精致课堂：中考英语选词填空技巧.ppt

,中考专题,之,选词填空,课标要求,在考试中，词汇试题主要是考查学生掌握所学词汇的程度。它要求考生必须掌握课程标准所要求的词汇，尤其是重点词汇的语义和用法，以根据句意选择所给词的正确形式填空。 1. 能熟练地运用基本拼读规则拼写单词，并能根据所学的构词法判断和记忆派生词和合成词的词形和词义。 2. 学会使用1500-1600个单词和200-300个习惯用语或固定搭配，能够在实际语言环境中做到活学活用。 3. 理解和领会词语的基本含义以及特定语境中的意义及用法。,它是在一篇语意完整的短文中有目的地制造一些空格（障碍物），造成信息链（语义）的中断，让考生在理解短文的基础上，综合运用所学知识和常识，对每个题的备选项作出合理的分析、判断，选出最佳答案，将空格处缺失的信息补充完整，使重新构建的文章主旨鲜明，逻辑严密，文意通畅。,特点,：,1词汇是学习英语的基础，也是中考的高频考点之一。近几年来，许多省市的中考英语都非常重视考生在具体语境中运用词汇能力的考查，词汇部分在历年中考题中约占总分值的5%10%。 2命题特点：主要考查一些高频词汇(如名词、动词、形容词等)；考查各类词形变化；考查六种时态的正确运用。 3考查题型：根据句意及汉语提示拼写单词；根据句意及首字母提示写出正确单词；用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空；用方框内所给单词或短语的适当形式填空。 4预计2015年中考将会加大对各类词汇的灵活运用及单词拼写能力的考查。,1做此类题目首先要正确写出所给汉语提示所对应的英语词汇。 2若有两个以上的词汇符合所给的汉语意思，则要根据具体语境及固定搭配形式进行取舍。 3然后从语法角度确定英语词汇的适当形式。若填写的是名词，就要注意用名词的单数还是复数；若填写的是形容词、副词，就要注意是否需要用比较级或最高级形式；如果是动词，就要注意它们的时态、语态等。,词语运用（短文填空）是河南省中考英语自2008年出现的新题型，一直沿用至今。它建立在完形填空和阅读理解的基础上，但要难于完形和阅读，因为它需要考试不仅能够选中所需填的词，还要给出正确的形式。 一般短文填空的题材为记叙文和说明文。 做此题一般需要8分钟左右，一定不能超过10分钟。,常考查点为： 1 动词 2 名词 3 形容词 4 副词 5 代词 6 数词 7 连词 8 介词 （冠词和感叹词不考）,1 动词：4-5个，包括谓语动词的数、时态、非谓语 ing、ed、(to) do，注意个别的拼写，如stopped； 2 名词： 2个左右，包括单复数（-s），名词所有格（s/ s），词性的转换等； 3 形容词：2-3个，考查原级、比较级、最高级，词性转换等； 4 副词：1-2个，考查修饰动词、句子等，常由形容词派生而来(hard-hard; good-well; careful-carefully)； 5 代词：1个，考查不定代词、物主代词、人称代词的主格、宾格，反身代词等，一般由意思决定； 6 数词：1个，常考查判断是序数词还是基数词； 7 连词：1个，考查句子间的逻辑关系； 8 介词：1个，常考查固定短语搭配。,做题步骤： 1 预读短文，了解大意：速度短文，不填空。了解文章的大意、重要的动作时态； 2 逐一填空，仔细对比：每一个空都要比较所有的备选词，只要意思和语法都通的就都填上，把备选单词一个一个勾划掉；选定单词后，确定正确的形式。 3 通读短文，复查答案：站在短文中心意思的立场上，确立每个空所填的单词，逐个检查形式，可以从以往的经验去判断。 重点检查内容： 1大小写 2 名词单复数 3 动词时态 4 形容词比较级 5 多余词,确立答案方法： 1 意思优先原则 通过把备选词的意思逐个带入空中，先确定填哪个词，在确定它的形式。,通过意思很容易读出，“他不会告诉任何人，除了我和你”，直接可以找到except。,need , animal , I , put , make , except , find , end , look , since , little , enough So I think he will not tell anybody _9_ you and me about what he found,确立答案方法： 2 语法优先原则 首先通过分析句子的结构，然后判断空处所填的词性，然后在备选项中逐个筛选。,通过句子结构可知new 后应该是一个名词，充当are的主语，而且是复数形式。因此，备选项中可数的名词只有word和example，显然words的意思最通。,French, same, word, Chinese, example, many, why, great, much, what, another, tell Languages change with time and the world. So does English. New _1_ are borrowed from other languages.,* 在未复查完成之前，不要草率地把答案写在答题横线上，一旦有错误，不好更改，因此建议做题时可以直接填在原文中的空处，最后做完题可以把答案誊抄在答题横线上。,词语填空(共10小题。计10分)2008年 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、正确、连贯(每个单词限用一次)。 like ，before，open，big， you，instead，watch， too ， be， tooth Hot Tips for a Good Nights Sleep If youre fired，youd better hot stay up lateSleep is lovelyenjoy it! Have a fixed bedtime It makes _feel calm if everything is in order before you sleepSo brush your _，wash your face， _the window and go to bedYour mind will take in all the cue(提示) that its time to go the land of dreams and Youll be sleeping _a baby in no time Go to bed when youre tired! If youre feeling really tired，go to bedDont stay up to _a late show，dont try to do a bit more workand dont plan to stay at your friends