英国饮食文化中的高贵与务实毕业论文.doc

山西大学继续教育学院毕 业 论 文类 别 函 授 站 点 临汾教学点 年 级 2013级 专 业 英语教育 层 次 专升本 姓 名 张佳佳 学 号 手 机论文题目 nobilityandpragmatisminbritishfoodculture论 文 评 语建议成绩 答辩教师 年 月 日nobilityandpragmatisminbritishfoodcultureabstract inbritishnationalcharacter,therearetwodistinctiveaspects:nobilityandpragmatism.britishsnobilityandpragmatismisnotacquittingthemselveswellinallaspectofsociallife,butalsoshowthemselvesinthebritishfoodculture.britainhasalongfoodanddrinkculture.inthelongdevelopment,britishfoodanddrinkformsitsownsystemandbecomeanimportantpartintheworld.thecharacterofnobilityandpragmatismshowthemselvesinmanybritishfoodsanddrink.theafternoonteaistherepresentativeofshowingnobility.pragmatismmainlyembodiesinthepursuingofnutrientinfoodmaterial,thesimplecookingmethodandtheideaofeatingofbritishbritishsnobilityandpragmatismwhichrevealinbritishfoodanddrinkissignificant.theygiveothercountriespeoplewhohavenotbeentobritainagoodimpression.foreignersrealizebritishsnobilityandpragmatismthroughbritainsfoodanddrinkandgetagoodimpressionaboutbritain.thatgoodimpressioncontributestoimprovementofbritainsnationalstatus.keywords:britishfood;nationalcharacter;nobility;pragmatism;英国饮食文化中的高贵与务实 摘要英国人的民族性格中有非常与众不同的两点：高贵与务实。英国人高贵与务实不仅表现在社会生活的方方面面，其中也包括表现在饮食方面。英国有很长的饮食文化历史，在漫长的发展过程中，英国饮食形成了自己的体系，也变成了世界饮食中重要的一部分，英国人民族个性中的高贵和务实在英国的许多食物中都得到了表现，其中高贵品质主要表现在下午茶中，务实品质主要表现在对食物原料营养的追求，对简单烹饪方法的追求以及在饮食观上的体现。饮食中所表现出来的英国人民族个性中的高贵与务实有一个重要的意义。那就是给没有去过英国的外国人一种好的印象。外国人通过英国的饮食了解到英国人的高贵与务实使他们对英国产生一种好的印象。这种好的印象有助于英国国际地位的提高。关键词：民族个性;英国；茶；食物;高贵;务实contentsabstract3摘要4contents5nobilityandpragmatisminbritishnationalcharacter81.1thesourceofnobilityinbritishhistory81.2pragmatisminbritishhistoryculture9nobilityinbritishdrinkafternoontea102.1nobilityintheoriginationanddevelopmentofafternoontea102.2nobilityintheetiquetteofafternoontea13pragmatisminbritishfoodandbritishsfoodconception153.1pragmatisminfoodmaterialsandcookingmethods153.2pragmatisminbritishsfoodconception18thesignificanceofnobilityandpragmatisminbritishfoodanddrink204.1thesignificanceofnobilityinfoodconception204.2thesignificanceofpragmatisminfoodstyle21conclusion22bibliography25introduction britainisoneofwesterneuropeancountries,itslocationonthewestsideoftheatlanticcontinental,its50degreesnlatitudeinthenorth,duetotheregulationofthenorthatlanticoceancurrentsandwesterlywindsblowingthroughouttheyear,acool,temperatemaritimeclimatewithrainthroughouttheyear.majordevelopmentsare:plantedforagecropsandpasture,andthedevelopmentofdairyfarming,butbecauseoftheirownfoodandlivestockproductsarenotself-sufficiency,torelyonimports,somuchsothatthedishesarecookedbyexternalinformationontheringshadow.however,theukitselfisahistorical,culturalhistoryofthecountry,sohowmuchfoodtheystillretaintheoldtraditionofeatinghabitsandcookingskillsinclever.logicallyspeaking:thebritisharegenerallymorepopularwayofcooking:braise,grill,friedandfried.ofmeat,seafood,gamehasauniquewayofcooking;however,theyhavebeefinspecialpreferences,suchasbarbecuebeef(roastedbeef),whenthefoodisnotonlyaccompaniedbyseasonalvegetables,bakedpotato,alsowilladdalittlemustardonsteaksauce;theuseofthesauceislikebutterandwine;thespicesonthemeatlikekou,cinnamonandotherfreshspices.betterknownbritishfooddishare:beef,kidneyssent(steakkidneypie),friedfishrow(englishfishchip),royalcreamofchicken(chickenalaking)andsoon.britishlikehunting,huntinginonlyonceayearperiod,therearemanyhotelsandrestaurantswilllaunchagamedinner,suchasdeer(venison),rabbits(hare),pheasant(pheasant),goat(wildsheep)suchascooking.andgeneralcookinggame,theberriesareusedorsomeginandwine,thispracticeistoremovethesmellofmuttonsmellthefooditself.theyareveryparticularaboutbreakfast,butoh!britishrestaurantsinthesupplyofawidevarietyofmealshavefruitjuice,fruit,eggs,meat,wheatporridge,bread,jamandcoffee.andnowadaysthepopularafternoontea(hightea)ispassedfromtheunitedkingdom,therearemorewell-knownvictoria-stylevictorianstyle),thecontentcanbesaidtobeall-inclusive,includingallkindsofsmallpoints,spongecake，fruittarts(tarte)andsandwiches.nobilityandpragmatismarethetwodistinctaspectsinbritishnationalcharacter.thetwoaredevelopingfrombritishlonghistoryandgivegreatimpacttothesociety.theyalsoinfluencebritishfoodanddrink.britainisanotionwhoiscrazyfornobility.inthebritishfoodanddrink,afternoonteaisthemostexcellentrepresentativetoembodynobility,oneofthereasonswhyafternoonteaissopopularisthatenjoyingafternoonteajustlikeenjoyinganoblelife.formostordinarybritishthatenjoyingafternoonteajustlikesenjoyingamomentofnoblelife. britishfoodsmaterialcookingmethodandbritishpeoplesideaofeatingembodybritainspragmatism.theypursuenutrientbutnottaste.britishpeopledonotcareabouttaste.theybelievenutrientismoreimportantthantaste. britishsnobilityandpragmatismwhichdisplayinbritishfoodanddrinkhasasignificantmeaning.theygiveothercountriespeoplewhohavenotbeentobritainagoodimpression.thatgoodimpressionisanationaltreasurebecauseithelpsbritaintoimproveitsnationalstatusintheworld.chapteronenobilityandpragmatisminbritishnationalcharactertherearetwothingswhichdifferremarkablyintheenglishnotionalcharacter:nobilityandpragmatism.thejuxtapositionofthetwofeaturesisratherrareinothercountriesaswellastheirnationalcharacters.theyarethemostimportanttwofeatureswhichdistinguishtheenglishnationoutofothers.1.1thesourceofnobilityinbritishhistorynobility,partoftheenglishnationalcharacter,isgenerallyrecognized.thereasonfortheformationoftheunrivallednobilitydatesbacktotheperiodonethousandyearsagowhenenglandwasinvadedbyfrance.thefrencharistocratsdisdainedthepopulaceofengland.theywereunwillingtoliveliketheseenglishcommonpeople.thoughtheirownspeciallifestyleandexperience,thefrencharistocratsdisplayedtheirnobility.fortheancientenglishmen,thegracefullifestyleofthefrencharistocratswastheaspirationfortheentireanglo-saxonnation.thisistherootoftheenglishmenslongingforgracefullife.inthefollowingyears,thispeculiaraspirationoftheenglishpeoplehasgraduallyturnedintoanationalhabit.themonarchyexistedinenglandmorethanonethousandyears.theupperclassalwayshasgreatinfluenceontheaveragepeople.forexample,knifeandforkplacementaregreatimportancetothetraditionalbritishtablemannerswhounderstandthesemayberegardedasthedetailsofmanyeducatedpeoplehereandbrieflyexplaintheneedfortherestofthebritishinthepractice.dinnerforeightshaped,half-wayifthetemporarydiningrestforashortknifeandforkpointscanputaplateandforkbladetiprelativetoashapeoreight-shaped,knifetowardhimself,thatstillcontinuetoeat.ifyouaretalking,youcanholdknifeandfork,noneedtogo,butneedtomakegestures,itshouldbeputdownknifeandfork,donotbearmedwithknifeandfork,wavingintheairshaking.theenglishsocietypursuesthenoblelifeoftheupperclasswiththegreatest enthusiasmoftheworld.theenglishpeopleregarditassomekindoffashion.thoughthepursuitofaristocratic,theyhavealreadybroughtthequalityofdignityintothestandardtojudgewhetheramaniswelleducated.aftermorethanonthousandyearsaccumulation,thequalityofnobilityhasbrandeddeeplyonthemindofboththeenglisharistocratsandthepopulace.asaresult,nobilityhasbecomeaveryimportantpartoftheenglishnationalcharacternowadays.1.2pragmatisminbritishhistoryculturepragmatism,whichisanindispensablepartoftheenglishnationalcharacter,isgenerallyrecognized.itisanationwheredaydreamandemptytalkscanhardlyexisted.peoplethereliketotrytheirbesttorealizewhattheythinkabout.inthehistoryofthecountry