2019届高考英语二轮题海特训营9阅读理解词义猜测一.docx

阅读理解-词义猜测一1、He was once referred to as the Picasso of poetry. Beloved by Chileans of all classes, he is one of the most widely read and respected poets in history. And this year is the 108th birthday of Pablo Neruda (1904 1973). Born with the name Neftali Ricardo Reyes Basoalto,he was a tall.shy and lonely boy. He loved to read and started to write poetry when he was ten. The American poet Walt Whitman, whose framed picture Neruda later kept on his table.became a major influence on his work. However, his father did not like the idea of having a poet for a son and tried to discourage him from writing. To cover up the publication of his finst poem,he took the pen name Pablo Neruda. In 1924 Neruda gained fame with his most widely read work Twenty Love Poems and a Song of Despair. Yet his rich experience as a diplomat and exile(被流放者) made him go beyond the theme of love. His work also reflected the political struggle of the left and development of South America. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1971. Neruda loved the sea which he saw as creative, destructive and forever moving. He found inspiration in the power and freedom of the waves and the seabirds on the coast. .I need the sea because it teaches me,” he wrote. I move in the university of the waves. He loved how the sea forever renewed itself,a renewal echoed in his work.1.The underlined word “Picasso” can probably be replaced by _A.most important personB.famous person from PicassoC.freedom fighter in PicassoD.poem fan2.Neftali Ricardo Reyes Basoalto took the pen name Pablo Neruda because_.A.literary greats usually used the pen nameB.his father encouraged him to use the nameC.he wanted to prevent his father knowing the publicationD.he was greatly influenced by other poets3.Which of the following is not the theme of his works?A.Love.B.Political struggle.C.Social reform.D.Development of South America.4.The last paragraph mainly tells us_.A.the sea gave Neruda vast writing inspirationB.the beautiful scenery along the Chile coastC.Nerudas poems were widely read overseasD.Neruda loved to write his poems near the sea2、 American high school students are terrible writers, and one education reform group thinks it has an answer: robots, or, more accurately robot-readers-computers programmed to scan student essays and spit out a grade. Mark Shermis, professor of the College of Education at the University of Akron, is helping to hold a contest, set up by the William and Flora Hewlett Foundation(WFHF), which promises $ 100,000 in prize money to programmers who write the best automated grading software. “If youre a high school teacher and you give a writing task, youre walking home with 150 essays,” Shermis said. “Youre going to need some help. ” Automated essay grading was first proposed in the 1960s, but computers back then were not up to the task. In the late 1990s, as technology improved, several textbook and testing companies jumped into the field. Today, computers are used to grade essays in South Dakotas student writing assessments and a handful of other exams, including the TOEFL test of English fluency, taken by foreign students. The Hewlett contest aims to show that computers can grade as well as English teachersonly much more quickly and without all that depressing red ink. “Automated essay scoring is objective,” Shermis said. “And it can be done immediately. If students finish an essay at 10 p. m. , they get a result at 10: 00 p. m. Take, for instance, the Intelligent Essay Assessor, a web-based tool marketed by Pearson Education, Inc. Within seconds it can analyze an essay for spelling, grammar, organization, and help students to make revision. The program scans for key words and analyzes semantic(语义的) patterns, and Pearson claims that it can understand the meaning of a text much the same as a human reader.1.The text is written to introduce_.A.Hewlett contestB.the education reform in AmericaC.robot-readersD.William and Flora Hewlett Foundation2.What does the underlined phrase “spit out” in Paragraph 1 probably mean?A.Analyze.B.Organize.C.Give.D.Check.3.What does Paragraph 4 focus on?A.The application of automated essay scoring.B.The advantages of automated essay scoring.C.The prize of Hewlett contest.D.Teachers opinions about Hewlett contest.3、 Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks. His strange habit makes sense when you consider that hes an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road. What is even more interesting is that one ofSteins jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag. Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year. So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银台) . The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles. Eyeing these headwinds, plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists likeSteintomake the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume. Among the bag makers argument: many cities with bans still allow shopperstopurchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energytoproduce and transport. And while plastic bags may be uglytolook at, they represent a small percentage of allgarbageon the ground today. The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement: reusable shopping bags. The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic-bag use it cancels out. However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energytomake. One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic. Environmentalists dont dispute(质疑) these points. They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shopperstouse the same reusable bags for years.1.What has Steven Stein been hired to do?A.Help increase grocery sales.B.Recycle the waste material.C.Stop things falling off trucks.D.Argue for the use of plastic bags.2.What does the word “headwinds”in paragraph 2 refer to?A.Bans on plastic bags.B.Effects of city development.C.Headaches caused by garbage.D.Plastic bags hung in trees.3.What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic-bag makers?A.They are quite expensive.B.Replacing them can be difficult.C.They are less strong than plastic bags.D.Producing them requires more energy.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Plastic, Paper or NeitherB.Industry, Pollution and EnvironmentC.Recycle or Throw AwayD.Garbage Collection and Waste Control4、 Dan Austin is a writer and filmmaker. He is “saving” the world,giving away one bike at a time. In 2006, Austin and his brother started an organization called 88Bikes. Its a non-profit(非营利性的) group that delivers bicycles to kids in need around the world. In less than four years, the group has given away nearly 800 bikes in seven different countries. What difference can one bicycle make? A big one, says Austin. Many of the children who have received bikes from 88Bikes live in faraway areas and in orphanages (孤儿院). Having a bike gives the kids a safe and quick way to get to school. “Owning a bike can also mean freedom for a young person, and the happiness that a bike can bring is just more important than anything else, Austin explains. “This may also be favorable to their study because being happy they are likely to learn more,” Austin added. Austin and his brother thought of the idea for 88Bikes in an outing. They once went to Cambodia by bike. After the ride, they decided to give away their bikes to an orphanage in the city of Phnom Penh. “But then we realized there were 88 kids at the orphanage, Austin said. “We wanted to help the other 86 kids, too. ,So, they set up the group as well as a website for donations. Four days later, there was enough money to buy more than enough bicycles. Along with the bikes, all of the children receive caps, bike locks and shoes. They also receive photos of the people who made the donations. “We want them to know that there is somebody across the ocean that always cares about them,” Austin says. A world map is put on the back of the photo which shows where the donors(捐赠人) live. The donors also receive pictures of the kids and their new bikes.1.Dan Austin and his brother give away bikes to_.A.save the worldB.help the kidsC.make moneyD.move others2.Which of the following may replace the underlined word “delivers” in Paragraph 1?A.showsB.lendsC.sellsD.sends3.According to the passage, owning a bike may make it possible for kids to_.save time get freedom learn morereceive respect be happy keep healthyA.B.C.D.4.What can be learned from the passage?A.The donors and the kids can learn about each other.B.Austin and his brother set up the organization two years ago.C.Nearly 800 bikes have been sent to seven cities in Cambodia.D.Only by going on an outing can bikes be given to kids in need.5、One of Indias top engineering schools has restricted Internet access in its boarding houses, saying addiction to surfing, gaming and blogging was affecting students performance, making them lonely and even suicidal. Authorities at the best Indian Institute of Technology( IIT) in Mumbai said students had stopped socializing and many were late for morning classes or slept through them. “Now, a student doesnt even know who lives two doors away from him because he is so busy on the Internet,” said Prakash Gopalan, dean of Student Affairs. “The old dormitory culture of companionship and socializing among students is gone. This is not healthy in our opinion.” IIT-Mumbai, with about 5,000 students, is one of the seven IITs across India which are considered to be among the finest engineering schools in the world. They are also a talent pool for global technology giants. But their hard courses, tough competition and lonely campus lifestyle have taken an effect on students. Depressive and dysfunctional lifestyles are known to be common among IIT students, and at least nine have committed suicide in the past five years. Students have unlimited free Internet access in their boarding houses to help them in their studies, but many also use it to surf, chat, download movies and music, blog and for gaming. “Starting Monday, Internet access will be banned between 11 p.m. and 12:30 p.m. at IIT-Mumbais 13 boarding buildings to encourage students to sleep early and to try and force them out of their shells.” Gopalan said. But the move has not gone down well with students who say they hate their lives being regulated. “Now they will say we need to listen to a lullaby (摇篮曲) to go to sleep.” said Rajiv, an electronics student.1.According to the text, the students addicted to the Internet in IIT-Mumbai are likely to _.A.perform well in studiesB.participate in social activitiesC.know their classmates betterD.feel lonely and even suicidal2.The