place _lateGo to bed Say yes to milk If you want a bedtime snack，have something calming and sleepyA glass of warm milk will help to sleep betterAnd try not to eat a _meal too close to bedtime，which keeps you awake Turn off the TV TV programmes make you excitedDont watch anything for an hour _you go to bedListen to some relaxing music_! It will send you to sleep in no time at all All the tips above _for a good nights sleepYour bodys going to thank you very much for it,you,teeth,open,like,watch,too,big,are,before,instead,词语填空（共10小题，计10分）2009年 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、正确、连贯（每个单词限用一次）。 pick less which color true visit without toy because longer How to be a Green One What does it mean to be green? “Green” is more than just a _. It also means taking special steps to protect the environment land, and the air we breathe. Why green? Plants are green, and _them the Earth wouldnt be such a lovely human beings. Heres a four-step guide to being green: Reduce It! When you use less of something, you do for the Earth. For example, a shorter shower means you use _water and less fuel (燃料) _your house uses fuel to run the water heater that warms up the water. Reuse It! Sometimes were a little too willing to things and buy new things. Many times, if you no _need something, someone else just might need it. For example, if your baby brother grows out of_, why not give them to another has a little kid? Recycle It! Recycling has never been easier. Many people will _it up right in front of your house and they will need it. Tell your mom or dad become “Head of Recycling” for your house. That means youll take the recyclable things in dustbins tell others _things can be recycled. Enjoy It! Its _that pollution is a problem remains a huge and beautiful place for you to go and study. You can start by _the naturally beautiful places in your hometown. Go for a hike, visit local nature centers and gardens, climb up mountains and so on.,color,without,less,because,longer,toys,pick,which,true,visiting,词语填空（共10小题，计10分）2010年 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、正确、连贯（每个单词限用一次）。 however, before, name, well, worst, notice, also, twice, and, give Naming the Baby Parents always think their babies are very special. They want others to _their children. For this reason, they sometimes give their children unusual_. They may choose names such as Chelma, Ukiah, Brianna, or Elvira. There are some advantages to this practice. A child who is _an uncommon name may feel special from childhood._, sometimes we remember people with unusual names _than we remember people with ordinary names. _ , unusual names can cause problems. They can be hard for teachers and friends to pronounce. They can also be hard to spell, _computers may automatically(自动地) change them. For example, Jule may become July. Some people may have a bad impression on an