新课标2020届高考英语一轮复习专题一语法基础考点一冠词.docx

考点一冠词限时25分钟一、用适当的冠词填空，不需要的画“/”1_ tiger is _ dangerous animal答案：The; a句意：老虎是一种危险的动物。第二空表泛指用a；表种类可以用a/an或the，为了避免重复，第一空须用定冠词the表示类指。2Jim, _ student, is studying hard答案：aa student作为同位语使用，表泛指，对Jim进行解释说明。3I dont think the experiment is _ failure At least we have gained _ experience for future success答案：a; /failure表示“失败”的概念时，是不可数名词；表示具体的“失败的人或事物”时，则为可数名词。类似的单词还有：danger, surprise, pleasure, success, honour, difficulty等。experience作“经历”讲时，是可数名词；作“经验”讲时，是不可数名词。4George couldnt remember when he first met Mr Anderson, but he was sure it was _ Sunday because everybody was at _ church答案：a; /句意：乔治不记得他是什么时候初见安德森先生的，但是他确定那是一个星期天，因为大家都在做礼拜。第一空用a表示泛指；at church “做礼拜”，at the church “在教堂”。5Of the two poems, I like the shorter one better I think its really _ most interesting one答案：a该空泛指一首非常有趣的诗。most相当于very，表示“非常”。6Exploring _ space is exciting, yet dangerous答案：/space意为“太空”时是抽象名词，其前不用冠词。7There was _ chair by the window On _ chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms答案：a; the句意：窗户旁边有一把椅子。椅子上坐着一位年轻妇女，怀里抱着一个婴儿。第一空表泛指，故用不定冠词a；第二空指上文提到的那把椅子，应用定冠词the。8All the fellow workers were shocked by the news that Bob was appointed _ director of the factory答案：/句意：所有工友对于鲍勃被任命为工厂主管的这一消息感到很震惊。表职位或官衔的名词作补语时，前面多不带冠词。9I cant tell you _ way to the Wilsons because we dont have _ Wilson here in the village答案：the; a句意：我无法告诉你去往威尔逊家的路，因为我们村子里没有一个叫威尔逊的人。way后面有介词短语作定语，是特指，因此way前应用定冠词；表示人名的专有名词Wilson在此泛指“一个叫威尔逊的人”，所以其前用不定冠词。10Tom is _ taller of the two boys答案：the当用于比较级前表示“两者中较的”时，应用定冠词the。11I fell in love with the city _ first time I came here答案：the句意：我第一次来这里的时候就爱上了这座城市。在序数词first前应用定冠词the。12The man caught the thief by _ arm答案：the句意：那人抓住了小偷的胳膊。“动词sb介词the身体部位”为固定结构，故应填the。13He was born in _ 1990s when his mother worked in a factory答案：the句意：他出生于二十世纪九十年代，那时他的母亲在一家工厂工作。the 1990s “二十世纪九十年代”，在表示世纪、年代的词前应用定冠词the。14Henry pretended not to know me, but in _ fact, we were good friends答案：/in fact是固定短语，意为“事实上，实际上”，应用零冠词。15Mary can play _ violin well, but she cant play _ piano答案：the; the句意：玛丽小提琴拉得好，但她不会弹钢琴。西洋乐器名词与play连用时，名词前应用定冠词the。16Youd better go abroad by _ plane so as to get there earlier答案：/表示交通工具的名词与by连用时，名词前不用冠词。17We have no classes on _ Sunday, so we often go to play _ football答案：/; /句意：我们星期日不上课，因此我们经常去踢足球。表示星期、球类的名词前通常不用冠词。18_ moon travels around _ earth答案：The; the句意：月亮围着地球转。表示世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词the。19Telling Chinese stories well is _ effective way to raise _ influence of Chinese culture答案：an; the句意：讲好中国故事是提高中国文化影响力的有效途径。effective是一个元音音素开头的单词，前面使用an; influence后面有定语of Chinese culture，故特指中国文化的影响力。20In _ era when everyone is from the media, the Internet live broadcast area needs to maintain integrity and become a window into good social trends答案：an句意：在一个每个人都来自媒体的时代，网络直播需要保持它的诚实性和成为一个通向良好社会趋势的窗口。空格后面的era是一个元音音素开头的单词，且此处表泛指，故填an。21You might not hear any gunshot, but the US has started war against China_ biggest trade war in economic history答案：the句意：你可能没有听到枪声，但是美国已经发动了对中国的战争经济史上最大的贸易战。