〖西南大学〗2019年[0181]《语言学导论》大作业（资料）内附答案

【西南大学】0181语言学导论试卷总分:100 得分:100第1题,【单项选择题】_, except those with mental or physical impairments, are better or worse first language acquirers.A.Many menB.Some menC.No menD.Few men正确答案:第2题,【单项选择题】_ deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.A.ReferenceB.ConceptC.SemanticsD.Sense正确答案:第3题,【单项选择题】A historical study of language is a _ study of language.A.synchronicB.diachronicC.prescriptiveD.comparative正确答案:第4题,【单项选择题】What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning _ is considered.A.referenceB.speech actC.grammarD.context正确答案:第5题,【单项选择题】Which of the following is not a design feature of human language?A.ArbitrarinessB.DisplacementC.DualityD.Meaningfulness正确答案:第6题,【单项选择题】The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are _ sounds.A.voicelessB.voicedC.vowelD.consonantal正确答案:第7题,【单项选择题】_ is advanced by Paul Grice.A.Cooperative PrincipleB.Politeness PrincipleC.The General Principle of Universal GrammarD.Speech Act Theory正确答案:第8题,【单项选择题】_ refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form.A.PolysemyB.SynonymyC.HomonymyD.Hyponymy正确答案:第9题,【单项选择题】_ does not study meaning in isolation, but in context.A.PragmaticsB.SemanticsC.Sense relationD.Concept正确答案:第10题,【单项选择题】The different phones which can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments are called the _ of that phoneme.A.phonesB.soundsC.phonemesD.allophones正确答案:第11题,【单项选择题】According to F. de Saussure, _ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community.A.paroleB.performanceC.langueD.competence正确答案:第12题,【单项选择题】“-s” in the word “books” is _.A.a derivative affixB.a stemC.an inflectional affixD.a root正确答案:第13题,【单项选择题】_ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.A.SyntaxB.GrammarC.MorphologyD.Morpheme正确答案:第14题,【单项选择题】The development of linguistic skills involves the acquisition of _ rules rather than the mere memorization of words and sentences.A.culturalB.grammaticalC.behaviourD.pragmatic正确答案:第15题,【单项选择题】“Toms bike is red” _ Tom has a bike.A.entailsB.is synonymous withC.is inconsistent withD.presupposes正确答案:第16题,【单项选择题】In first language acquisition, explicit teaching of correct forms to young children plays _ at best.A.a minor roleB.a significant roleC.a basic roleD.no role正确答案:第17题,【单项选择题】_ are often thought to be the smallest meaningful units of language by the linguists.A.WordsB.MorphemesC.PhonemesD.Sentences正确答案:第18题,【单项选择题】Bound morphemes are those that _.A.have to be used independentlyB.can not be combined with other morphemesC.can stand as words on their ownD.have to be combined with other morphemes正确答案:第19题,【单项选择题】The meaning carried by the inflectional morpheme is _.A.lexicalB.morphemicC.grammaticalD.semantic正确答案:第20题,【单项选择题】A _ vowel is one that is produced with the front part of the tongue maintaining the highest position.A.backB.centralC.frontD.middle正确答案:第21题,【单项选择题】The sound /f/ is _.A.voiced palatal affricateB.voiced alveolar stopC.voiceless velar fricativeD.voiceless labiodental fricative正确答案:第22题,【单项选择题】Since /p/ and /b/ are phonetically similar, occur in the same environments and they can distinguish meaning, they are said to be _.A.in phonemic contrastB.in complementary distributionC.the allophonesD.minimal pair正确答案:第23题,【单项选择题】The assimilation rule assimilates one sound to another by “copying” a feature of a sequential phoneme, thus making the two phones _.A.identicalB.sameC.exactly alikeD.similar正确答案:第24题,【单项选择题】_ is a voiced alveolar stop.A./z/B./d/C./k/D./b/正确答案:第25题,【单项选择题】The sounds produced without the vocal cords vibrating are _ sounds.A.voicelessB.voicedC.vowelD.consonantal正确答案:第26题,【单项选择题】Language is said to be arbitrary because there is no logical connection between _ and meanings.A.senseB.soundsC.objectsD.ideas正确答案:第27题,【单项选择题】Modern linguistics regards the written language as _.A.primaryB.betterC.secondaryD.unchangeable正确答案:第28题,【单项选择题】Which of the following is not a design feature of human language?A.ArbitrarinessB.DisplacementC.DualityD.Meaningfulness正确答案:第29题,【单项选择题】If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be _.A.prescriptiveB.analyticC.descriptiveD.linguistic正确答案:第30题,【单项选择题】In first language acquisition, imitation plays _.A.a minor roleB.a significant roleC.a basic roleD.no role正确答案:第31题,【单项选择题】A linguistic _ refers to a word or expression that is prohibited by the polite society from general use.A.slangB.euphemismC.tabooD.jargon正确答案:第32题,【单项选择题】_ are those that cannot be used independently but have to be combined with other morphemes, either free or bound, to form a word.A.Free morphemesB.Bound morphemesC.Bound wordsD.Words正确答案:第33题,【单项选择题】_ is a voiced bilabial stop.A./z/B./d/C./k/D./b/正确答案:第34题,【判断题】Vibration of the vocal cords results in a quality of speech sounds called voicing.A.B.正确答案:第35题,【判断题】Language by no means determines the ways we perceive the objective world, but by its convenience, availability, and habitual use, does influence the perceptions of human being.A.B.正确答案:第36题,【判断题】Linguistics studies a particular language, not language in general.A.B.正确答案:第37题,【判断题】The smallest meaningful units that can be used freely all by themselves are free morphemes.A.B.正确答案:第38题,【判断题】L1 development and L2 development seem to involve the same processes.A.B.正确答案:第39题,【判断题】Every speaker of a language is, in a stricter sense, a speaker of a distinct idiolect.A.B.