动词的非谓语形式有三种不定式动名和分词.ppt

动词的非谓语形式有三种：不定式、动名词和分词 其中分词又有现在分词和过去分词之分.,动词的非谓语形式非谓语动词,(二)动名词,动名词由动词十 ing构成; 具有动词和名词的性质; 在句中起名词作用，可作主语、宾语、表语和定语,1)作主语,例如: Seeing is believing. Laying eggs is the ant queens full-time job. It is no use arguing with him.,注意： 动名词和不定式都可以作主语，一般来说区别不大，可以互换；有时有些区别，主要表现在：,动名词更接近于名词。 表示习惯性的或抽象的多次性行为，不定式 往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。 在口语中和疑问句中常用动名词，而不用不定式。 主语和表语一般在形式上要保持一致。 例如： Playing with fire is dangerous(泛指玩火) To play with fire will be dangerous(指一具体动作) Seeing is believing.,但在 It is no use good，not any use good，useless /there is no 等后必须用动名词。,例如： Its no use (useless) talking too much. Its no good crying over spilt milk. There is no telling what will happen. There is no getting along with him.,2)作表语,例如： Her job is teaching.,3)作宾语,例如： He is fond of playing football I like swimming.,附:,只能跟动名词作宾语的动词和词组: advise,admit, avoid, consider, delay, enjoy, excuse, finish, deny, allow, escape, forgive, imagine, mind, keep, miss, practise, prevent, resist, risk, suggest, understand, appreciate, cant help, put off, give up e.g. The doctor advised me giving up smoking and drinking. Youd better put off having the meeting till next month. You must try your best to avoid meeting him in that street.,在 be worth doing句型中，动名词 doing表示的也是被动意义 例如： The book is worth reading The piano is (well) worth buying. The honest man is worth respecting and depending on.,be worth doing句型,注,admit，appreciate，avoid，consider, delay, dislike，enjoy，escape, excuse，face，feel like，finish，forgive，give up, imagine，include，keep，mention，mind，miss，practise，put off，resist, risk，suggest，cant help，cant stand(无法忍受)等动词后可以用动名词作宾语，但不能用不定式,注,forget，go on，like，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等动词可带动名词或不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别。,*I remember doing the exercise. (我记得做过练习) *I tried doing it again. (我试着又干了一次) *Stop speaking. (不要讲话。) *Missing the train means waiting for another hour (误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时),I must remember to do it. (我必须记着做这事) I tried not to go there (我没法不去那里 He stopped to talk. (他停下来讲话) I mean to come early today. (我打算今早些来),注,在 allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动词作宾语时，要用动名词形式，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，然后再跟动词作宾语补足语时，其宾语补足语用带 to的不定式例如： We dont allow smoking here. We don t allow students to smoke. The doctor advised doing more exercise. The doctor advised him no to smoke any more .,注,动词 need，require，want,deserve 作“需要”解，(此时的主语往往是物), 其后跟动词作它的宾语时，必须用动名词，或不定式的被动式这时，动名词的主动式表示被动意义 例如: The babies want (need, require) examining. The sick woman needs (wants,requires) looking after.,注,在短语 devote to，look forward to，stick to，to be used to，object to，thank you for，excuse me for，be( kept) busy，be worth，have difficulty trouble problem (in)，have a good wonderful hard time(in)，theres no usegood need，feel lookseem likeget down to等后的动词也必须用动名词形式例如： I look forward to hearing from you soon.,注,在 love，hate，prefer等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。 但说话人有所指的时候，通常用不定式。,注,start，begin，continue在书面语中多后接动名词，在口语中多后接不定式。,作定语,作定语的动名词的现在分词的区分： 动名词作定语可改写成： for 结构 而现在分词作定语时,其主语和分词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系 例如: a teaching method : the method for teaching a sleeping child: the child is sleeping,2动名词的复合结构,动名词的复合结构同由 物主代词 人称代词宾格 +动名词 构成 名词所有格 普通格加,句子开头必须用名词所有格或物主代词,例如: His coming made me very happy Marys crying annoyed him. She didnt mind his crying Is there any hope for Xiao Wangs winning?,3动名词的时态和语态,l)动名词的时态 动名词的时态分一般式和完成式两种 如果动名词的动作没有明确地表示出时间是与谓语动词同时发生或在谓语动作以前发生，用动名词的一般式 例如: We are interested in playing chess. His coming will be of great help to us,动名词的时态和语态,如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常用动名词的完成式。例如: Im sorry for not having kept my promise.,但是在某些动词或词组后，常用动名