根据后面的形容词最高级可知，前面使用the。22In my opinion, we should head east, though the arrow on the sign points to _ west答案：the方位词east, west, south, north等既可以用作副词也可以用作名词。该句head east结构中， east用作副词，修饰动词head。空格处在介词to之后， west在此用作名词。方位名词前通常用定冠词the。23Janes grandmother had wanted to write _ childrens book for many years, but one thing or another always got in _ way答案：a; the句意：多年来，简的奶奶想写一本有关儿童的书，但总是被这样或那样的事情阻碍了。第一空使用不定冠词表泛指，第二空in the way是固定搭配，意为“挡道”或“阻碍”。24Last weekend I went fishing with _ Smiths We had a good time答案：the句意：上周末，我和史密斯夫妇去钓鱼了。我们玩得很高兴。姓氏的复数之前用定冠词the表示一家人或夫妇俩。25The website asks visitors to join in the movement to reduce _ number of illiterate people in the world答案：the句意： 该网站请求网站的访问者参加这项活动以减少世界上文盲的数量。the number of意为“的数量”。26Many Internet users make _ most of the halfprice promotion and it is a good opportunity for online shopkeepers to get their names known 答案：the句意：许多网络用户会最大限度地利用半价销售活动，并且这对于网络商家来说也是一次让他们的店铺出名的好机会。 make the most of “充分利用”，为固定搭配。27Studies in China have shown that a person who can write well should have _ good knowledge of between 3,000 and 4,000 characters答案：a句意：在中国的研究证明一个能够写得好的人，应当熟练地掌握3,000到4,000个汉字。have a good knowledge of “精通，熟练掌握”，为固定搭配。28The more learned a man is, _ more modest he usually becomes 答案：the“the比较级 ，the比较级 ”为固定结构，表示 “越，越”。29Mr Smith asked you to repeat _ phone number _ second time so that he could set it down 答案：the; a第一空特指双方都知道的东西，要用定冠词the；第二空表示“再一次”，要用a second time。30The Spring Festival is _ special holiday for most Chinese when the whole family will get together 答案：a句意： 春节对于大多数中国人来说是个特殊的节日，那时全家人会聚在一起。 holiday作“假日，节日”讲时是可数名词，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词a。二、单句改错1Miss Zhang teaches the physics to all the students from different grades in the school _答案：去掉第一个the此处physics “物理”，是一个表学科的名词，前面不用冠词。2I have learned it for almost half month _答案：half后加a此处表示“半个月”应该使用half a month。3It is not rare in 1990s that people in their fifties are going to university for further education_答案：1990s前加the在表示世纪、年代的词前要加定冠词the。4The building was set up in a September of 1990_答案：athe此处特指1990年的9月，故应用定冠词the。5A beggar though Bob is, he is generous to the poor_答案：A beggarBeggar当though/as引导让步状语从句且从句中的表语前置时，如果表语是单数可数名词，前面的冠词要省去。6On the Earth Day, my classmates and I decided to do something for our school _答案：去掉theEarth Day是一个节日名词，前面通常不加冠词。少数节日前面加the，如农历八月十五中秋节(the MidAutumn Festival)，农历九月初九重阳节(the Double Ninth Festival)。7This is a most interesting film that I have ever seen_答案：athe根据句意可知，此处表示“我看过的最有趣的电影”。“themost多音节形容词(名词)”为多音节形容词的最高级形式，表示“最”。8We had wonderful supper in a small Indian place_答案：wonderful前加a表示三餐的名词前一般不用冠词，但是当表示三餐的名词前有修饰语时，前面需加不定冠词。9We can use the library around a clock since it opens 365 days a year and 24 hours a day _答案：第一个athe此处around the clock “昼夜不停”，是一个固定词组。10Apples are sold by the weight and coal is sold by the ton_答案：去掉第一个thethe常用于表时间或度量单位的名词前，如：by the hour/day/week/month/year/dozen/yard/ton/kilo，但是size/weight/time这类名词跟by连用时不加冠词。