced me to camping thought that it meant to be a pioneer.和We sleep in a tent, cooked over an open fire, and walked a long distance to take the shower and use the bathroom. 可知这里意思是他们给我呈现的这次旅行是非常简陋的一次旅行，选C。【18题详解】语义理解题。由Instead, we had a pop-up camper with comfortable beds and an air conditioner. 可知这里意思是这次没有帐篷，选A。【19题详解】语义理解题。由We have done a lot of it since. 可知这里意思是这次旅行之后，我的家人对露营变得相当感兴趣，选F。【20题详解】语义理解题。由It must be true that sooner or later, everyone finds his or her way back to nature. 可知这里意思是我必须说，我非常喜欢露营，选E。第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分55分）第一节 完形填空（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）阅读下面短文，从短文后个题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。My dad has been driving a truck for almost his entire life.Hes usually_21_all the weekdays and comes home only at weekends.Sometimes he stays_22_for two weeks at a time._23_I dont get to see him as often as I wish, we remain very_24_.My dad is the type of person who doesnt let you_25_up anything that you start.When I was eleven, my father bought me a piano.At first I was so_26_about it that I would spend hours and hours learning how to play.Then it got _27_.I was so tired of it that I asked if I could stop.Much as I tried, he_28_me to go on.Now I have been playing for almost five years.I love it and Im glad I_29_my dads advice.My dad is_30_talented, for he has been playing the guitar for over 20 years.Under his influence, I also like_31_now.Sometimes my dad can be my biggest_32_.He makes me smile even when I lose in a talent show_33_sometimes he can be my biggest critic (批评家). He_34_ignore the small mistakes I make. He encourages me never to lose_35_becau