句子成分和结构.ppt

,动词 代词 名词 形容词 副词 介词 连词,v. pron. n. adj. adv. prep. conj.,查词典学单词，要看懂和记住什么？,1) 掌握单词词性,数词 冠词,num. art.,9种 词性,2) 看例句掌握单词在句中位置,one apple; two little boys an idea; a good idea; the blue sky,数词/冠词 + (形容词) +名词,主要看数词/冠词外的7大词性,查词典学单词，要看懂什么？,1) 掌握单词词性,动词 代词 名词 形容词 副词 介词 连词,v. pron. n. adj. adv. prep. conj.,he, I, it等 him, me, it等,主格 宾格,2) 看例句掌握单词在句中位置,I like him. He is fond of it.,Cn. (pl.指常用复数) Un.,Many boys leave. He spends much money.,The little boy is good at math.,Luckily, I often walk quietly.,注意固定搭配,vt. vi. (+介词+sb./sth.),I see him. I look at him.,注意8大主要时态,At night, I listen to songs with Tom who is gifted for music.,注意固定搭配,He cried because he was sad and hungry.,注意固定搭配,主要看数词/冠词外的7大词性,1) I see him. 2) I look at him. 3) I like him. 4) He is fond of it. 5) Many boys leave. 6) He spends much money. 7) The little boy is good at math. 8) Luckily, I often walk quietly. 9) At night, I listen to songs with Tom who is gifted for music. 10) He cried because he was sad and hungry.,动词存在于几乎所有句型里！,以动词为中心展开，找规律！,动词在句中的这个位置被称为“_”,谓语,位置被称为 谓语前的这个,主语,谓语后的这个位置被称为,宾语,简单句5大结构之一： 之二：,主语 + 谓语 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语,谓语肯定是动词，那主语通常是什么词性的词/词组？宾语通常是什么词性的词/词组？,【注意时态和语态】,谓语肯定是动词，那么主语通常是什么词性的词/词组？,Some robots can dance. He runs slowly. Eight is a lucky number. Doing sports is healthy. To climb buildings is dangerous. When we will go climbing is under discussion.,can dance,is,is,runs,is,will go,谓语肯定是动词，那么宾语通常是什么词性的词/词组？,She plays the piano. He teaches me. One and two equals three. I enjoy running. He wanted to run. I think that he is in the classroom.,plays,teaches,equals,enjoy,wanted,think,is,we,名词,代词,数词,动词ing短语,to+动词短语,连词+句子,名词,代词,数词,动词ing短语,to+动词短语,连词+句子,主语和宾语这两个位置的词/词组的词性是一样的(涉及5大词性)： 名词、代词、数词、动词ing 、to+动词原形、连词+句子,主语+谓语,主语+谓语+宾语,is,副词算什么成分呢?,形容词算什么成分呢?,介词短语算什么成分呢?,He became a scientist. The watch is his. One and two is three. We are at home. The idea sounds good. He keeps crying. His task is to clean the window. That is because the job is boring.,观察以下句子中，谓语动词后的词/词组的词性,became,is,is,are,sounds,keeps,is,is,is,名词,代词,数词,动词ing短语,to+动词短语,连词+句子,介词短语,形容词,8大词性,宾语只有5大词性，为什么这里有8大词性呢？ 因为这种谓语是“_”：,系动词,be 动词 持续类: “看起来像” 感官类: 变化类:,持续类: keep, remain, stay “看起来像” seem，appear 感官类: look, smell, taste, sound, feel 变化类: become, grow, get, go, turn, fall,简单句5大结构之三： 主语 + 系动词 + 表语,区别于宾语的5大词性，系动词后这个位置被称为“表语”,Mr. Li teaches us history. My father tells us a story. He gave Mary a red pen. I lend him many books. She bought me a bike. He made his wife a kite.,观察以下句式中，谓语后的宾语，找出简单句5大结构之四：,tells,bought,teaches,lend,gave,made,us history,us a story,Mary a red pen,him many books,me a bike,his wife a kite,主语,+ + +,谓语,指人的 名词/代词,物体 名词,间接 宾语(人),直接 宾语(物),表达物体的来去或交换的动词,=My father tells a story to us. =He gave a red pen to Mary. =I lend many books to him. =She bought a bike for me. =He made a kite for his wife.,tells,to,gave,to,to,lend,bought,made,for,for,双宾语,“主谓双宾”结构换写成：,主语,+ + + +,谓语,直接 宾语(物),间接 宾语(人),to(给) for(为),His father named him Jack. Jack painted the wall white. We found everything in good order. The teacher asks Tony to sit down. We saw her entering the room. We saw a horse tied to the tree.,主语,+ + +,谓语,名词/代词,named,painted,found,asks,saw,saw,him Jack,the wall white,everything in good order,Tony to sit down,her entering the room,a horse tied to the tree,名词,动词ing短语,to+动词短语,介词短语,形容词,动词ed短语,说明物体情况的词,宾语,宾语 补足语,观察以下句式中，谓语后的宾语，找出简单句5大结构之五：,1) Birds fly. 2) They like singing. 3) Tom gives them food. 4) We hear them talking. 5) We are students.,Birds fly. They like singing. Tom gives them food. We hear them talking. We are students.,简单句的5大结构,_语 _词,动,谓,名词、代词、数词、 动词ing 、to+动词原形、 连词+句子,名词、代词、数词、 形容词、介词短语 动词ing 、to+动词原形、 连词+句子,be动词 持续类: keep, remain, stay “看起来像” seem, appear 感官类: look, smell, taste, sound, feel 变化类: become, grow, get, go, turn, fall,【思考】 如果动词不在谓语这个位置，有什么特点？