11At that time, I was having a trouble studying English and my scores fell _答案：去掉a此处have trouble (in) doing sth “做某事有困难”，是一个固定词组。12I have been a English guide for two years after graduation _答案：aan此处English是一个元音音素开头的单词，故将a改为an。13The classroom is on fourth floor_答案：fourth前加the序数词前加定冠词the表示“第几”。14Remember you only have one chance, that is, you will never get the second one _答案：thea此处a用在序数词前面表示“又一，再一”的意思。15The secondhand car is still in a good condition_答案：去掉ain good condition “状况良好”，为固定搭配，中间不用冠词。不定冠词和定冠词一、不定冠词的用法1不定冠词后面的单词的发音是以辅音音素开头时，不定冠词用a。例如：a student, a European country。而不定冠词后面的单词的发音是以元音音素开头时，不定冠词用an。例如：an apple, an honest boy。2表类别或泛指。A child needs not only food and clothes, but love as well3当抽象名词表示具体的人或事物时(即抽象名词具体化)，前面用不定冠词。The party held last weekend was a great success4表示“一”或“每一”概念。Tom drives his car at 60 miles an hour5表示不明身份或说话人不清楚的人或事物。常译作“一个叫的人/物”。A Smith called you just now6不表示比较意义的形容词最高级前可用不定冠词。 Hiking is a most interesting outdoor activity7不表示顺序而是表示“又一，再一”的序数词前用不定冠词。They have a second house in the country8knowledge/grasp/command/collection/understanding等抽象名词后接of 时，前面用不定冠词。He has a good knowledge of English9独一无二的事物前有修饰成分时可用不定冠词。a full moon一轮满月a brandnew world一个崭新的世界10表示三餐、星期、月份、季节等的名词前有形容词修饰或表示特定含义时前用不定冠词。 I remember it was on a rainy Monday that he left his hometown11不定冠词的特殊位置：不定冠词与such/what连用时，习惯上置于它们之后；当一个单数可数名词前有rather/quite修饰时，不定冠词习惯上放在这些词之后。I never meet such a kind teacher like herIt was rather a success二、定冠词的用法1特指双方都知道的或上文中提到的人或物。What a pity that you couldnt be there to receive the prize!2用在形容词或分词前，表一类人或物。 Many of the injured are still in a serious condition3用在姓氏名词的复数形式前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。I paid a visit to the Turners last week4用在方位名词、西洋乐器名词和宇宙中独一无二的事物前。the east东部play the piano弹钢琴the universe宇宙the moon月亮5用在序数词、比较级(两者相比较，表示特指的时候)、最高级和形容词only, very (恰好的), same前。Its the first time that I have been to China Which story is the more interesting of the two? We were the only people there6用于固定结构“动词sb介词the身体部位”中。hit sb in the face/on the nose 打某人的脸/鼻子7用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。 The foreigners who come to China all want to travel to the Great Wall8用在表示世纪、年代的词前。The book was published in the 1980s9the用于表示时间或度量单位的名词前，如：by the hour/day/week/month/year/dozen/yard/ton/kilo，但是size/weight/time这些名词跟by连用时不加冠词。Workers are usually paid by_the_hourThese goods are sold by_weight10用在江、河、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、沙漠等地理名词前。The Yangtze River is what I want to visit most定冠词用法口诀特指、熟悉和重提，复数姓氏、最高级；独一无二和年代，序数词、方位和乐器；普通名词专有化，固定结构要牢记。三、含有冠词的某些固定短语make the best/most of 充分利用by the way 顺便说一下in the way 挡道on the spot 在现场on the whole 总的来说all of a sudden 突然for the time being 暂时in a word 总而言之do sb a favour 帮某人一个忙in a low voice 低声地in a hurry 匆忙限时25分钟一、用适当的冠词填空，不需要的画“/”1(2018全国卷)Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent答案：the根据后面的“past 25 years”可知，是在过去的25年的时间内，属于特指的时间，故填the。