unusual name _they even meet the person. _of all, other children sometimes dont like kids with uncommon names. The message for parents is, “Think _before you give your child an unusual name.”,notice,names,given,Also,better,However,and,before,Worst,twice,VI词语填空（共15小题，计15分）（2011年） 用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文通顺、正确、连贯（每个单词限用一次入 America， week， ask， be， happy， and， get， for， they， of， but， do ， day ， teacher ， friend Students in the United States are still enjoying their holidays. Christmas is over， but school _not begin again for another _Before they return， these is still another important holidaythe first _of the New Year. It is the last night of the old year， however， that people celebrate the most. Almost everyone is _to a party. It is nice to be with _when you say goodbye to the old year. The people at the parties _dancing and singing. Most of them look _. They are wearing paper hats _ making noise. It is _close to midnight now and everyone is stopping to watch the clock. At exactly midnight everyone cheers. A new year is beginning. Everyone is hoping _a very good new Year. For many young _， like my English _ son and daughter， this is a time of the year to think about the future. They make a list _things that they hope to do. They promise to stop smoking， to lose weight， to save _money or to do something else that is good. They call these promises resolutions （决心做的事）。 Some people remember their resolutions all year long，_many others forget them.,does,week,day,asked,friends,are,happy,and,getting,for,Americans,teachers,their,of,but,短文填空的命题基本要求：,1. 材料选取。 从考查的材料来看， 短文填空 主要选取反映学生学习、生活、心理体会的文章； 其次，以社会热点、名人事迹为辅、风土人情； 再次，选取一般故事性的短文。,2. 难度控制。 从短文的词汇数量上来看，一篇短文填空的词汇量一般在180230个左右。从考查的词汇而言，主要是大纲要求的四会词语（即重点词汇），不要求掌握的词汇、一般词汇，通常不作为考查的对象。,3. 考点的设置。 短文填空的考点设置，主要以名词、动词、形容词副词、介词、连词为主要考查对象，在短文的布局上遵循首句、末句不设空；不逐句设空的原则；每段设置23个空；在设空的同时，注意前后暗示和上下文相互暗示的原则。,短文填空的解题指导：,做短文填空试题，考生需要具备正确拼写所学单词的能力，具有一定的语法基础知识，掌握一定的阅读方法，这样做起题才得心应手。下面介绍一些方法供大家在答题时运用。,一观察：,观察方框中所给的词汇，和所给考题的材料取向。,二归类：,对方框中所给的词汇进行词性分类。 熟悉英语常见实词变化形式和常见语法要点，尤其弄清楚它们在句中分别充当何种句子成分。,三发散：,对各词进行发散性思维，构建“知识树” , 初步了解词义。 .掌握词类转换的基本知识和词形变化规则， 尤其是不规则变化，如carecarefulcarefully； childchildren（childrens）， farfartherfarthest等。 .词汇的掌握要做到音、形、义相结合，即：词义清晰、拼写准确、灵活运用。如看到所给的词是名词，则马上要想到其单复数、名词所有格等问题。,词根：词性 n.,可数,单数,复数,不可数,形容词,副词,比较级,最高级,名词所有格,名词,名词,词根：动词 ,谓语动词,动词原形,动词三单,过去式,过去分词,非谓语动词,（原形）,动词原形,动名词,过去分词,名词,名词单数,名词复数,词根：代词 ,主格,宾格,形容词性物主代词,名词性物主代词,反身代词,四通读：,跳过空格，通读全文，了解大意。从整体入手了解内容大意，尤其关注文章首尾句，以便迅速抓住文章主旨，猜测作者的意图、观点。在明确了主要信息之后，结合细节进行分析、推理、归纳，从而把握住文章的中心，从而确定用什么样的词汇来补充缺失的信息最佳。,五关键：,做好句法分析，找出空前空后的关键词。通过句法分析弄清要填的词在句中充当的成分，是主语、谓语还是宾语等。如果是充当主语、宾语或表语，则大多需填名词或代词。如果是作谓语的则应填动词。定语的多为形容词，状语的多为副词等等。（即：根据句意，确定词性；根据结构，确定词形。）,六检查：,带入原文，复读检查。,短文填词答题技巧口诀,空前空后要注意， “名词”单、复数要牢记， 还有s不能弃。,“动词”注意要变形， “皇帝”、“大臣”要分清。,“形、副”注意要用三级， 副词用法要谨记.。,要用“数词”请留意， 千万别忘“基”和“序”。,填入“代词”需慎重， 五格变化记心中。,well , soft, second ,better , may , strongly,