2018年高三英语一轮总复习专题1.1Friendship词汇短语含解析.docx

专题1.1 Friendship【学以致用】一、重点词汇细解1.upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的vt.使不安；使心烦；打翻 Your friend comes to school very upset.你的朋友来到学校心烦意乱。(1) be (feel) upset about/over/at sth. 为某事烦心 be upset to do sth. 为做某事感到不安/难过 be upsetthat clause 让人不安(2) (sth.) upset sb. (某事)使某人心烦意乱 (sb.) upset sth. (某人)打/弄翻某物 upset a plan/an arrangement 打乱计划/安排 It upsets sb. that.让某人心烦的是 A passenger realized he couldnt find his ticket and became quite upset.一个乘客意识到他找不到车票了，变得很难过。 She was still upset about/over/at losing her love.她还在为失恋而心烦意乱。It upset her that nobody had bothered to tell her about it.让她不高兴的是谁也没有把这件事告诉她。He arrived an hour late upsetting our arrangements/，which upset our arrangement.他迟到了一个小时候，把我们的安排打乱了。He stood up suddenly，_upsetting_ a cup of coffee on my shirt. 他突然站起来，结果将一杯咖啡打翻在我的衬衫上。2. ignore vt. 不理睬；忽视；不顾(强调“装作不知道或没看到”You will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down.你将不理睬铃声而到僻静之处去安慰你的朋友。ignorant adj. 无知的；愚昧的；不知道的ignorance n. 无知；愚昧；不知道ignore sb./sth. 不理睬某人/假装不知道或未见be ignorant of/about sth.be in ignorance of sth. 不知道某事She saw him coming but she ignored him.她看见他走来，但没有理睬他。 He is ignorant of farm life.He is in ignorance of farm life.他对农庄生活一无所知。If the baby is put into a unfamiliar room without its mother, it i_the toys no matter how interesting they might be. 3.calm vt. & vi. 使平(镇)静；(使)镇定adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的 You will ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down.你将不理睬铃声而到僻静之处去安慰你的朋友 calm sb. down使某人平静下来 calm down平静/镇静下来 stay/keep/be calm保持镇定 One moment it was quiet and calm in the forest，the next，the air was charged with tension.树林中那一刻是那么的安详宁静，接着，空气中充满了紧张的气氛。Wu Bin, the most beautiful driver in Hangzhou, _kept/stayed calm when he was injured seriously.杭州最美司机吴斌在严重受伤的情况下仍然保持镇静。词语辨析calm(天气、水面)风平浪静；(人)镇定自如 quiet 宁静、安静、寂静，侧重没有响声、噪音或动静；指人时侧重性格温和、文静 silent 沉默的、不发言的、不说话的 still 指人时侧重一动不动；指物时指完全没有声音，突出静止不动 Its bad manners to keep _ when the teacher asks you a question. The little girl was so _ that nobody noticed she was in the room. Stand _ until I came back. Not until the sea was _ did the fishermen go out to sea.4.concern n关心，担忧；关心的人(或)事vt.涉及，关系到，参与；使担心，使操心 You will tell your friend that you are concerned about him/her and you will meet after class and talk then.告诉你的朋友你关心他(她)，你下课后会和他(她)说。必会 (1)concern oneself about 对表示关心/担心 (2)concerned adj.担心的；关注的；相关的 be concerned about/for 担心；关心 be concerned with 与有关；涉及 as/so far as. be concerned 就而言；依之见 (3)show/express ones concern about/for/over 某人关心；某人挂念 (4)concerning prep.有关；关于 My achievement is a major concern of my parents.我的成绩是我父母的一个主要关注的问题。As far as Im concerned，I disagree with his idea.就我个人而言，我不同意他的想法。 More and more people concern themselves about/are concerned about/for healthy problems.越来越多的人关心健康问题。It was reported that some famous singers were concerned with taking drugs.据报道，一些著名歌手涉嫌吸毒。Concerning his advice, there will be a discussion.关于他的建议，将开个会来讨论一下。5.power n能力；力量；权力 The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.漆黑的夜晚，风雨交加，电闪雷鸣，我全然被这种力量镇住了。be in power 执政；掌权 come to power 上台；执政 have the power to do sth. 