2(2019广东省高三“六校联盟”第一次联考)To her amazement, her son was grateful for her willingness to call and offered _ apology of his own答案：an此处空格后面的apology属于读音是以元音音素开头的单词，根据语境，强调给予他个人的道歉，故使用an。3(2018全国卷)We may think were _ culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new答案：aa culture泛指一种文化。4(2018全国卷)Many of us love July because its _ month when natures berries and stone fruits are in abundance答案：the后面的when引导定语从句，修饰前面的先行词month，属于特指的一个月份。5(2018北京高考)When I started running in my 30s, I realized running was _ battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic 答案：a句意：当我30多岁开始跑步的时候，我意识到跑步是一场对抗自己的战役，不是一场竞争，与我是否健壮也没多大关系。此处a表示“一场，一次”，具有数量的意思。6(2018天津高考)Relearning _ art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits答案：the句意：重新学习观察我们周围世界的艺术非常简单，尽管这需要练习并要求改掉一些旧习惯。特指“的艺术”，故使用the。 7(2018浙江高考)They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use _ same reusable bags for years答案：the根据空格后面的same可知，前面使用定冠词the。8(2018江苏高考)In _ 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted (享有) a special meat soup called consomm答案：the年代和世纪前面使用定冠词the，属于固定用法。9(2017全国卷)Some of the worlds most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate _ first annual International Jazz Day答案：the序数词前要用定冠词the表示顺序。10(2017全国卷)I got a rescue call from _ woman in Muttontown She had found a young owl (猫头鹰) on the ground答案：a此处第一次提到woman，表泛指，故用不定冠词a。11(2017全国卷)Developed by two doctors in _ US Department of Agriculture, its _ excellent water collector答案：the; anUS Department of Agriculture是由普通名词构成的专有名词，前面用定冠词the; collector是单数可数名词，并且表泛指，且excellent的发音以元音音素开头，故前面用不定冠词an。12(2017浙江高考)For Pahlsson, its return was _ wonder答案：a此处wonder属抽象名词具体化，前面要用a。a wonder指“一个奇迹”。13(2018山西长治二中等五校一联)My son is in _ hurry to leave anyway答案：a句意：不管怎样，我儿子急着离开。in a hurry to do sth 为固定短语，意为“急于做某事”。14(2018江西新余一中、宜春一中联考)Copenhagen became _ capital of Denmark in 1445答案：the句意：1445年，哥本哈根成为丹麦的首都。capital在本句中表示特指，故设空处填the。15(2016全国卷)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed, _ other is with mumshe never suspects答案：the句意：护理团队每隔几天就把他和他的妹妹互换一下，这样当他们中的一个在被人工喂养的时候，另一个是和妈妈在一起的她从不怀疑。one , the other 意为“一个，另一个”。16(2018甘肃西北师大附中月考)I am _ reporter from the New York Times答案：a句意：我是来自纽约时报的一名记者。泛指一名记者，用不定冠词。17(2019大连六校联考)I consider myself very lucky because I was _ only one of my friends who had his dad around答案：theonly前一般用定冠词，表示“唯一的”。18(2018广州模拟)It was _ great shock to the girl when word came that her close friend died in the severe earthquake of Haiti答案：ashock意为“震惊；打击”，此处被形容词great修饰，是抽象名词具体化的用法，表示“一件很震惊的事”，所以用不定冠词。19(2018绵阳二诊)_ Mr Li is now waiting for you on the first floor答案：A不定冠词用于姓名或姓氏前表示泛指，意为“有个；某一”。20(2018徐州模拟)Andrew: Was _ movie as good as you expected?Linda: It was really a waste of time and money I should have stayed at home答案：the此处表示谈话双方均知道的电影，故用定冠词the。21(2019河南省巩义市高中毕业班模拟)To ease the worldwide communication among nations, we should create _ common language and provide courses of it答案：a句意：为了缓解世界上各个国家之间的交流障碍，我们应该创建一种共同的语言，并提供课程。此处表示泛指一种共同的语言，故使用a。