underlined word “dysfunctional” in Paragraph 3 most probably means “_”.A.unpopularB.meaningfulC.abnormalD.exciting3.What measures have been taken in IIT-Mumbai?A.Students must go to bed before 11 p.m.B.Students are forbidden to surf the Internet on campus.C.Students have unlimited free Internet access in their dormitories.D.Internet access is unavailable in deep night in boarding buildings.4.We may infer from the last paragraph that _.A.all electronics students hate the banning orderB.some students complain about the banning orderC.there is no Internet access on the IIT campus ever sinceD.more students prefer listening to music to surfing the Internet 6、 LUKLA, NepalQomolangma, known as Mount Everest in the West, once negatively recognized as the “worlds highest junkyard,is set to become cleaner as 30,000 porters(搬运工) have been mobilized(动员)for waste collection and disposal from the mountains southern side. The cleanup drive was launched recently near Lukla Airport, one of the worlds most dangerous airports yet a vital gateway to the worlds highest peak. “Our major task is to keep Everest, which is the pride of the world, clean. This campaign aims to transport 100 tons of nonbumable garbage from the Everest region to Kathmandu in 2018,” Ang Dorje Sherpa, chairman of the Sagarmatha Pollution Control Committee said. The SPCC,an environmental conservation organization,has made it mandatory(强制性的) since 2013 that every climber should carry down 8 kilograms of trash, but for trekkers there is no such regulation. Due to this, more than 100 tons of waste gets collected in the region annually. According to Nepalese government statistics, nearly 50,000 domestic and foreign trekkers visit the Qomolangma region annually, while more than 400 mountaineers attempt to scale the peak. The collected waste mostly includes empty beer bottles and cans, oxygen bottles, tom tents and sleeping bags, food bins, and discarded mountaineering and trekking equipment. The trash was collected by local groups in more than a dozen villages while the waste was transported down the mountain in sacks (麻袋)by porters and animals. The cleanup covered settlements from up to 5,000 meters near the base camp,to Lukla Airport located at an altitude of 2,805 meters. On the first day of the campaign, several tons of waste was sent off to Kathmandu from Lukla on planes belonging to Tara Airlines, one of the leading private airlines in Nepal. The airlines have set an ambitious target of flying out 100 tons of waste from the region in 2018, as a part of its commitment to the Sustainable Development Goals against climate change. The companys CEO Umesh Chandra Rai said,“We hope that this campaign will help the local people to maintain a pristine (未受损害的), natural and unspoiled environment so that more trekkers will come from everywhere, making the trekking industry here more sustainable.1.Whats the first paragraph mainly about?A.The basic situation of Mount Everest.B.The introduction of the cleanup campaign.C.The unique way to prevent environmental pollution.D.The description of the most dangerous airport in the world.2.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A.The rule for visitors made by the local travel agencies.B.The cleanup campaign launched by Ang Dorje Sherpa.C.The demand on the climbers made by the SPCC.D.The law for the local people made by the Nepalese government.3.How does the author indicate that the clean up campaign is very tough?A.By listing figures.B.By making comparisons.C.By giving some examples.D.By analyzing some causes.4.Whats Umesh Chandra Rais attitude towards the cleanup campaign?A.Doubtful.B.Curious.C.Enthusiastic.D.Unfavorable. 答案以及解析1答案及解析：答案： 1.A; 2.C; 3.C; 4.A解析： 1.词义猪测题。根据下一句的意义“他被智利的各阶层人爱戴着,他的作品广为传诵,备受尊重。”可猜测出:他曾经被誉为诗坛“巨匠”。2.细节理解题。根据短文第三段“To cover up the publication of his first poem.句可知:聂鲁达的父亲不赞成儿子当诗人,经常想方设法阻止他创作。为了掩人耳目发表第首诗,诗人就为自己取了个笔名聂鲁达。3.推理判断题。第四段二、三句表述的意思是:聂鲁达有着丰富的阅历,他当过外交官,曾流亡国外。因此,他的诗歌主题多样,并不仅仅限于男女情爱。他的作品还反映了左派政治斗争以及南美洲的发展。由此判断可知。4.段落主旨题。根据 “He found inspiration in the power and freedom of the waves and the seabirds on the coast.和“ He loved how the sea forever renewed itself, a renewal echoed in his work.”两句可知:海浪磅礴的力量、自由的激荡,海岸上展翅翱翔的海鸟,这一切都给予聂鲁达无尽的创作灵感。他喜欢大海,还因为大海在永不停息地更新着自己。而他的诗作也犹如大海一样,不断地推陈出新 2答案及解析：答案：1.C; 2.C; 3.B解析：1.主旨大意题。文章开门见山提出教育改革小组的想法:发明能够帮助老师判定作文等级的机器人来减轻教师的负担,然后在下文进行详细介绍,故文章的中心内容是介绍这种机器人,选C。2.词义猜测题。从下文 who write the best automated grading software可知发明这种机器人的目的是替老师们批阅作文,给学生作文打分,故选C。3.段落大意题。根据本段中 that computers can grade as well as English teachers 和 without all that depressing red ink 以及 And it can be done immediately.可以判断本段主要介绍这种机器人的优点,选B。 3答案及解析：答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.D; 4.A解析：文章分析了几种购物袋的使用情况,塑料袋会造成环境问题,纸袋尽管容易回收,但生产和运输需要更多的能源,环保主义者希望消费者使用耐用可重复使用的袋子。1. 细节理解题。根据第一段one of Steins jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bags.和第二段plastic-bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.可知,塑料袋生产商雇用Steven Stein是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害,是对塑料袋被禁用的解释和争论。故选D。2. 词义猜测题。上文介绍在许多美国大城市塑料袋被禁用,看到这种现状,塑料袋生产商雇用Steven Stein等科学家是为了证明他们的产品并不像大多数人想象的那样对地球有害。headwinds意为“逆风”,此处指塑料袋被禁用的现状,即Bans on plastic bags,故选A。3. 细节理解题。根据第四段However, longer-lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.可知,塑料袋生产商认为生产耐用且能重复使用的袋子需要更多的能源,故选D。4. 标题归纳题。文章讲述了使用塑料袋会造成环境问题,纸袋容易回收,但生产和运输需要更多的能源,环保主义者希望消费者使用耐用可重复使