《周英译汉讲义》PPT课件.ppt

第三周英译汉讲义,Part I：翻译技巧词义引申法 Semantic extensions of concepts 商英05级1、2班 2007.9.17.,About “concept”,英语词典词项体现为“词（words）”, 汉语字典体现为“字”，每个“词”或“字”都有自己的释义（即“概念语义”）。无论是词或字，往往是一词（字）多义；这种“多义”在词/字典中以不同的“义项”按“基本义项”和“引申义项”先后排列出来。词/字典中的词或字的概念语义有的是约定俗成的，最常见的，或最易产生直接联系的；但其引申义是充分依靠语境的，最难以产生直接对应性联系的，这就要靠把握语境关联性因素，要靠联想、分析、判断、综合、抽象、概括等思维才能获得某个多义词/字的引申义。这是一种语言能力，而且是一种很重要的语言能力，同时也是一种思维能力。故学习词汇的一个重要环节就是要注意一个词/字的引申义是如何引申出来的，应注意考察其心理过程和理据。 “概念意义”是指词语的语义指向，或词语的指称意义，指向客观世界中某个“实体（个体事物）”或“类（群体事物）”，也可指向主观世界中某个“虚构物”或“抽象物”。,词义引申法的 分类与特征 （categories & features）,1.模糊形象表达 具体形象化引申,The fields stretched themselves in their long winter sleep. 田野要在漫漫的冬眠之中伸展自己。？ 田野要在漫漫的冬眠之中伸伸脚。,2.抽象轭式概念 时-空转换概念,These alternations of mood were the despair and joy of Ethan Frome. 这些情感的改变/变化就是伊坦弗洛姆的绝望和高兴。 她这种一会儿一个情调，叫伊坦 弗洛姆时而灰心，时而高兴。,3.抽象概念 关系情态扩展性引申,Now and then he turned his eyes from the girls face to that of the dancing partner, which, in the exhilaration of the dance, had taken on a look of impudent ownership. （very rude and disrespectful） 他时而转移他的目光从女子的脸上到她的舞伴的脸上，那张脸在跳舞的狂热之中俨然有“佳人属我”的精神。 （吕叔湘译） 修订：他不时地将目光从女子脸上转移到她的舞伴脸上，只见那张脸在狂舞之中露出一副兴奋莫名的“佳人属我”的轻佻神气。Zeng Lisha,4.物类概念 形象特征化引申,In fact, the Bavarian environment was so charged with Nazi sentiment throughout the 1920s that Hitlers storm troops goosestpped into power in Furth in1930 事实上，在整个二十年代，纳粹党在巴伐利亚一带已博得公众好感，以至于在一九三0年，希特勒的冲锋队员就耀武扬威地夺取了费尔特镇的权利。,5.活动类概念词 形象特征化引申,See-sawing between partly good and faintly ominous, the news for the nest four weeks was never distinct. 在那以后的四个星期内，消息时而部分有所好转，时而有所有点不妙，两种情况不断交替出现，一直没有明朗化。,6. 物类特征化词 物类概念词,The car in front of me stalled and I missed the green. 我前头的那辆车停住了，因此，我错过了绿灯。,Jewish-owned shops were shut down. Swastikas replaced six-pointed stars. The walls of anti-Semitism were closing in. 犹太人的铺子关闭了。 子旗取代了六角星旗。反犹太主义的包围圈越来越紧。,Part II: Theoretic Notions,译字/词、译意、 译味 concept translating sense conveying flavour representation,商英学院03级研究生黄琬屏等评析 概念的词典释义与语境意义嬗变,原文： “As much as I ever wish to be,” cried Elizabeth warmly. “ I have spent four days in the same house with him, and I think him very disagreeable.” (Pride and prejudice, Jane Austin, P76) 译文: “我也只希望跟他这么熟就够了，”伊丽莎白冒火地叫道。“我和他一起呆了四天，觉得他很讨厌。” （傲慢与偏见，王科一译，P93）,His first marriage with the daughter of the noble Binkie had been made under the auspices of his parents; and as he often told Lady Crawley in her lifetime she was such a confounded quarrelsome high-bred jade that when she died he was hanged if he would ever take another of her sort, at her ladayships demise he kept his promise, and selected for a second wife Miss Rose Dawson, daughter of Mr.John Thomas Dawson, ironmonger, of Mudbury.,V1 他第一次结婚的时候，奉父母之命娶了一位贵族小姐，是平葛家里的女儿。克劳莱夫人活着的时候，他就常常当面说她是个讨人嫌的婆子，礼数又足，嘴巴子又碎，并且说等她死了之后，死也不愿意再娶这么一个老婆了。他说到做到；妻子去世以后，他就挑了墨特白莱铁器商人约翰道生的女儿露丝道生做填房。（杨必译） V2 他第一次结婚娶的是贵族宾基家的小姐，那是遵照父母的旨意行事。克劳利夫人在世的时候，他就当面对她说，她是个讨厌的饶舌妇，是个出身高贵的泼妇，要是她死了，他宁愿上吊也不会娶她这种女人。他妻子死后，他果然信守自己的诺言，娶了穆得伯里铁器商约翰托马斯道森家的女儿罗斯道森小姐。（贾文浩 贾文渊译）,原文: Again remarkably, and despite those limitations, the agencys ranks contained many highly-qualified, dedicated professionals. But inevitably there were others. The unsuccessful. The soured and alienated who preferred comparative solitude to meeting many people. The dedicated self-protectors, avoiding difficult decisions. Alcoholics. The unbalanced. （Arthur Hailey: Strong Medicine）,V1: 当然，尽管有上述不利，该局的雇员中仍引人注目地包括许多水平很高，但也不可避免地良莠混杂，好些没混出名堂的人，那些宁愿图个清静而不愿多接触人的失意者和落魄者，那些很会保护自己，不愿作出困难决策的人，嗜酒成性的人，以及神经不健全的人，混迹其间。(艾平等译) V2: 尽管有上述那些不利条件，奇怪的是，这机构里确有不少业务精湛，忠于事业的专门人才。但是其他的人也必然存在。有不得志的，有失意的，有宁可离群索居的，有一心保住自己，只求避免作出困难抉择的，有好酒贪杯的，有入不敷出的。（王岱等译）,原文: The simple perception of natural forms is a delight. The influence of the forms and actions in nature is so needful to man, that in its lowest functions, it seems to lie on the confines of commodity and beauty. (Beauty by Emerson, Selected Essays of Emerson, 胡家峦, 湖南文艺出版社,2000),原译: 以简单的直觉观看自然界的各种形体是人类一件乐事. 这些形体与活动的影响事实上对人类是非常必要的,以至从它最微不足道的作用看,它似乎只限于商品与美观之间的范围. (佟孝功 译),Homework,Pair or group work: Try to make analysis of two examples / instances of an English-Chinese version from a published story /novel/textbook