具有做某事的能力 beyond/out of ones power 力所不能及；超出某人的能力She lost her power of speech/hearing.她失去了说话的能力/听力。 I had always believed that such a thing was beyond /out of my power.我一直认为做这样一件事是我能力所不及的。 Obama _came to power_at the beginning of 2009.奥巴马于2009年初上台执政。词语辨析power 主要指做事所依靠的能力、功能，还可以指职权或政权， 电力，动力strength 指固有的潜力。说人时，指力气；说物时，指强度。还可指优点，长处。 force 主要指自然界的力量；也可以指暴力、势力或军事力量等。 energy 主要指人的精力或自然界中的能量。 用energy, power, force和strength填空。Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of _.The party came to _ at the last election.Gandhi insisted on winning independence by peaceful struggles, not by _.This party has been in _for two years.Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his _.Have a good rest; you need to save your _for the tennis match this afternoon.Maths is one of her many _. 6.suffer v遭受；忍受；经历She suffered from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there.她感到孤独，但她得学会喜欢住在那里。suffer pain/loss/defeat/poverty/hunger/punishment/hardship/damage/.遭受痛苦/损失/失败/贫困/饥饿/惩罚/艰难/损伤 suffer from headache/heart failure/loss of memory(疾病类词) suffering n(身体或心灵上的）痛苦，疼痛，苦难How long have you been _ _ a headache?你头痛有多久了？The factory _ a great loss in the fire.这家工厂在大火中遭受了重大损失。 答案：suffering fromsuffered7. series n. 系列；连续【教材原句】“I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.”她说，“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把我这个朋友称作基蒂”。a series of一连串的；一系列的 a series of exams 一连串的考试 a TV series一部电视连续剧Then began a series of wet days that spoiled our vacation.之后就是一连串的下雨天，把我们的假期弄得一团糟。There was a series of car accidents at the crossing this morning.今天早晨在十字路口发生了一连串的交通事故。 (1)series 属于单复数同形的单词，类似的单词还有 means, species, works(工厂)，deer, fish, sheep 等。(2)“a series of复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用单数，但“these/those series of复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用复数。It is an article _这是一篇关于那部电视连续剧的文章。Theres been _ on this road recently. 最近在这条路上发生了一连串的事故。So far a series of problems _ brought about by this decision. AhaveBhas Chave been Dhas been8settle vi. 安家；定居；停留 vt. 使定居；安排；解决【教材原句】She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place, because she was concerned about whether they would be discovered.她觉得在藏身之处难以安定和平静下来，因为她担心他们是否会被发现。 She settled in the city after her fathers death.父亲去世后她就在城市里定居了。They settled their quarrel in a friendly way.他们友好地解决了他们的争端。Lets settle down to the work.我们开始工作。 settle in/into (使)适应(新的家、工作、环境等)，习惯于；安顿下来settle down 安居下来；定居，过安定生活，舒适地坐下或躺下settle on/upon 同意，决定；在某处停留/栖息 settle down to n/v.ingget down to n/v.ing开始认真做，专心于 settle ones affairs 安排/解决好自己的事情settle a dispute/an argument 解决争端I sorted out my mails, and then_(开始做一些严肃的工作)They_(结婚了并定居在) London.According to his letter,he had to _ his affairs in Paris before he could return home Asettle Bsuffer Cpack Dpersuade 【答案】 9recover vi. & vt.痊愈；恢复；重新获得 How can Linda recover from her illness in this room when its so dirty.在这么脏的房间里琳达怎么能康复 recover from从中恢复 recover onself恢复正常；使清醒 recover losses/ones lost watch弥补损失/找回失去的手表 当表示“恢复健康”时，recover是不及物动词，表示“找回、弥补”时，recover是及物动词。The police the stolen motorbike for the woman and the woman _ depression.