22(2018济南模拟)Nowadays _ certain limit should be set on the use of cars to reduce air pollution答案：a空格后的certain意为“某种”，通常与不定冠词连用。23(2019厦门模拟)Rosy came in for _ coffee and told me the firecrackers outside kept her awake last night答案：a句意：罗西进来点了一杯咖啡，告诉我昨晚外面的鞭炮声吵得她一直睡不着。coffee为不可数名词，但是当表示“点单”时，可以用a coffee, two coffees代替a cup of coffee, two cups of coffee，故此处用不定冠词。24(2018陕西模拟)Lily: When do you usually work?Black: Well, on most days I work until 5 pm, but on Fridays I can leave _ hour earlier答案：an此处不定冠词表示数量， an hour相当于one hour; hour的发音是以元音音素开头的，因此其前用不定冠词an。25(2018安徽芜湖、马鞍山质检)Most seriously, relying on smartphones to make friends does not give us _ same advantage as making new friends in the real world答案：the句意：最严重的是，依赖智能手机交友并不能给我们带来与在现实世界交友同样的益处。the same as 意为“与/和一样的”。26(2019肇庆市蓝精灵中学高三月考)If you are interested in _ certain article or you think it of great importance, you can download and store it for future use答案：a空格后面的certain表示“某种，某一”，通常与不定冠词a连用，构成a certain修饰后面的名词。27(2018全国卷)Unexpectedly, Im facetoface with the gorilla, who begins screaming at _ top of her lungs答案：theat the top of ones lungs意为“声嘶力竭”，此处表示大猩猩声嘶力竭地发出吼叫声。故填the。28(2019中央民大附中月考)Besides, you can just put the contents of the basket into your suitcase if you are in _ hurry to leave for the airport答案：a句意：此外，如果你急于赶赴机场，你可以把篮子中的东西放进你的行李箱。此处be in a hurry to do sth是固定短语，意为“急于做某事”。29(2018漳州模拟)Mary took advantage of the opportunity and tried to make _ good impression on her new boss答案：a句意：玛丽利用这个机会，努力给新老板留下好印象。make a good impression on sb意为“给某人留下好印象”，为固定短语。30(2016全国卷)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for _ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy答案：a句意：你可以走出去一会儿，锻炼或做些你喜欢的事情，让你的身体和大脑得到休息。for a while意为“一会儿”。二、单句改错1(2018天津高考)When I was 17, I read the magazine article about a museum called the McNay, once the home of a watercolorist named Marian McNay_答案：第一个thea根据句意，此处表示当“我”17岁的时候，“我”在一本杂志上读到一篇文章，a在此处表示泛指，故改为a。2(2018北京高考)A possibility of selfdriving robot cars has often seemed like a futurists dream, years away from materializing in the real world_答案：AThe介词短语of selfdriving robot cars作possibility的后置定语，起修饰限定的作用，故将A改为The，表示特指。此处特指无人驾驶机器人汽车的可能性。3(2018全国卷)Wang serves as the head of the Architecture Department at the China Academy of Art (CAA)_答案：去掉第一个the此处head of the Architecture Department “建筑系主任”，是一个头衔，表示职位和头衔的名词前面不需要定冠词the。4(2018江苏高考)Children as young as ten are becoming dependent on the social media for their sense of selfworth, a major study warned_答案：去掉the“social media”是一个抽象名词，前面一般不使用冠词，故去掉the。5(2018浙江高考)The cars that drove American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster_答案：American前加theAmerican Dream前面一般使用the。6(2018全国卷)As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons_答案：thea句意：作为一个孩子，我爱看动画片。此处是泛指而非特指，故将the改为a。7(2017北京高考)Many people who live along the coast make the living in fishing industry_答案：第二个thea句意：许多住在沿海地区的人靠渔业为生。make a living “谋生”，为固定短语。8(2017江苏高考)In 1963 the UN set up a Worl