正确答案:第40题,【判断题】The capacity to acquire ones first language is a fundamental human trait that all human beings, generally speaking, are equally well possessed with.A.B.正确答案:第41题,【判断题】The standard language is a better language than nonstandard languages.A.B.正确答案:第42题,【判断题】What is actually internalized in the mind of a native speaker is a complete list of words and phrases rather than grammatical knowledge.A.B.正确答案:第43题,【判断题】The linguistic markers that characterize individual social groups may serve as social markers of group membership.A.B.正确答案:第44题,【判断题】Speech act theory was originated with the British philosopher John Searle.A.B.正确答案:第45题,【判断题】Utterances always take the form of complete sentences.A.B.正确答案:第46题,【判断题】“alive” and “dead” are complementary antonyms.A.B.正确答案:第47题,【判断题】Componential analysis is a way in which the meaning of a word can be dissected into meaning components, called semantic features.A.B.正确答案:第48题,【判断题】The distinction between competence and performance is proposed by Halliday.A.B.正确答案:第49题,【判断题】What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning the context of use is considered.A.B.正确答案:第50题,【判断题】“Smog” is a word formed by the word-forming process called acronymy.A.B.正确答案:第51题,【判断题】Hyponymy refers to the phenomenon that words having different meanings have the same form.A.B.正确答案:第52题,【判断题】Derivation refers to the process by which new words are formed by the addition of affixes to the roots, stems, or words.A.B.正确答案:第53题,【判断题】Bilingualism and diglossia mean the same thing.A.B.正确答案:第54题,【判断题】Pidgins are linguistically inferior to standard languages.A.B.正确答案:第55题,【判断题】The standard language is a better language than nonstandard languages.A.B.正确答案:第56题,【判断题】Two speakers of the same language or dialect use their language or dialect in the same way.A.B.正确答案:第57题,【判断题】A persons social backgrounds do not exert a shaping influence on his choice of linguistic features.A.B.正确答案:第58题,【判断题】Language use varies from one speech community to another, from one regional group to another, from one social group to another, and even from one individual to another.A.B.正确答案:第59题,【判断题】Observations of children in different language areas of the world reveal that the developmental stages are similar, possibly universal, whatever the nature of the input.A.B.正确答案:第60题,【判断题】For the vast majority of children, language development occurs spontaneously and requires little conscious instruction on the part of adults.A.B.正确答案:第61题,【判断题】Some languages are inferior, or superior, to other languages.A.B.正确答案:第62题,【判断题】The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussure.A.B.正确答案:第63题,【判断题】A basic way to determine the phonemes of a language is to see if substituting one sound for another results in a change of meaning.A.B.正确答案:第64题,【判断题】A synchronic study of language is the description of language at some point in time.A.B.正确答案:第65题,【判断题】For the vast majority of children, language development occurs spontaneously and requires little conscious instruction on the part of adults.A.B.正确答案:第66题,【判断题】The meaning of a sentence is the sum total of the meanings of all its components.A.B.正确答案:第67题,【判断题】Words are the smallest meaningful units of language.A.B.正确答案:第68题,【判断题】Morphology studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.A.B.正确答案:第69题,【判断题】English is a tone language while Chinese is not.A.B.正确答案:第70题,【判断题】Generally speaking, left hemisphere is responsible for language and speech, analytic reasoning, associative thought, etc., while the right hemisphere is responsible for perception of nonlinguistic sounds, holistic reasoning, recognition of musical melodies, etc.A.B.正确答案:第71题,【判断题】Imitation plays at best a very minor role in the childs mastery of language.A.B.正确答案:第72题,【判断题】The distinction between competence and performance was proposed by F. de Saussure.A.B.正确答案:第73题,【判断题】The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, but there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend.A.B.正确答案:第74题,【判断题】Most languages have sets of lexical items similar in meaning but ranked differently according to their degree of formality.A.B.正确答案:第75题,【判断题】Language functions are believed to be lateralized primarily in the left hemisphere of the brain.A.B.正确答案:第76题,【阅读理解题(单选）】Psychologists and educators have known for a long time that active learning is by far superior to passive learning and in the discussion in section 3.1.1 we have rejected the notion of teaching language through some automatic conditioning process. Both of these considerations point to the crucial role of learner factors in language acquisition and to the importance of knowing just what the learner contributes to the learning process so that it can be taken into account in the teaching process. Intelligence is usually conceived of as the ability to learn and thus it is to be expected that I.Q. will be related to second-language learning as well, and indeed the evidence we have corroborated this expectation. This relationship, under conditions of school learning, appears to be in the order of 15 to 20 percent of the contributing variance. The importance of intelligence in second-language learning can be interpreted as stemming from the fact that the teaching process is incapable of making it completely clear just what the learner is to acquire. Thus