警察为这位妇女找回了被偷的摩托，这位妇女不再沮丧了。It took a long time for him to _ _ a bad cold.他患重感冒，很长时间才康复。Jane made a great effort to _ _.简努力使自己镇定下来。The police _ the stolen jewellery.警方找回了被盗的珠宝。 10grateful adj.感激的；表示谢意的 同义词thankfulI would be grateful if you could give me some advice.你如果能给我一些建议我将非常感激。We are grateful _ you _ all you have done.我们感激你为我们所做的一切。 答案：to；for二、核心短语回顾1add up 合计；把加起来 Add up your score and see how many points you get.把你的分数加起来看看你能得多少分。add up to 总共；总计 add to 增加；增添(多用于抽象意义) add sth. to sth. 把加到上 add that. 补充说The figures _ _ _ 120.这些数字加起来是120。The bad weather _ _ our trouble.恶劣的天气给我们增添了麻烦。Please add some sugar to the milk to make it more delicious.请在牛奶里加些糖，使牛奶更美味。“Were accustomed to having one thing in our pocket to do all these things，” he added.“我们习惯于打包做所有的事情，”他补充说。 What you said just _.你的话简直是火上浇油。2go through 经历，经受；仔细检查；完成；用完 Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through？或者害怕你的朋友嘲笑你，或者不理解你正经历的事情？go against违反，与不符,不利于go after追求；追赶go ahead前进；请说(做)吧go by走过；(时间)过去go up爬上；(价格等)上升go out外出；(灯、火)熄灭go over检查；复习They both have gone through difficult times.他们两个人都经历了困难时期。I always start the day by _ _ my emails.我每天第一件事就是看电子邮件。The plan _ _， which made us all happy.这项计划通过了，这使我们都非常高兴。I had just _ _ my homework when the telephone rang.我刚完成作业这时电话响了。To get a better grade, you should _ _ the notes again before the test.要想获得更好的成绩，你应该在考试之前再复习一下笔记。 Luck _ me these days.这几天我运气很背。As time went by, the situation became worse.随着时间的推移，形势更糟糕了。3 set down 放下；记下；登记；让下车 I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do.我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记一连串的事实 set up开办；建立；设立set aside留出；拨出(时间、金钱等)；不顾；把置于一边set off出发；动身；引起；使爆炸set out to do sth.开始、着手做某事set about doing sth.着手做某事The reporter set down everything that happened then.记者记下了当时所发生的一切。 The bus stopped to set _an old lady.公共汽车停下来让一个老太太下车。 Ralph WEmerson would always set_ new ideas that occurred to him.(2014陕西卷) Ralph WEmerson总是把自己想到的新想法记录下来。 They set _for London just after ten.10点之后他们动身去伦敦。We need to set _finding a solution to the problem.我们需要着手寻找这一问题的解决方法了。 In much of the animal world，night is the time set _for sleeppure and simple.在动物的世界中，晚上是留出来睡觉的时间既清楚明白又简简单单。答案：downdownoffaboutaside4on purpose 故意地 I met him _ _ yesterday.昨天我偶然遇到了他。She went to Austria _ _ _ _ studying music.他为了学习音乐去了奥地利。 答案：by chance/by accidentfor/with the purpose of5in order to为了，以便I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself.我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。 (1)in order to 引导的目的状语，可置于句首或句末，可换成 to (do sth.)。so as to 引导的目的状语，其位置一般在句末。(2)否定结构：in order not to do 和 so as not to do。(3)前后两部分主语一致时，才能用 in order to 或 so as to 来引导，否则，改用 so that 或 in order that 来引导。同义句转换I went home in order that I could change my clothes.I went home _my clothes.I went home _ my clothes.We started early so that we could get to the meeting on time.We started early _we could get to the meeting on time.We started early _get to the meeting on time.【答案】in order to change; to change in order that; in order to选择填空 After graduation he took all his works to London _ get a g