被动语态的构成与用法(一对一).docx

被动语态的构成与用法主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。 1.一般现在时 is/am/are+P.P. 2.一般过去时 was/were+P.P. 3.一般将来时 will be+P.P. 4.现在进行时 is/am/are+being(固定不变)+P.P. 5.过去进行时 was/were+being(固定不变)+P.P. 6.现在完成时 have/has been+P.P. 7.过去完成时 had been+P.P. 被动语态构成口诀 【重点】一般现、过用be +V.P.P.，be有人称、时、数变。 完成时态have(has)+V.P.P.，被动将been加中间。 一般将来shall (will) +V.原形，被动变V.原形为be V.P.P.。 将来进行无被动，shall (will) be+V.ing, 现在完成进行同，have (has) been+V.ing。 现、过进行be+V.ing, 被动be加being+V.P.P.。 。 【口诀注释】“一般现、过用be +V.P.P.，be有人称、时、数变”即一般现在时，一般过去时，用be +V.P.P.格式,be动词有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。 一般现、过用be+V.P.P., be有人称、时、数变 eg A 主动The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome. 被动The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.eg B 主动People regard him as brilliant. 被动He is regarded as brilliant by people. 以上两例都是一般时态用be+V.P.P.的例子，be有人称、时、数变，第三人称foreign friends是复数，时态一般过去时，所以“be+V.P.P.”就是were given，而People regard him as brilliant一句，被动后的“be+V.P.P.”就变成单数第三人称is regarded的形式了。 This speech was delivered by comrade Wang. (was delivered即一般过去时的被动态) Two people were killed and twelve were injured. A note was passed up to the speaker. 完成时态have+V.P.P.，被动将been加中间(过去完成时had+V.P.P.也包括在内)。 eg A 主动We have studied English for 3 years and on at the spare-time school. 被动English has been studied for 3 years by us and on at the spare-time school.eg B 主动They had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year. 被动100 tractors had been produced by the end of last year. 一般将来shall (will)+ V.原形，被动变V.原形为be V.P.P. 即由shall+V.原形或will+V.原形变为shall be+V.P.P.或will be+ V.P.P.。 eg A主动We shall build several big modern power plants in our city next year. 被动Several big modern power plants will be built in our city next year. (shall do中的shall要随新主语变为will, do为be done.) eg B主动I shall send my second boy to school next September. 被动My second boy will be sent to school next September. 被动句中的by引出的宾语，一般说来，如果是人称代词你、我、他等，均可省略，someone ,no one不由by来引出。如果是名词不能省略，但当今英语也都可省略了。 eg E主动The Chinese people will make more space explorations in the future. 被动More space explorations will be made in the future by the Chinese people. egs FMore peaceful uses will be found for unclear explosives in the future.More hard work will be needed to make this wonder come true in a short time from now. (e true 使成为事实;come true做宾补) 过去将来时主动would+V.原形，被动be+V.P.P.代原形。 将来进行无被动，shall (will) be+V.ing, 现在完成进行同，have (has) been+V.ing“将来进行时”表示动作在将来某一时刻或某个阶段正在进行。“现在完成进行时”表示某行为发生在过去延续到现在，可能还要延续下去。两种时态则不用被动语态。 egs We hope your comany will soon be sending an engineer over to check this equipment. (将来进行时) In a ffew minutes our passenger plane will be flying in the stratosphere. (将来进行时)We hope scientists will be tapping new energy sources to meet the need for power.What will you be doing this evening?（将来进行时) I have been living in Anshan Since 1980(现在完成进行时) How long have you been studying English? (现在完成进行时) 以上均无被动态。 现、过进行be V.ing，被动be加being+ V.P.P. 即现在进行时或过去进行时都是be的人称、时和数的形式加V.ing。而被动态则是be加上being+V.P.P.的形式，being是不变的。现在进行时和过去进行时的被动态是被动态个的重点，容易搞错。例如： eg A主动The workers are repairing the main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute. 被动The main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute is being repaired by the workers. egsTwo reservoirs are being built at the same time. Equipment and foodstuffs are being flown to the floodstricken areas. 同步练习： 一，单选 1, Maria at 6:30 every morning by her mother to get ready for school. A. was woken up B. woke up C. wakes up D. is woken up 2，Professor Yi Zhongtian to the Talk Show on CCTV-1 last weekend. A. invites B. invited C. was invited 3. The World Cup in Germany now. A. being had B. is having C. is holding D. is being held 4. A: some of the plastic bags cant after June 1.B: Yes, people will use environmental bags instead. A. use B. be use C. be used D. are used不用被动语态的情况（只作了解）不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态（即多数的瞬间动词）： eg appear, die(死亡),disappear（消失）, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand，break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place. 不及物动词通常是没有被动态的。Compare： rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。 ()The price has been risen. () The price has risen. () The accident was happened last week. () The accident happened last week. () The price has raised. () The price has been raised. () Please seat. () Please be seated. 要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语： eg fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to 主动语态变被动语态的方法：1把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语；把谓语动词变成被动结构；把主动语态的主语放在介词by 后作它的宾语，人称代词主格变为宾格。They have painted their new house Their new house has been painted by them 2. by短语通常跟在谓语动词后，并且常可省略。 The window was cleaned (by the students) ten minutes ago 注意： let, make, have, see, watch, hear, notice, feel, listen to 等放在主动语态中后跟不带to 的不定式，在变为被动语态时，要加上to. They made the workers work 14 hours a day. 