the variance contribution of intelligence can be expected to increase under conditions where instructional procedures are weak and amorphous and decrease under conditions where they are effective and well integrated. In this sense, the correlation between intelligence and achievement can be viewed as an indication of the quality of instruction. The 20 percent variance contribution just referred to thus indicates that within the present conditions of language teaching in schools, given the criterion definitions and goals, and distribution of aptitude and perseverance factors that now prevail, the quality of instruction is quite high and the amount of possible improvement fairly limited. This conclusion, if valid, is quite significant, since it suggests that in order to increase the success of the FL curriculum in schools the major changes and improvements will have to come in the area of criterion definition and implementation, i.e., a change in what is being taught under particular conditions. Note that quality of instruction can be high - that is, it is being made quite clear to the student just what he is supposed to learn - while the success of the over-all program can remain inadequate owing to lack of perseverance on the part of the student or to the choice of a criterion goal for the course that turns out to be not what was wanted. It should be realized that a change in criterion goal may affect the quality of instruction, since corresponding to a change in what is being taught there may have to be a change in how it is being taught. With these new goals, quality of instruction will have to be reevaluated, since there is no guarantee that our present knowledge will be equally effective in teaching these newer skills.1)、In active learning, the learners _.A.are much involved in the learning processB.know the teachers crucial role in the teaching processC.learn through some automatic conditioning processD.play the same part in the learning process as the teacher正确答案:第77题,【阅读理解题(单选）】How men first learned to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thought and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and after that they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken, or written in letters we call words.The power of words lies in the things they bring up before our minds. Words became filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more meaningful a word may become to us.1)、According the author, the origin of language is _.A.a problem not yet solvedB.a question of little importanceC.a matter that is hard to approachD.a legend handed down from the past正确答案:第78题,【阅读理解题(单选）】How men first learned to invent words is unknown; in other words, the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain sounds to express thought and feelings, actions and things, so that they could communicate with each other; and after that they agreed upon certain signs, called letters, which could be combined to represent those sounds, and which could be written down. Those sounds, whether spoken, or written in letters we call words.The power of words lies in the things they bring up before our minds. Words became filled with meaning for us by experience; and the longer we live, the more certain words recall to us the glad and sad events of our past; and the more we read and learn, the more meaningful a word may become to us.1)、According to the passage, which of following statements is true?A.The more we read and learn, the more certain we will be about the world.B.The more we read and learn, the more we will know about the world.C.The more we read and learn, the sadder we are.D.The more we read and learn the happier we become.正确答案:第79题,【阅读理解题(单选）】Psychologists and educators have known for a long time that active learning is by far superior to passive learning and in the discussion in section 3.1.1 we have rejected the notion of teaching language through some automatic conditioning process. Both of these considerations point to the crucial role of learner factors in language acquisition and to the importance of knowing just what the learner contributes to the learning process so that it can be taken into account in the teaching process. Intelligence is usually conceived of as the ability to learn and thus it is to be expected that I.Q. will be related to second-language learning as well, and indeed the evidence we have corroborated this expectation. This relationship, under conditions of school learning, appears to be in the order of 15 to 20 percent of the contributing variance. The importance of intelligence in second-language learning can be interpreted as stemming from the fact that the teaching process is incapable of making it completely clear just what the learner is to acquire. Thus the variance contribution of intelligence can be expected to increase under conditions where instructional procedures are weak and amorphous and decrease under conditions where they are effective and well integrated. In this sense, the correlation between intelligence and achievement can be viewed as an indication of the quality of instruction. The 20 percent variance contribution just referred to thus indicates that within the present conditions of language teaching in schools, given the criterion definitions and goals, and distributio