,Doing sports is healthy. To climb buildings is dangerous. I enjoy running. He wanted to run. He keeps crying. His task is to clean the window. The teacher asks Tony to sit down. We saw her entering the room. We saw a horse tied to the tree.,以谓语动词为中心展开，观察处于非谓语位置时，动词的特点,is,is,enjoy,wanted,keeps,is,asks,saw,saw,Doing sports,To climb buildings,running,to run,crying,to clean,to sit down,entering,tied,不在谓语这个位置，而在_语这个位置的动词,不在谓语这个位置，而在_语这个位置的动词,不在谓语这个位置，而在_语这个位置的动词,不在谓语这个位置，而在_语这个位置的动词,主,宾,表,宾语补足,非谓语动词的形式： 动词ing to+动词 动词过去分词,简单句的5大结构,简单句与简单句之间通常是_号、_号、_号或分号（；）,句,感叹,问,Yesterday was Tuesday. We fished all day; we didnt catch anything. What a pity! Why?,英语中的逗号呢？,= Tom won the first place in the contest and it made his parents proud. = Tom won the first place in the contest, which made his parents proud. = Tom won the first place in the contest, making his parents proud.,除了用标点符号体现简单句，可以用以下方式： 加连词（and / but / so） 变从句 使用非谓语动词,并列句,主从 复合句,Tom won the first place in the contest. It made his parents proud.,句子成分,主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾补,定语、状语,这两种成分的位置比较灵活， 要靠作用来判断,那些句子里，我们发现的位置：,这是我的朋友。 这是来自美国的学生。,我的 来自美国的,对比两组句子的中英文“语序”（即单词排列顺序）： 【观察和发现】中英文中，定语的异同：,加上修饰成分（尤其后置定语或状语）后，中文与英文句子之间的语序就会发生_。,变化,都用于修饰名词,中英文定语的共同特点：,结论1：【中文定语】 放在名词前； 字眼为“的”+名词,结论2：【英文定语】有2种情况： 放在名词前(前置定语) 放在名词后(后置定语),This is my friend. This is a student from America.,my from America,really beautiful things boiled rice a swimming pool a swimming fish,单个形容词 单个动词过去分词 单个动词ing,形容词+名词,动词过去分词、动词ing形容词 副词可以修饰形容词,+名词,1）用于修饰名词,定语：,2）中文里为“的*”,真正美丽的东西 煮熟了的饭 游泳池 一条游动的鱼,真正美丽的东西 煮熟了的饭 游泳池 一条游动的鱼,really beautiful things boiled rice a swimming pool a swimming fish,单个形容词放在名词前,【对比和总结】英文里，前置定语的条件：,桌子上的书 有画的书 我们喜欢的书 站在树下的男孩 被Tom表扬的男孩 一些吃的东西,the book on the desk the book with pictures the book that/which has pictures the book that/which we like the boy who/that stands under the tree the boy standing under the tree the boy who/that are praised by Tom the boy praised by Tom something to eat,定语：,桌子上的书 有画的书 我们喜欢的书 站在树下的男孩 被Tom表扬的男孩 一些吃的东西,the book on the desk the book with pictures the book that/which has pictures the book that/which we like the boy who/that stands under the tree the boy standing under the tree the boy who/that are praised by Tom the boy praised by Tom something to eat,表位置“的” 含动词短语“的”,名词+,+名词,介词短语 定语从句(主谓要完整) 非谓语动词短语,短语或句子放在名词后面,【对比和总结】英文里，后置定语的条件：,1）用于修饰名词,2）中文里为“的*”,表示_、_、_、_、_、_、_、_、_和_的词/词组叫做状语。,1) The meeting will be held in the meeting room tomorrow.（表示_、_） 2) He studies hard to learn English well.(表示_ 、_) 3) He goes to school by bike.（表示_ ） 4) She entered the room, holding a book.（表示_ ） 5) Moved by the story, they cried.（表示_ ） 6) I like some of you very much. You are very kind. He runs very fast. （表示_ ）,时间,地点,目的,方式,程度,原因,结果,条件,伴随,让步,地点,时间,方式,目的,方式,伴随,原因,程度,通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、过去分词、现在分词、从句构成，常位于句末或句首。修饰动词、形容词、副词、或句子。,什么是状语？,在句子充当状语的从句称为_从句，可放在主句_面或_面，但是若放在主句前面，要用_与主句分开。,7) When you leave, please close all the windows. (表示_) 8) He didnt go to school yesterday because he was ill. (表示_) 9) He didnt study hard so that he failed in the exam. (表示_) 10) If you study hard, you will pass the exam.(表示_) 11) Though he is young, he can do it well. (表示_),什么是状语？,时间,原因,结果,条件,让步,表示_、_、_、_、_、_、_、_、_和_的词/词组叫做状语。,时间,地点,目的,方式,程度,原因,结果,条件,伴随,让步,状语,前,后,逗号,To my surprise, everything went on well. We should try to get good results by studying hard. Instead of giving us answers immediately, he encourages us to think by ourselves. With the network becoming more and more popular, people prefer seeing films to going to the cinema.,关于“介词短语”的运用,1、状语，表示地点、程度、时间、原因、方式 常位于句末或句首,2、后置定语（位于名词后）,A professor from Beijing University gave us a talk about/on how to learn English well this morning. The man in the classroom is a student. We should p