他们让工人每天工作14个小时。 The workers were made to work 14 hours a day.同步练习：一 把下列主动语态的句子改为被动语态。1， Today more and more people around the world speak Chinese. Today Chinese by more and more people around the world2. My mother hid all my favourite storybooks before my last exams. All my favourite story books my mother before my last exams3. My father made me a cake on my birthday. A cake on my birthday.课外作业练习：一 主动改被动，每空一词。 1，Mike broke the window yesterday. The window by Mike yesterday.2， If you give me five more minutes, Ill finish it.If five more minutes , I will finish it. 二单项选择。 1, Trees and flowers every year to make our country more beautiful.A. is planted B. was planted C. are planted D. were planted 2. The dress smooth and soft. A. felt B. feels C. is felt D. is feeling 3，A：Where are the letters? B: Those letters already. A, were sent B. was found C. had been reached D. have been posted 4. Nowadays the old should in our society.A. be taken good care B. be taken good care of C. be taken well care D. take good care of 课外阅读(A)Arabs consider it extremely bad manners to start talking business immediately. Even the busiest government official always takes extra time to be polite and offer refreshments (茶点). No matter how busy you are, you should make time for this.The conference visit is a way of doing business throughout the Arab world. Frequently, you will have to discuss your business in the presence of strangers, who may or may not have anything to do with your business. Do not be surprised if your meeting is interrupted several times by people who come into the room unannounced, whisper, or speak softly to the person with whom you are talking, and leave. Act as though you do not hear, and never show displeasure at being interrupted.Making decisions quickly is not an Arab custom. There is a vagueness (模糊) in doing business in the Middle East which will puzzle a newcomer. Give yourself lots of time and ask lots of questions.When an Arab says “yes”, he may mean “maybe”. When he says “maybe”, he probably means “no”. You will seldom get a direct “no” from an Arab because it is considered not polite. Instead of “no”, he will say “inshallah”, which means “if God is willing”. On the other hand, “yes” does not necessarily mean “yes”. A smile and a slow nod might be like an agreement but in fact your host is being polite. An Arab considers it rude to disagree with a guest.1. The main purpose of this article is to explain _.A. why you need extra time when you visit Arab countriesB. how to be polite when doing business in the Arab worldC. why Arab officials are so busyD. what Arabs say when doing business2. According to the article, which of the following would be considered polite?A. You leave angrily because of interruptions.B. You demand an immediate decision.C. You refuse a cup of tea and show pictures of your product right away.D. You look out of the window while a stranger comes in to speak with your host.3. Which of the following is NOT an Arab custom?A. To care less about being interrupted during their meeting.B. Often to give you a vague answer.C. Seldom to say “no” directly.D. Seldom to hesitate to start talking business in the presence of strangers. (B)Have you ever been in a situation, where you felt uneasy because of something you think you may have forgotten to do or perhaps a feeling that you annoyed someone whom you wanted to get along with really well. If you have experienced such feelings and worse on a regular basis, then you most probably are a victim of anxiety attacks.All of us, to some extent, have experienced anxiety at different levels. There are some things you may know about anxiety, and some things that you may not be familiar with. So in order to be prepared for your unexpected feeling of anxiety, you need to get to know what anxiety is before it escalates into a panic attack.Anxiety is simply the feeling of discomfort, uneasiness or fear of what may eventually happen resulting from an imagined, or a real threatening condition. On the extreme end panic attacks can occur due to heightened(增加) feelings of anxiety.There are two main symptoms(症状) during an anxiety / panic attack and these are physical and emotional symptoms. Physical symptoms include difficulty in breathing, shaking, direct feeling of heat, rapid heartbeat and tiredness while emotional symptoms deal with worrying, depression, fear, and lack of focus.In spite of the negative impression we have for anxiety, it is not dangerous in any way whatever. The feeling of anxiety is not bad, in fact its more of a defensive feeling which protects us from possible danger by engaging a response within us in fight or fight situations. So its not the “bad guy”, you just have to learn how to control it. Panic attacks, however, are far more dangerous and should be a concern to your health. Panic can sometimes result in blurred (模糊不清的) vision, dif