,englishpeoplealwaysemphasizethespiritofpragmatism.especiallyintheperiodofindustrialrevolution,thequalityofpragmatismhasbeenfulldemonstrated.theydidallkindsofcreationandinventionwiththespiritofpragmatism.fromtheinventionofvariousmachinestotheprogressofpolitics,scienceandliterature,thequalityofpragmatismdevelopedtremendouslyduringthatperiod.thechangewhichtookplaceineveryaspectofthecountryenhancestheimportanceofpragmatisminthemindofenglishpeople.inbritishfoodculturetheyconsiderthecuisineisasense.theythinkwhetherthecolorsandthetasteofthefoodaredelicious,thenutritionisthemostimportant.thoughsometimesthetasteisnotverywell,theystilleatallthefoodbecausethesefoodshavemuchnutrition.secondlytheythinkthefoodisusedforeatingwhenhungry.sotheyusuallychoosethemeatorthebeef.meanwhilethefoodindustryhasdeveloped,suchascanned,althoughtaste,butsavestimemachine-made,andnutrition.consequently,pragmatismbecomesoneofthemostvaluedqualitiesofenglishpeople.eventoday,englandisstilloneofthemostpowerfulcountriesintheworld.itsprosperityisindispensablewiththequalityofpragmatism.thetwodistinctiveaspectsinnationalcharactershowthemselvesinallaspectsofthesociety.atthesametime,nobilityandpragmatismrevealthemselvesonbritishfoodanddrink. chaptertwonobilityinbritishdrinkafternoonteathereisalotofbritishbeverageproducingimpactonnoblemannerofaristocracy,especialafternoon.afternoonteaistheveryrepresentative.2.1nobilityintheoriginationanddevelopmentofafternoonteaafternoonteabeganinvictoriatimes.anoblewomanfeltverydullatafternoon.onsomedaysafternoon,shegotveryhungry.sosheaskedherservanttogiveheracupofteaandsomesandwiches.then,shesatonacomfortablechairandatesandwichesslowly.intheprocessofeatingshefounditwasreallymakingherpleasant.thattimewasnolongerdull.thusshedecidedtodrinkingteaandeatingfoodineverydaysafternoon.thelongafternoonbecamemoreinterestingbecauseofafternoontea.laterwhenherfriendswenttoherhousesheentertainedthemteaandcakesinafternoon.allofherguestslikedsuchkindofentertainment.gradually,drinkingafternoonteabecamepopularinaristocracy.aftermanyyears,ordinarypeoplewerealsodrinkingafternoonteatoo.inthelongdevelopment,afternoonteaistheproud.nowitbecomespopularintheworld.infact,themostpopularstyletodrinkteaishighteabuthighteaisoftenamisnomer.mostpeoplerefertoafternoonteaashighteabecausetheythinkitsoundsregalandlofty,wheninallactuality,hightea,ormeatteaisdinner.hightea,inbritain,atanyrate,tendstobeontheheavierside.afterbritishtookafternoonteatoamerica,americanhotelsandtearooms,ontheotherhand,continuetomisunderstandandoffertidbitsoffancypastriesandcakesondelicatechinawhentheyofferahightea.afternoontea(becauseitwasusuallytakeninthelateafternoon)isalsocalledlowteabecauseitwasusuallytakeninasittingroomwithdrawingroomwherelowtables(likeacoffeetable)wereplacednearsofasorchairsgenerallyinalargewithdrawingroom.britainistraditionallybrewedinawarmedchinateapot,addingonespoonfulofteaperpersonandoneforthepot.mostbritishliketheirteastronganddarkandwithaddalotofmilk.aboutonehundredyearsago,britaingraduallydevelopedintoasystemofmakingtea.atthattimepeoplethoughtthemilshouldpouredintothecupfirst,soasnottocracktheporcelain.thetraditionalwayofmakingteais:1.boilsomefreshcoldwater.2.putsomehotwaterintotheteapottomakeitwarm.3.purlthewateraway4.putoneteaspoonoftea-leavesperperson,andonetea-spoonintothepot.5.pourboilingwaterontothetea.6.leaveforafewminutes.7.service.itisamazingthataplainafternoonteahassuchcomplicatedprocedure.thatcomplicatedprocedurehasacloserelationshipwithbritishtradition.watchingcarefullythemethodtomakingafternoontea,peoplewillfindeverysteparecourteousandnotfallintoaflutter.itseemsthatthetraditionalafternoonteacaresabouthowtoshowaseriesofnoblemannerbutnotcarehowcomplicatedtheprocedureis.suchcustomcomesfrombritainstraditionofnobility.britishareparticularabouttheirlifeandpayattentiontoeducationandbearing.theythinkdrinkingteacouldshowtheirbearing.britainisacountrywhichattachesimportancetotraditionofnoble.theyusedtoshowtheirnobleinthelife.so,theafternoonteacanbeconsideredasthetimetoshowtheirbearing.thosearethreedifferentafternoonteas:creamtea,lighttea,fulltea.everyonehasitsdifferenttaste.somehaveheavytasteandsomearelight;somehavecreamandsomehavesweet.everyonecouldchoosethebestaccordingtohistaste.suchdifferenceprovesbritishareparticularabouttheirlifequality.anoblewomanwholivedinvictoriatimeswasthefirstonewhoenjoyedafternoontea.themtheafternoonteabecameatrend.atlastitdevelopedintoacustomofthewholenation.althoughafternoonteahasnot beenconfinedtothenoble,butitsnobleoriginationdecideditsnobleblood.inface,inordinarybritishseyesthatdrinkingteaisanoblemovement.peopletransmitthenobleelementcarefullywhichlivesintheafternoontea.adistrictsfoodanddrinkingcultureinfectthelocalpeopleinsomedegree.inthepassedhundredyears,bothnobleandcommonpeoplebothwereinfluencedbynoblemannerofafternoontea,butalsotheyarejusttakingshapeanationalnature-lookingforthenoblecharacter.inengland,thetraditionaltimeforteawasfourorfiveoclockandnoonestayedaftersevenoclock.mosttearoomstodayserveteafromthreetofiveoclock.themenuhasalsochangedfromtea,bread,butterandcakes,toincludedthreeparticularcoursesseveredspecificallyinthisorder.savoriestinysandwichesorappetizerssconesservedwithjamanddevonshireorclottedcreampastriescakes,cookies,shortbreadandsweetbritishpeoplearesolovingtheirtea,eventheafternoonteabecomesanationalmovementatabout5clockinafternoon.todaybritishfamiliesdonothavetimeforafternoonteaathome,butinthepastitwasatradition.itbecamepopularaboutonehundredandfiftyyearsago,whenrichladiesinvitedtheirfriendstotheirhousesforanafternooncupoftea.theystartedofferingtheirvisitorssandwichesandcakestoo.sooneveryonewasenjoyingafternoontea.therefore,theauthenticafternoonteahasaseriesofetiquette.whentheyaredrinkingafternoontea,theyshowtheirpolitethoroughly.nomatterthenobleorordinarypeople,whowanttodrinkafternoonteaheorshemustknowtheetiquetteofafternoontea.2.2nobilityintheetiquetteofafternoonteatheetiquetteofdrinkingafternoonisasfollows.pickupyourcupandsaucertogetherholdingthesaucerinonehandandcupintheother.thebestwaytoholdateacupistosliptheindexfingerthroughthehandle,uptoalmostthefistknuckle,thenbalanceandsecurethecupbyplacingthethumbonthetopofthehandleand allowingthebottomofthehandletorestonthemiddlefinger.holdthecuplightly,bythehandlethepinkydoesnthavetobeextended(contrarytopopularbelief,theringandpinkiefingersshouldnotbeextended,butshouldrestbycurvinggentlybacktowardyourwrist).holdthesaucerunderthecupwhilepeoplesiptea.whenstirringthetea,pleasedonotmakenoisesbyclinkthesidesofthecupwhilestirring.gentlyswishtheteabackandforthbeingcarefulnototouchthesidesofthecupifpossible.neverleavethespooninthecupandbesurenottosiptheteafromthespooneither.afterstirring,placethespoonquietlyonthesaucer,behindthecup,ontherighthandsideunderthehandle.milkisservedwithtea,notcream.creamistooheavyandmasksthetasteofthetea.althoughsomepourtheirmilkinthecupfirst,itisprobablybettertopourthemilkintheteaafteritisinthecupinordertogetthecorrectamount.whenservinglemonwithtea,uselemonslices,notwedges.eitherprovideasmallforkorlemonforkfortheguests,orhavetheteaservercanneatlyplaceasliceintheteacupaftertheteahasbeenpoured.besurenevertoaddlemonwithmilksincethelemonscitricacidwillcausetheproteinsinthemilktocurdle.becauseofafternoonteafirstlyprevailinaristocracy,soitmustsucceedtothe